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The urgent need to develop a new grassland map in China:based on the consistency and accuracy of ten land cover products

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第2期66卷 385-405页

作者： Mengjing Hou Jing Ge Yangjing Xiu Baoping Meng Jie Liu Qisheng Feng Tiangang Liang State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry InnovationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland IndustryMinistry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China institute of fragile eco-environment Nantong UniversityNantong 226007China

Grasslands are the most dominant terrestrial ecosystem in China, but few national grassland maps have been generated. The grassland resource map produced in the 1980s is widely used as background data, but it has not been updated for almost 40 ***, a reliable map depicting the current spatial distribution of grasslands across the country is urgently needed. In this study, we evaluated the grassland consistency and accuracy of ten land cover datasets(GLC2000, GlobCover, CCI-LC,MCD12Q1, CLUD, GlobeLand30, GLC-FCS30, CGLS-LC100, CLCD, and FROM-GLC) for 2000, 2010, and 2020 based on extensive fieldwork. We concluded that the area of these ten grassland products ranges from 107.80×10^(4)to 332.46×10^(4)km^(2), with CLCD and MCD12Q1 having the highest area consistency. The spatial and sample consistency is highest in the regions of eastcentral Inner Mongolia, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and northern Xinjiang, while the distribution of southern grasslands is scattered and differs considerably among the ten products. MCD12Q1 is significantly more accurate than the other nine products,with an overall accuracy(OA) reaching 77.51% and a kappa coefficient of 0.51;CLCD is slightly less accurate than MCD12Q1(OA=73.02%, kappa coefficient=0.45) and is more conducive to the fine monitoring and management of grassland because of its30-meter resolution. The highest accuracy of grassland was found in the Inner Mongolia-Ningxia region and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, while the accuracy was worst in the southeastern region. In the future grassland mapping, cartographers should improve the accuracy of the grassland distribution in South China and regions where grassland is confused with forest, cropland and bare land. We specify the availability of valuable data in existing land cover datasets for China’s grasslands and call for researchers and the government to actively produce a new generation of grassland maps.

关键词： grassland land use and land cover MCD12Q1 CLCD consistency comparison accuracy assessment

Cultivated-land change in Mu Us Sandy Land of China before and after the first-stage grain-for-green policy

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2018年第4期10卷 347-353页

作者： Na Li ChangZhen Yan JiaLi Xie JianXia Ma Northwest institute of eco-environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences

Mu Us Sandy Land(MUSL) of China, as a typical eco-fragile and farming-pastoral transitional region, shows great vulnerability to disturbances from cultivation activity. In this region, the conflict between cultivation activity and environmental protection has not attracted great importance until the implementation of China's Grain-for-Green Policy(CGGP) since2000. Here, using Landsat5 TM/Landsat7 ETM+ images from 1990, 2000, and 2010, we monitor the cultivation activity and land-use/cover changes(LUCC) resulting from cultivation activity in the MUSL region. Based on the data from images, we developed a series of databases of cultivated activity-induced LUCC and use them to discuss comparatively the spatio-temporal evolution trends of cultivation activity before and after CGGP implementation. These results provide evidence for managers to evaluate the implementation effectiveness of governmental policy and the influence of cultivation activity on the ecological environment of the MUSL region.

关键词： Mu Us Sandy Land China's grain-for-green policy cultivated land land-use/cover change landsat

Seasonal variation and sources of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a background site on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 524-532页

作者： Xuemei Wu Weijun Sun Baojuan Huai LeiWang Chuntan Han Yetang Wang Wenying Mi College of Geography and environment Shandong Normal UniversityJinan 250014China Qilian Alpine ecology and Hydrology Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China MINJIE institute of environmental Science and Health Research Geesthacht 21502Germany

