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Projecting Spring Consecutive Rainfall Events in the Three Gorges Reservoir Based on Triple-Nested Dynamical Downscaling

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第8期41卷 1539-1558页

作者： Yanxin ZHENG Shuanglin LI Noel KEENLYSIDE Shengping HE Lingling SUO Department of Atmospheric Science CMA-CUG Joint Centre for Severe Weather and Climate and Hydro-geological HazardsChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China institute of Atmospheric physics and Climate Change Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Three Gorges National Climatological Observatory Yichang 443099China Geophysical institute University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate ResearchBergen 5007Norway Nansen environmental and remote sensing Center and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Bergen 5007Norway Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Spring consecutive rainfall events(CREs) are key triggers of geological hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir area(TGR), China. However, previous projections of CREs based on the direct outputs of global climate models(GCMs) are subject to considerable uncertainties, largely caused by their coarse resolution. This study applies a triple-nested WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting) model dynamical downscaling, driven by a GCM, MIROC6(Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, version 6), to improve the historical simulation and reduce the uncertainties in the future projection of CREs in the TGR. Results indicate that WRF has better performances in reproducing the observed rainfall in terms of the daily probability distribution, monthly evolution and duration of rainfall events, demonstrating the ability of WRF in simulating CREs. Thus, the triple-nested WRF is applied to project the future changes of CREs under the middle-of-the-road and fossil-fueled development scenarios. It is indicated that light and moderate rainfall and the duration of continuous rainfall spells will decrease in the TGR, leading to a decrease in the frequency of CREs. Meanwhile, the duration, rainfall amount, and intensity of CREs is projected to regional increase in the central-west TGR. These results are inconsistent with the raw projection of MIROC6. Observational diagnosis implies that CREs are mainly contributed by the vertical moisture advection. Such a synoptic contribution is captured well by WRF, which is not the case in MIROC6,indicating larger uncertainties in the CREs projected by MIROC6.

关键词： triple-nested downscaling Three Gorges Reservoir area consecutive rainfall events geological hazards projection

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Global assessment of terrestrial productivity in response to water stress

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Science Bulletin 2024年第15期69卷 2352-2356页

作者： Qi Liu Huadong Guo Jiahua Zhang Shijie Li Ji Li Fengmei Yao Miguel D.Mahecha Jian Peng School of Computer Engineering Jiangsu University of TechnologyChangzhou 213001China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Department of remote sensing Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchUFZLeipzig 04318Germany remote sensing Centre for Earth System Research Leipzig UniversityLeipzig 04103Germany Aerospace Information Research institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China remote sensing and Digital Earth Center School of Computer Science and TechnologyQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China Key Laboratory of Earth Observation of Hainan Province Hainan Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesSanya 572000China School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig 04103Germany

In recent decades, climate warming has led to an increase in atmospheric water demand, a potential reduction in soil moisture and a rise in the frequency and intensity of droughts. This has intensified the effects of water stress on plants, leading to more vegetated areas experiencing water stress [1,2]. Soil moisture (SM)and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) are considered the two main factors that exert water stress on vegetation activity and terrestrial productivity, thereby affecting the global carbon cycle [3].

关键词： soil moisture terrestrial

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Quantification of CO2 Emissions from Three Power Plants in China Using OCO-3 Satellite Measurements

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第11期 2276-2288页

作者： Yang YANG Minqiang ZHOU Wei WANG Zijun NING Feng ZHANG Pucai WANG College of Data Science Jiaxing University LAGEO Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Ecological Forecasting and remote sensing Center CNRC Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences/institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan University

