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Behavior of Pile Group with Elevated Cap Subjected to Cyclic Lateral Loads

China Ocean Engineering 2015年第4期29卷 565-578页

作者：陈云敏顾明陈仁朋孔令刚张浙杭边学成 MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering Department of Civil EngineeringZhejiang University Zhejiang electric power design institute

The pile group with elevated cap is widely used as foundation of offshore structures such as turbines, power transmission towers and bridge piers, and understanding its behavior under cyclic lateral loads induced by waves, tide water and winds, is of great importance to designing. A large-scale model test on 3×3 pile group with elevated cap subjected to cyclic lateral loads was performed in saturated silts. The preparation and implementation of the test is presented. Steel pipes with the outer diameter of 114 mm, thickness of 4.5 mm, and length of 6 m were employed as model piles. The pile group was cyclic loaded in a multi-stage sequence with the lateral displacement controlled. In addition, a single pile test was also conducted at the same site for comparison. The displacement of the pile cap, the internal forces of individual piles, and the horizontal stiffness of the pile group are presented and discussed in detail. The results indicate that the lateral cyclic loads have a greater impact on pile group than that on a single pile, and give rise to the significant plastic strain in the soil around piles. The lateral loads carried by each row of piles within the group would be redistributed with loading cycles. The lateral stiffness of the pile group decreases gradually with cycles and broadly presents three different degradation patterns in the test. Significant axial forces were measured out in some piles within the group, owing to the strong restraint provided by the cap, and finally lead to a large settlement of the pile group. These findings can be referred for foundation designing of offshore structures.

关键词： pile group large-scale model test cyclic lateral loads stiffness degradation settlement

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Research on Multi-Objective Optimization Model of Industrial Microgrid Considering Demand Response Technology and User Satisfaction

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Energy Engineering 2023年第4期120卷 869-884页

作者： Junhui Li Jinxin Zhong Kailiang Wang Yu Luo Qian Han Jieren Tan Dongguan power Supply Bureau Dongguan523000China Guangdong electric power design and Research institute Guangzhou510000China

In the process of wind power,coal power,and energy storage equipment participating in the operation of industrial microgrids,the stable operation of wind-storage industrial microgrids is guaranteed by considering demand response technology and user *** paper firstly sorts out the status quo of microgrid operation optimization,and determines themain requirements for user satisfaction considering three types of load characteristics,demand response technology,power consumption benefit loss,user balance power purchase price and wind power consumption evaluation indicators in the ***,the operation architecture of the windstorage industrialmicrogrid is designed,and themulti-objective optimizationmodel of the wind-storage industrial microgrid is established with the comprehensive operating cost and user satisfaction as the target variables,and the corresponding solution method is ***,a typical wind-storage industrial microgrid is selected for simulation analysis,and the results showthat,(1)Considering the demand response technology,the comprehensive operating cost of the wind-storage industrial microgrid per day is 5292.63 yuan,the user satisfaction index is 0.953,and the wind power consumption rate reaches 100%.(2)By setting four scenarios,it highlights that the grid-connected operation mode is superior to the off-grid operation *** the demand response technology,the load curve can be optimized,and the time-of-use electricity price can be fully used to coordinate the operation of each unit,which enhances the wind power consumption *** compromise solution of the system comprehensive operating cost and user satisfaction under the confidence level of 0.95 is obtained,namely(5343.22,0.94).(3)The frontier curve shows that in the process of model solving,it is impossible to optimize any sub-objective by changing the control variables,which proves that there is a close relationship between the comprehensive operating

关键词： Wind storage industrial microgrid demand response user satisfaction

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Regulating the mesogenic properties of imidazolium salts by modifying N3-substituents

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Science China Chemistry 2015年第12期58卷 1884-1890页

作者： Meng Wang Xu Pan Jian Chen Songyuan Dai Anhui electric power design institute Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells North China Electric Power University

In this study, a series of imidazolium salts with different N3-substituents(3-position: methyl, vinyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl)-based ionic-liquid crystals with iodide as counterion(ILCs) are synthesized and characterized, with the aim of regulating the mesogenic properties of imidazolium salts. The imidazolium salts-based ionic-liquid crystals are characterized by thermal analysis, polarized optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, and single-crystalline diffraction. Liquid crystalline phase with a Smectic A phase interdigitated bilayer structure is observed. The mesophase temperature range decreases with the increase of the alkyl chain length of N3-substituent. While when vinyl is attached to the N3 position, intermolecular ?-? interactions are formed in adjacent layers, which exert a positive effect on the formation of mesophase. The layer-spacing of imidazolium salts keeps increasing with the increase of the alkyl chain length attached to both the N1 and N3 positions, and gradually decreases with the increasing temperature in liquid crystalline phase. The 1-alkyl-3-vinylimidazolium salt has the smallest layer-spacing, due to the intermolecular ?-? interactions between the vinyl and imidazolium rings in adjacent layers.