The study of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in northeastern Tibetan Plateau with fragile ecological environment and complex atmospheric circulation system is blank. To understand the characteristics and sources of persistent organic pollutants in the atmosphere of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we monitored levels in the central Qilian Mountain. From 2016 to 2017, we collected 45-pair(particle + gas) samples using active air samplers to investigate the sources, transport paths, and their influencing *** of PAHs were analysed with a source diagnostic model, and atmospheric transport paths were calculated. The concentration range for Σ15PAHs was 439–4666 pg/m^(3), and the average was 2015 pg/m^(3). The PAHs in central Qilian Mountain are mainly low molecular weight(LMW) PAHs. Winter concentrations of PAHs were higher than those in summer. The transport of PAHs is mainly affected by westerlies, and there are seasonal differences. Source analysis showed that PAHs mainly came from coal and biomass combustion and vehicle emissions, with seasonal differences. This study clarifies the concentration and seasonal variation of PAHs in the northern Tibetan Plateau, which is conducive to understanding the atmospheric transport process and fate of pollutants. The background site of Qilian Mountains located in the Silk Road economic belt has the value and significance of longterm observation of pollutants.

关键词： Long-range atmospheric transport Seasonal variation concentration Meteorological factors Qilian Mountain

Coarse fragment content influences estimates of soil C and N stocks of alpine grassland on the northeastern edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2022年第2期14卷 100-108页

作者： Yu Qin ShuHua Yi JianJun Chen State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesNo.320 West Donggang RoadLanzhouGansu 730000China institute of fragile ecosystem and environment Nantong UniversityNo.999 Tongjing RoadNantongJiangsu 226007China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics No.12 Jiangan RoadGuilinGuangxi 541004China

Soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)stocks are usually calculated with samples collected using core *** the calculation considers the effects of gravel in soil samples,other coarse fragments such as stones or boulders in soil may not be collected due to the restricted diameter of core *** would cause an incorrect estimation of soil bulk density and ultimately SOC and TN *** this study,we compared the relative volume of coarse fragment and bulk density of fine earth determined by large size soil sampler with three core *** also investigated the uncertainties in estimation of SOC and TN stocks caused by this soil sampler procedure in three typical alpine grasslands on the northeast edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP),*** show that(1)the relative volume and size of coarse fragment collected by large size sampler were significantly(p<0.05)higher and larger than those of core samplers,while bulk density of fine earth,SOC and TN stocks show opposite patterns in all grassland types;(2)SOC and TN stocks determined by core samplers were 17%-45%and 18%-46%higher than larger size sampler for three typical alpine grasslands;and(3)bulk density of fine earth,SOC and TN stocks exponentially decreased with the increasing of coarse fragment *** concluded that core sampler methods significantly underestimated the volume occupied by coarse fragment but overestimated SOC and TN ***,corrections should be made to the results from core samplers using large size samplers on regions with gravel and stone-rich soils in future studies.

关键词： coarse fragment sampler size soil C alpine grassland the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

An ecosystem services zoning framework for the permafrost regions of China

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2019年第2期10卷 92-98页

作者： XU Ling-Xing YANG De-Wei WU Tong-Hua YI Shu-Hua FANG Yi-Ping XIAO Cun-De LIN Hao-Xi HUANG Jin-Chuan Claudien HABIMANA SIMBI Key Laboratory of Urban environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China College o f Resources and environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academ of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China institute of fragile ecosystem and environment Nantong University Nantong 226007 China School of Geographic Sciences Nantong University Nantong 226007 China institute of Mountain Hazards & environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 61004L China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The degradation of the permafrost regions, resulting from intensive anthropogenic activities and global warming, has led to the loss of ecosystem services and is threating human well-being. Nevertheless, the real ecosystem service values and their complete zoning system in the permafrost regions have received insufficient attention. Research gaps between the identification of permafrost-based ecosystem services and ecosystem management are seriously constraining the development of cryospheric science. Thus, an ecosystem service zoning framework that links ecosystem services with human welfares is proposed to solve the abovementioned challenges in the permafrost regions of China. The three tiered zoning framework for ecosystem services, consisting of zoning goals, principles, hierarchy, methodology, and nomenclature, is proposed for the permafrost regions of China. A combined method, i.e., GIS spatial tools, the location entropy analysis model, and ecosystem services assessment, was employed to distinguish ecosystem conditions, ecosystem service supply, and beneficiaries into these three-grade ecosystem service zones. Hierarchical and dynamic zoning could clarify protection priorities of ecosystems and ecosystem services in terms of regions, grades, and types. The framework could contribute to sustainable management of ecosystem services in the cryosphere.