Coal-fired power plants are a major carbon source in China. In order to assess the evaluation of China's carbon reduction progress with the promise made on the Paris Agreement, it is crucial to monitor the carbon flux intensity from coal-fired power plants. Previous studies have calculated CO2emissions from point sources based on Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 and-3（OCO-2 and OCO-3） satellite measurements, but the factors affecting CO2flux estimations are uncertain. In this study, we employ a Gaussian Plume Model to estimate CO2emissions from three power plants in China based on OCO-3 XCO2measurements. Moreover, flux uncertainties resulting from wind information, background values,satellite CO2measurements, and atmospheric stability are discussed. This study highlights the CO2flux uncertainty derived from the satellite measurements. Finally, satellite-based CO2emission estimates are compared to bottom-up *** satellite-based CO2emission estimates at the Tuoketuo and Nongliushi power plants are ～30 and ～10 kt d-1smaller than the Open-Data Inventory for Anthropogenic Carbon dioxide（ODIAC） respectively, but ～10 kt d-1larger than the ODIAC at Baotou.

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Assessing the Performance of CMIP6 Models in Simulating Droughts across Global Drylands

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 193-208页

作者： Xiaojing YU Lixia ZHANG Tianjun ZHOU Jianghua ZHENG LASG Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Geography&remote sensing Sciences Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China

Both the attribution of historical change and future projections of droughts rely heavily on climate modeling. However,reasonable drought simulations have remained a challenge, and the related performances of the current state-of-the-art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6(CMIP6) models remain unknown. Here, both the strengths and weaknesses of CMIP6 models in simulating droughts and corresponding hydrothermal conditions in drylands are *** the general patterns of simulated meteorological elements in drylands resemble the observations, the annual precipitation is overestimated by ~33%(with a model spread of 2.3%–77.2%), along with an underestimation of potential evapotranspiration(PET) by ~32%(17.5%–47.2%). The water deficit condition, measured by the difference between precipitation and PET, is 50%(29.1%–71.7%) weaker than observations. The CMIP6 models show weaknesses in capturing the climate mean drought characteristics in drylands, particularly with the occurrence and duration largely underestimated in the hyperarid Afro-Asian areas. Nonetheless, the drought-associated meteorological anomalies, including reduced precipitation, warmer temperatures, higher evaporative demand, and increased water deficit conditions, are reasonably reproduced. The simulated magnitude of precipitation(water deficit) associated with dryland droughts is overestimated by 28%(24%) compared to observations. The observed increasing trends in drought fractional area,occurrence, and corresponding meteorological anomalies during 1980–2014 are reasonably reproduced. Still, the increase in drought characteristics, associated precipitation and water deficit are obviously underestimated after the late 1990s,especially for mild and moderate droughts, indicative of a weaker response of dryland drought changes to global warming in CMIP6 models. Our results suggest that it is imperative to employ bias correction approaches in drought-related studies over drylands by using CMIP6 o

关键词： droughts hydrothermal conditions drylands CMIP6 model evaluation

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Magnetized magma intrusions being sources of a weak and a strong lunar magnetic anomaly revealed by 3D distribution of magnetization

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Earth and Planetary physics 2024年第5期8卷 711-727页

作者： HongYi Wang Shuo Yao ZeLin Li Liang Hui Guo Jing Yang ChangLi Yao Yuan Fang ZhaoJin Rong School of Geophysics and Information Technology Research Center of Lunar and Planetary Remote Sensing Exploration China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes (China University of Geosciences Beijing) Ministry of Education Hebei University of Engineering Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary physics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

In this work, we aim to investigate the origin of the magnetic carriers in the lunar crust and the intensity of the ancient dynamo field. The magnetization and depth range of magnetic carriers are studied under a weak and a strong magnetic anomaly in Mare Tranquillitatis and in Oceanus Procellarum, respectively, where the surface ages are 3.6 and 3.3 billion years. A sophisticated threedimensional amplitude inversion software program from a geophysical survey is used to reconstruct the distributions of magnetization in the lunar crust. Because no globally measured surface magnetic field exists for the Moon, a crustal magnetic anomaly model with a grid resolution of 0.2° is used. The depth range of the magnetic source is fixed by the boundary identified by a relative criterion, which is 20%of the recovered maximum magnetization. The central burial depths of the magnetic carriers are approximately 15 km and 25 km under Reiner Gamma and Mare Tranquillitatis, respectively. The volumes of the two magnetic sources are at scales of 104 and 105 km3,respectively. The aforementioned differences may imply a hotter crust under Reiner Gamma than Mare Tranquillitatis by 3.3 billion *** results support the view that the magma intrusions magnetized by an ancient magnetic field could be the origin of magnetic anomalies under Reiner Gamma and Mare Tranquillitatis. Compared with previous works, the maximum magnetization of 3 A/m under Reiner Gamma supports the intensity of the field being several microteslas.