关键词： ionic liquid crystals mesogenic properties regulate N3-substituents

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Prime Mover Capacity Optimization and Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of Internal Combustion Engine Based CCHP System

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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第4期32卷 1583-1594页

作者： WANG Shucheng MUHAMMAD Imran LI Hongwei CHEN Xiaoxu QIN Mei School of Energy and power Engineering Northeast Electric Power UniversityJilin132012China College of Engineering and Physical Sciences MechanicalBiomedical and Design EngineeringAston UniversityBirminghamB47ETUK Northeast electric power design institute Co. Ltd.of China Power Engineering Consulting GroupChangchun130021China

In this research,a solar hybrid combined cooling heating and power(CCHP)system is proposed considering the different scenarios of Prime Movers(PMs)and the part-load performance of PMs is validated by the designed values from the manufacturer of ***,a multi-optimization model based on a genetic algorithm is developed in order to select both the most promising performance PM and the most cost-effectiveness,environmentally friendly number of collectors for the proposed CCHP system,*** the hourly performance of this solar hybrid CCHP is determined through a case study of a hotel in *** show that the highest efficiency of the PM with larger capacity has the most promising performance and the collector number of 90 turns out to be a superior value for the hotel building based on the primary energy saving ratio of 61.61%.Moreover,on a typical summer day,the recovered waste heat and the solar energy can provide all the thermal energy demands,while,an auxiliary boiler should be started to fulfill the energy gap in both typical transition and winter *** the simulation result,the CO_(2) emissions can be reduced by 856.2 t/a due to the solar energy introduced into the ***,the dynamic investment payback period will change from 3.01 years to 3.56 years when the fuel price(P_(fuel))ranges from 0.8P_(fuel) to1.2P_(fuel).

关键词： combined cooling heating and power(CCHP)system distributed energy system optimization waste heat recovery ICE

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Maximum entropy based probabilistic load flow calculation for power system integrated with wind power generation

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Journal of Modern power Systems and Clean Energy 2018年第5期6卷 1042-1054页

作者： Bingyan SUI Kai HOU Hongjie JIA Yunfei MU Xiaodan YU Shanghai electric power design institute Co. Ltd. School of electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin University

Distributed generation including wind turbine(WT) and photovoltaic panel increases very fast in recent years around the world, challenging the conventional way of probabilistic load flow(PLF) calculation. Reliable and efficient PLF method is required to take this chage into *** paper studies the maximum entropy probabilistic density function reconstruction method based on cumulant arithmetic of linearized load flow formulation,and then develops a maximum entropy based PLF(MEPLF) calculation algorithm for power system integrated with wind power generation(WPG). Compared with traditional Gram–Charlier expansion based PLF(GC-PLF)calculation method, the proposed ME-PLF calculation algorithm can obtain more reliable and accurate probabilistic density functions(PDFs) of bus voltages and branch flows in various WT parameter scenarios. It can solve thelimitation of GC-PLF calculation method that mistakenly gains negative values in tail regions of PDFs. Linear dependence between active and reactive power injections of WPG can also be effectively considered by the modified cumulant calculation framework. Accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach are validated with some test systems. Uncertainties yielded by the wind speed variations, WT locations, power factor fluctuations are considered.

关键词： Maximum entropy Probabilistic load flow Probability density function Wind power generation Monte Carlo simulation

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Delay-dependent Wide-area Damping Controller Synthesis Approach Using Jensen’s Inequality and Evolution Algorithm

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy Systems 2023年第5期9卷 1774-1785页

作者： Wencheng Wu Xiaoru Wang Hong Rao Baorong Zhou the School of electrical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduSichuan Province 610021China the Southwest electric power design institute Sichuan Province 610056China the State Key Laboratory of HVDC Electric Power Research InstituteCSGGuangzhou 510663China

A time-delay-dependent wide-area damping controller synthesis approach,based on Jensen’s integral inequality and evolution algorithm,is developed to suppress the adverse effect of time delay on the supplemental control of high-voltage direct current(DC)transmission ***,the state-space model of hybrid AC/DC systems with time delay is derived and the delay-dependent criteria for the stability of the closed-loop system are provided based on Jensen’s integral ***,initial solutions are randomly generated to overcome the difficulty of solving the nonlinear matrix ***,the time-delay stability upper bound of the controller is optimized using the differential evolution *** comparison to popular time-delay stable controller design methods,such as the free-weighting-matrix approach,the proposed method based on output feedback realization requires fewer decision variables and is more suitable for large-scale hybrid AC/DC *** examples are introduced to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

关键词： Damping suppression delay-dependent control differential evolution algorithm Jensen’s inequality output feedback time-varying delay wide-area control

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Control Method for Additional Damper in Hydro-turbine Speed Governor of Hydro-dominant power Systems

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy Systems 2023年第2期9卷 589-598页

作者： Guanhong Wang Yong Tang Ying Li Dongping Ai Gang Chen Wei Wei Department of power System China Electric Power Research InstituteBeijing 100192China Department of power System Technology State Grid Sichuan Electric Power Research InstituteChengdu 610072China