关键词： Demand ecosystem services ecological zoning Permafrost Supply

Variations of precipitation characteristics during the period 1960–2014 in the Source Region of the Yellow River,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第3期10卷 388-401页

作者： Mudassar IQBAL WEN Jun WANG Shaoping TIAN Hui Muhammad ADNAN Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China College of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information Technology Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610225 China Division of Hydrology Water-Land Resources in Cold and Arid Regions Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Precipitation, a natural feature of weather systems in the Earth, is vitally important for the environment of any region. Under global climate change condition, the characteristics of precipitation have changed as a consequence of enhanced global hydrological cycle. The source region of the Yellow River（SRYR）, locating within the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is sensitive to the global climate change due to its complex orography and fragile ecosystem. To understand the precipitation characteristics and its impacts on the environment in the region, we studied the characteristics of rainy days and precipitation amount of different precipitation classes, such as light（0–5 and 5–10 mm）, moderate（10–15, 15–20 and 20–25 mm） and heavy（≥25 mm） rains by analyzing the precipitation data of typical meteorological stations in the SRYR during the period 1961–2014, as well as the trends of persistent rainfall events and drought events. Results showed that annual average precipitation in this area had a non-significant（P〉0.05） increasing trend, and 82.5% of the precipitation occurred from May to September. Rainy days of the 0–5 mm precipitation class significantly decreased, whereas the rainy days of 5–10, 10–15, and 20–25 mm precipitation classes increased and that of ≥25 mm precipitation class decreased insignificantly. The persistent rainfall events of 1-or 2-day and more than 2-day showed an increasing trend, with the 1-or 2-day events being more frequent. Meanwhile, the number of short drought periods（≤10 days） increased while long drought periods（〉10 days） decreased. Since the 0–5 mm precipitation class had a huge impact on the grasslands productivity; the 5–10, 10–15, and 20–25 mm precipitation classes had positive effects on vegetation which rely on the deep soil water through moving nutrients and water into the root zone of these vegetation or through the plant-microbe interactions; the ≥25 mm precipitation class contributed to the floods; and more persistent rainfall events and

关键词： precipitation characteristics climate change ecosystem water resources vegetation source region of theYellow River

Influence of proximity to the Qinghai-Tibet highway and railway on variations of soil heavy metal concentrations and bacterial community diversity on the Tibetan Plateau

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2019年第6期11卷 407-418页

作者： Xia Zhao JunFeng Wang Yun Wang Xiang Lu ShaoFang Liu YuBao Zhang ZhiHong Guo ZhongKui Xie RuoYu Wang Gaolan Station of Agricultural and ecological Experiment Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province LanzhouGansu 730000China State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China

An understanding of soil microbial communities is crucial in roadside soil environmental *** 16S rRNA se quencing of a stressed microbial community in soil adjacent to the Qinghai-Tibet Highway(QTH)revealed that the accu mulation of heavy metals(over about 10 years)has affected the diversity of bacterial abundance and microbial community *** proximity of a sampling site to the QTH/Qinghai-Tibet Railway(QTR),which is effectively a measure of the density of human engineering,was the dominant factor influencing bacterial community *** diversity of bacterial communities shows that 16S rRNA gene abundance decreased in relation to proximity to the QTH and QTR in both alpine wetland and meadow *** dominant phyla across all samples were Actinobacteria and *** concentration of Cr and Cd in the soil were positively correlated with proximity to the QTH and QTR(MC/WC sam pling sites),and Ni,Co,and V were positively correlated with proximity to the QTH and QTR(MA/WA sampling sites).The results presented in this study provide an insight into the relationships among heavy metals and soil microbial commu nities,and have important implications for assessing and predicting the impacts of human-induced activities from the QTH and QTR in such an extreme and fragile environment.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet Highway (QTH) Qinghai-Tibet Railway (QTR) soil bacterial community alpine wetland alpine meadow heavy metal