关键词： lunar magnetic anomaly 3D distribution of magnetization Reiner Gamma Mare Tranquillitatis

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Global convergence in terrestrial gross primary production response to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第9期67卷 2016-2025页

作者： Chao Huang Jingfeng Huang Jingfeng Xiao Xing Li Hong SHe Yu Liang Fusheng Chen Hanqin Tian Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed College of ForestryJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China institute of Applied remote sensing&Information Technology College of Environmental and Resource SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of Agricultural remote sensing and Information Systems Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Earth Systems Research Center Institute for the Study of EarthOceansand SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurham NH 03824USA Research institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea School of Natural Resources University of Missouri203 ABNR BuildingColumbiaMO 65211USA Schiller institute for Integrated Science and Society Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesBoston CollegeChestnut HillMA 02467USA

Atmospheric vapor pressure deficit(VPD)increases with climate warming and may limit plant ***,gross primary production(GPP)responses to VPD remain a mystery,offering a significant source of uncertainty in the estimation of global terrestrial ecosystems carbon *** this study,in-situ measurements,satellite-derived data,and Earth System Models(ESMs)simulations were analysed to show that the GPP of most ecosystems has a similar threshold in response to VPD:first increasing and then *** VPD exceeds these thresholds,atmospheric drought stress reduces soil moisture and stomatal conductance,thereby decreasing the productivity of terrestrial *** ESMs underscore CO_(2) fertilization effects but predict significant GPP decline in low-latitude ecosystems when VPD exceeds the *** results emphasize the impacts of climate warming on VPD and propose limitations to future ecosystems productivity caused by increased atmospheric water *** VPD,soil moisture,and canopy conductance interactions into ESMs enhances the prediction of terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change.

关键词： atmospheric water demands soil moisture stomatal conductance photosynthesis climate warming

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A visible-light-assisted Pd/TiO_(2)gas sensor with carbon nanotubes electrodes for trace formaldehyde detection

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 257-266页

作者： Can Liu Qiao-Qiao Zou Bin Liu Yong Zhang School of physics and Optoelectronics Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China Hunan institute of Advanced sensing and Information Technology Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China School of Materials Science and Engineering Xiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China

Owing to the ppb-level detection standard toward the toxic and harmful gas,the detection of trace gases has become an important subject in the field of indoor environment ***,the traditional resistive gas sensors hardly meet the requirement due to the weak signal generated by trace gas molecules that are difficult to ***,a visible-light-assisted Pd/TiO_(2)gas sensor is proposed to endow the effective detection of trace formaldehyde(HCHO)gas without heating *** from the enhanced photocatalytic properties of TiO_(2)by Pd decoration,the visible-light-assisted Pd/TiO_(2)gas sensor can detect the HCHO gas as low as80×10^(–9)at room *** successful preparation of nanoscale TiO_(2)sensing layer is facilitated by the ultrathin carbon nanotube interdigital electrode in the gas sensor,which avoids the discontinuity of the sensing layer caused by the excessive thickness of the traditional metal *** addition,the whole preparation process of the Pd/TiO_(2)gas sensor with carbon nanotube electrodes is compatible with mainstream CMOS fabrication technology,which is expected to realize the batch fabrication and micro-integrated application of gas *** is expected that our work can provide a new strategy for the batch preparation of high-performance trace HCHO gas sensors and their future applications in portable electronic devices such as smartphones.

