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Utilization of human excrement in pre-modern China,its theoretical interpretations and ecological significance

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 1-5页

作者： Xin-Hao Du Yuan-Ming Song Ji-An Cai Yong-Guan Zhu institute for the History of Natural Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science&Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Faculty of History Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Research Center for Eco environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

The use of human excrement as fertilizer is a characteristic of traditional Chinese agriculture..The application of excrement from urban residents in agriculture since the Song Dynasty has ensured the cleanliness and hygiene of *** early as the Ming Dynasty,the Chinese people defined the principle of fertilizing fields with human excrement from the perspective of *** concept Peri-URban ecosystems(PURE)provides inspiration forurban-rural symbiosis regarding *** use of human excrement in fertilization is a major attribute differentiating the Chinese traditional agriculture from the agriculture in other regions around the *** the fact that the exact record showing that human excrement was used as fertilizer in China emerged in the Western Han Dynasty(B.C.202-A.D.8),such records did not become prevalent until the Southern Song Dynasty(A.D.1127-1279).In the Ming and Qing eras(A.D.1368-1912),human excrement was even considered"top-class fertilizerand servedas themost essential fertilizerin farmland *** importance of human excrement in the Ming and Qing was mainly reflected by farmers'purchase of human excrement from urban *** fertilization practices became increasingly popular during the period,men of letters built a localized theoretical system centering on human *** the use of human excrement had both positive and negative impacts on public health and the ecological environment,the positive overshadowed the negativeas a ***,it is worth pondering on how the utilization of human excrement as an agricultural resource can be improved so that a material cycle system can be rebuilt to re-connect the urban and rural areas.

关键词： excrement fertilizer theorization urban and rural ecology public health

Erratum to:Efficient flexible perovskite solar cells and modules using a stable SnO_(2)-nanocrystal isopropanol dispersion

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 4641-4642页

作者： Zhiwei Su Jing Li Ruixuan Jiang Shujie Zhang Chengkai Jin Feng Ye Bingcan Ke Mengjun Zhou Jinhui Tong Hyesung Park Fuzhi Huang Yi-Bing Cheng Tongle Bu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China School of Material Science and engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Department of Materials Science and engineering Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices EngineeringGraduate School of Carbon NerutralityLow Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsan 44919Republic of Korea Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratry Foshan 528200China

Erratum to Nano Research,2024,17(4):2704-2711 https://***/10.1007/s12274-023-6115-y(1)In the article,the table of contents(TOC)image was unfortunately mispresented.

关键词： perovskite dispersion modules

Laser-induced stretchable bioelectronic interfaces by frozen exfoliation

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第8期7卷 1-4页

作者： Xiaowei Li Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory School of Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Highly stretchable laser-induced graphene-hydrogel film interfaces in flexible electronic materials are fabricated by frozen exfoliation,and exhibit high stretchability,durability,and design *** technology offers an advanced technological pathway for manufacturing highly flexible *** can be utilized in numerous complex surface applications,providing an advanced technological pathway for manufacturing highly flexible substrates in the future.

关键词： electronic durability utilized

不同尺寸橡胶/帘线H型拉拔试验界面参数的归一化处理评价方法

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第3期40卷 99-108页

作者：王琮文肖驰代玉静王君马寒松郇勇郇彦 State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics(LNM) Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China School of Aerospace engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry and Polymer Composite engineering Laboratory Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022China

H型拉拔试验被广泛应用于橡胶/帘线复合材料界面粘结强度的估算.然而,目前的国际标准只要求在橡胶/帘线H型拉拔试验中记录拔出力的大小,并强调从不同尺寸的样品中获得的结果不具有可比性.在本文中,我们研究了不同尺寸橡胶/帘线试验样品... 详细信息