With the rapid development of the national interconnected power grid,fast automatic excitation regulators and fast turbine governors are being widely *** the current systems,some power plants adjust their responses for turbine governor systems to a very sensitive level to meet the primary frequency regulation assessment index,which actively brings about negative *** these circumstances,the ultralow frequency oscillation(ULFO)phenomenon emerged in hydrodominant power *** order to solve the problem of ULFO,the hydro-turbine governor additional damper(GAD)based on phase compensation,which adapts to ULFO,is *** design of the control system is relatively *** a phase compensation based on the field testing and modeling of the turbine governor,GAD can provide the power system with positive damping,which contributes to the stability and security of the *** to the impact of the mechanism of the turbine governor on the dynamic stability of the power system and the research of modeling and parametric testing,the proposed method not only supports positive damping,but also eliminates the negative damping of the speed governing system,which can significantly suppress the ultralow frequency oscillation and make it feasible to configure the GAD parameters according to field testing.

关键词： Governor additional damper phase compensation power system ULFO

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design Aspects of Hybrid HVDC System

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CSEE Journal of power and Energy Systems 2021年第3期7卷 644-653页

作者： Hong Rao Yuebin Zhou Changyue Zou Shukai Xu Yan Li Liu Yang Weihuang Huang electric power Research institute of China Southern power Grid Guangzhou 510663China

Hybrid high voltage direct current transmission(Hybrid HVDC)is a new type of HVDC technology developed in recent *** combines the characteristics of large-capacity and low cost of the line commutated converters(LCC)and non-commutation failure and dynamic reactive power support of the voltage sourced converters(VSCs)in one HVDC *** has technical advantages in the fields of unidirectional power transmission and in the application of improving the stability of multi-infeed HVDCs,giving it broad application *** paper defines the basic form of hybrid HVDC first and discusses the characteristics and challenges of different hybrid ***,it analyzes the matching characteristics between LCC and VSC in the station-station hybrid HVDC,studies the key technologies,such as VSC topologies and control strategies for clearing the DC overhead line faults,and introduces the key technologies for analyzing and suppressing the high-frequency resonances between VSC and the power *** this paper,using the Wudongde UHV multi-terminal HVDC as an example,the proposed key technologies are analyzed and verified.

关键词： DC overhead lines high frequency resonance hybrid HVDC LCC VSC

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Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment Temperature on Structure and Properties of CFB/M Ultra-High Strength Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2010年第4期17卷 66-72页

作者： XU Xue-xia BAI Bing-zhe LIU Dong-yua YUAN Ye Laboratory of Advanced Materials Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 China Hebei electric power Research institute Shijiazhuang 050021 Hebei China School of Energy and power Engineering North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China Northwest electric power design institute Xi’an 710075 Shaanxi China

Modified CCT diagram of carbide-flee bainite-martensite （CFB/M） ultra-high strength steel was established by applying controlled cooling of small samples. In addition, the influence of thermomechanical treatment tem- perature on the structure and properties was discussed. The experimental results showed that when deformed at 860℃ and below, ferrite transformation occurred due to strain. With the decrease of ausforming temperature, the quantity of ferrite increased and strength and toughness were deteriorated. Therefore, certain information was provided for optimizing technical parameter of ausforming process., firstly, the thermomechanical treatment temperature should not be lower than 860 ℃ in order to avoid ferrite formation induced by deformation; secondly, rapid cooling rate is also significant after deformation in order to avoid ferrite precipitation during subsequent cooling stage.

关键词： thermomechanical treatment carbide-free bainite/martensite (CFB/M) ultra-high strength steel

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RandWPSO-LSSVM optimization feedback method for large underground cavern and its engineering applications

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Journal of Central South University 2012年第8期19卷 2354-2364页

作者：聂卫平徐卫亚刘兴宁 Guangdong electric power design institute institute of Geotechnical Engineering Hohai University Kunming design and Research institute China Hydropower Engineering Group Co.

According to the characteristics of large underground caverns, by using the safety factor of surrounding rock mass point as the control standard of cavern stability, RandWPSO-LSSVM optimization feedback method and flow process of large underground cavern anchor parameters were established. By applying the optimization feedback method to actual project, the best anchor parameters of large surge shaft five-tunnel area underground cavern of the Nuozhadu hydropower station were obtained through optimization. The results show that the predicted effect of LSSVM prediction model obtained through RandWPSO optimization is good, reasonable and reliable. Combination of the best anchor parameters obtained is 114131312, that is, the locked anchor bar spacing is 1 m x 1 m, pre-stress is 100 kN, elevation 580.45-586.50 m section anchor bar diameter is 36.00 mm, length is 4.50 m, spacing is 1.5 m × 2.5 m; anchor bar diameter at the five-tunnel area side wall is 25.00 mm, length is 7.50 m, spacing is 1 m× 1.5 m, and the shotcrete thickness is 0.15 m. The feedback analyses show that the optimization feedback method of large underground cavern anchor parameters is reasonable and reliable, which has important guiding significance for ensuring the stability of large underground caverns and for saving project investment.

关键词： random weight particle swarm optimization least squares support vector machine large undergrotmd cavern anchor oarameters optimization feedback rock-ooint safety factor

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