关键词： Visible-light-assisted gas sensor Pd/TiO_(2) Trace HCHO detection Carbon nanotubes electrodes

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Stable Cycling of All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by Salt Engineering of PEO-Based Polymer Electrolytes

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Energy & environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 71-78页

作者： Lujuan Liu Tong Wang Li Sun Tinglu Song Hao Yan Chunli Li Daobin Mu Jincheng Zheng Yang Dai Department of Chemical Engineering Shanghai University School of Material Science & Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Department of physics Xiamen University

Poly（ethylene oxide）(PEO)-based polymer electrolytes show the prospect in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries;however,they present limitations of low room-temperature ionic conductivity,and interfacial incompatibility with high voltage ***,a salt engineering of 1,1,2,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonimide lithium salt（LiHFDF）/LiTFSI system was developed in PEO-based electrolyte,demonstrating to effectively regulate Li ion transport and improve the interfacial stability under high *** show,by manipulating the interaction between PEO matrix and TFSI--HFDF-,the optimized solid-state polymer electrolyte achieves maximum Li+conduction of 1.24×10-4S cm-1at 40℃,which is almost 3 times of the ***,the optimized polymer electrolyte demonstrates outstanding stable cycling in the LiFePO4/Li and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2/Li（3.0-4.4 V,200 cycles） based all-solid-state lithium batteries at 40℃.

关键词： all-solid-state battery high voltage li-ion conductivity molecular interaction poly(ethylene oxide)

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Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 174-184页

作者： Qiaozhi Zha Diego Aliaga Radovan Krejci Victoria A.Sinclair Cheng Wu Giancarlo Ciarelli Wiebke Scholz Liine Heikkinen Eva Partoll Yvette Gramlich Wei Huang Markus Leiminger Joonas Enroth Otso Per?kyl? Runlong Cai Xuemeng Chen Alkuin Maximilian Koenig Fernando Velarde Isabel Moreno Tuukka Pet?j? Paulo Artaxo Paolo Laj Armin Hansel Samara Carbone Markku Kulmala Marcos Andrade Douglas Worsnop Claudia Mohr Federico Bianchi institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/physics University of Helsinki Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences Nanjing University Department of environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg institute for Ion and Applied physics University of Innsbruck Ionicon Analytik GmbH Laboratory for Atmospheric physics Institute for Physics Research Universidad Mayor de San Andrés institute of physics University of Sao Paulo institute for Geosciences and environmental Research (IGE) University of Grenoble Alpes Agrarian Sciences institute Federal University of Uberl?ndia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Maryland Aerodyne Research Inc. Department of environmental System Science ETH Zürich Switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

New particle formation(NPF) in the tropical free troposphere(FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules(OOMs)produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOMs measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase(in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.

关键词： oxidized organic molecules tropical aerosol formation Amazon free troposphere

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Efficient spectral single-pixel imaging via Morton frequency-domain scanning [Invited]

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第6期22卷 8-14页

作者： Zi-Dong Zhao Zhao-Hua Yang Zhi-Hao Zhao Ling-An Wu Yuan-Jin Yu School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China institute of physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Automation MIIT Key Laboratory of Complex-field Intelligent SensingBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing institute of Technology Jiaxing 314019China

Single-pixel imaging (SPI) captures two-dimensional images utilizing a sequence of modulation patterns and measurements recorded by a single-pixel detector. However, the sequential measurement of a scene is time-consuming, especially for high-spatial-resolution imaging. Furthermore, for spectral SPI, the enormous data storage and processing time requirements substantially diminish imaging efficiency. To reduce the required number of patterns, we propose a strategy by optimizing a Hadamard pattern sequence via Morton frequency domain scanning to enhance the quality of a reconstructed spectral cube at low sampling rates. Additionally, we expedite spectral cube reconstruction, eliminating the necessity for a large Hadamard matrix. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through both simulation and experiment,achieving sub-Nyquist sampling of a three-dimensional spectral cube with a spatial resolution of 256×256 pixels and181 spectral bands and a reduction in reconstruction time by four orders of magnitude. Consequently, our method offers an efficient solution for compressed spectral imaging.

关键词： single-pixel imaging spectral imaging optimized Hadamard basis

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