Modeling the carbon dynamics of alpine grassland in the Qinghai-TibetanPlateau under scenarios of 1.5 and 2 ℃ global warming

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2019年第2期10卷 80-91页

作者： YI Shu-Hua XIANG Bo MENG Bao-Ping WU Xiao-Dong DING Yong-Jian Instiute o f fragile ecosystem and environment Nantong University Nantong 226007 China of Geographic Sciences Nantong University Nantong 226007 China State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China Chongqing Climate Center Chongqing 401147 China Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Lanzhou 730000 China Key Laboratory of ecohydrology of Inland River Basin Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China University of Chinese Academy Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Alpine grassland occupies two-thirds of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). It is vital to project changes of this vulnerable ecosystem under different climate change scenarios before taking any mitigation or adaptation measures. In this study, we used a process-based ecosystem model, driven with output from global circulation models under different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), to project the carbon dynamics of alpine grassland. The results showed the following: 1) Vegetation carbon (C) on the QTP increased by 22—38 gC m^-2 during periods of 1.5 and 2 ℃ warming under different RCPs when compared to the baseline period (1981—2006), while soil C increased by 85—122 gC m^-2. 2) The increases of vegetation C and soil C at the period of 1.5 ℃ warming were about 15 gC m^-2 and 40 gC m^-2 smaller than those at the period of 2 ℃ warming, respectively;increase of C was greater for alpine meadow than for alpine steppe. 3) Precipitation, radiation, and permafrost changed significantly and showed heterogeneous spatial patterns, and caused heterogeneous response of C dynamics. For alpine meadow in regions transformed from permafrost to seasonally frozen soil with medium annual precipitation (200—400 mm), vegetation C and net primary production decreased by 18.7 gC m-2 and 3.1 gC m^-2 per year during 2 °C warming under RCP 4.5, respectively. This decrease can be attributed to the disappearing impermeable permafrost. Different from previous studies that indicated an unfavorable response of alpine grassland to climate warming, this study showed a relatively favorable response, which is mainly attributed to C 0 2 fertilization.

关键词： Permafrost Terrestrial ecosystem model Vegetation Soil Net primary production

The status evaluation of the permafrost environment along the Chaida'er-Muli Railway in southern Qilian Mountains in northern Qinghai Province,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第12期13卷 2124-2134页

作者： CAO Wei SHENG Yu CHOU Ya-ling WU Ji-chun LI Jing WANG Sheng-ting State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in Civil Engineering of Gansu Province Lanzhou University of Technology

Engineering construction has major influence on the permafrost *** paper analyzes the interaction between engineering construction and permafrost environment along the Chaidaer-Muli Railway(simply,CMR) based on the press-state-response(PSR) *** permafrost environmental system is divided into three subsystems,consisting of permafrost thermal stability,proneness to the freeze-thawing erosion and permafrost ecological *** subsystem considers its most important influencing *** Progression Method(CPM) is applied to calculate the current environment condition along the *** result indicates that:(1) as far as the thermal stability is concerned,most sections along the CMR are mainly concentrated in rank Ⅲ(fair situation),and a few in Ⅱ(good situation) and Ⅳ(bad situation),respectively;(2) for the proneness tothe freeze-thawing erosion,the entire railway route falls largely in rank Ⅱ(good situation);(3) along the CMR,the ecological fragility of the permafrost environment is in rank Ⅱ(good situation),or slightly fragile;(4) overall,the permafrost environments along the CMR are in rank Ⅲ(fair situation) or Ⅱcondition(good situation).In general,the permafrost environment along the CMR is *** is mainly because a series of active measures of protecting permafrost were taken for stabilizing the CMR foundation *** the one hand,we should try our best to minimize the influences that engineering activities have exerted on ecology and environment,on the other hand,the positive measures have made improvements to prevent the permafrost environment from deterioration.

关键词： Permafrost environment Press-stateresponse framework Catastrophe theory Chaida'erMu Railway environmental impact