H型拉拔试验被广泛应用于橡胶/帘线复合材料界面粘结强度的估算.然而,目前的国际标准只要求在橡胶/帘线H型拉拔试验中记录拔出力的大小,并强调从不同尺寸的样品中获得的结果不具有可比性.在本文中,我们研究了不同尺寸橡胶/帘线试验样品的H拔出结果的可比性,并提出了一种归一化的评价方法来处理这些结果.分别对尺寸为5 mm、6.4 mm、10 mm的试验样品进行橡胶/帘线H拉拔试验(尺寸为7.5 mm、8.5 mm的试件结果作为支撑性试验).在试验结果的基础上,采用有限元法内聚单元模型对界面粘结强度进行了分析,所得出的内聚力参数比国际标准中所规定的拔出力更能准确地反映界面粘结性能.因此,采用内聚单元法能够更合理地比较不同橡胶/帘线试样的界面粘结强度.我们首先基于6.4 mm尺寸样品的试验结果建立有限元模型,并确定满足条件的内聚单元参数,然后将其应用于其他尺寸的样品模型.尽管试验样品的尺寸大小在变化,但在保持内聚单元参数不变的前提下,模拟结果与试验结果仍然保持良好的一致性,这表明内聚参数不受样本尺寸的影响.在此基础上,我们提出了一种归一化方法,使不同尺寸样品的橡胶/帘线H拉拔试验的结果具有了可比性.本文提出的归一化方法是对现有国际、国内标准实验方法的扩展.

关键词： Rubber Composites Finite element method Cohesive elements H pull-out test

Study of interfacial transition zones between magnesium phosphate cement and Portland cement concrete pavement

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation engineering(English Edition) 2024年第3期11卷 523-537页

作者： Fei Liu Baofeng Pan Changjun Zhou Ge Li Xiaocun Wang Jiaquan Li Faculty of Infrastructure engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Tongren City Transportation Bureau Tongren 554300China Beijing Civil Aviation Design and Research institute of China Design Group Beijing 101318China

The Portland cement concrete pavement(PCCP)often suffers from different environmental distresses and vehicle load failure,resulting in slab corner fractures,potholes,and other *** repair has become one of the effective ways to open traffic *** this study,a novel type of rapid repair material,basalt fiber reinforced polymer modified magnesium phosphate cement(BFPMPC),is used to rapidly repair ***,the mechanical properties and characteristics of the repair interfaces which are named interfacial transition zones(ITZs)formed by BFPMPC and cement concrete are focused on as a decisive factor for the performance of the rapid *** changing trend of the elastic moduli was studied by nanoindentation experiments in the ITZs with the deconvolution analysis that the elastic moduli of certain kinds of substances can be *** experimental results show that the elastic modulus of ITZ-1 with a width of about20μm can be regarded as 0.098 times of the aggregate,and 0.51 times of the ordinary Portland cement(OPC)*** BFPMPC-OPC mortar ITZ has roughly the same mechanical properties as the ITZ between aggregate and BFPMPC.A multi-scale representative two-dimensional model was established by random aggregate and a two-dimensional extended finite element method(XFEM)to study the mechanical properties of the repair *** simulation results show that the ITZ formed by the interface of BFPMPC and OPC mortar and basalt aggregate is the most vulnerable to failure,which is consistent with the nano-indentation experimental results.

关键词： Portland cement concrete pavement Interfacial transition zone Magnesium phosphate cement Repair interface Nanoindentation Mechanical properties and characteristics

Design and fabrication of compound varifocal lens driven by polydimethylsiloxane film elastic deformation

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 342-346页

作者：缪文浩韩泽峰赵瑞梁忠诚寇松峰徐荣青 Center of Optofluidic Technology College of Optoelectronic EngineeringNanjing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNanjing 210023China Astronomical Observatories/Nanjing institute of Astronomical Optics&Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Nanjing 210042China CAS Key Laboratory of Astronomical Optics&Technology Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics&TechnologyNanjing 210042China

A compound varifocal lens based on electromagnetic drive technology is designed and fabricated, where the polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS) film acts as a driving component, while the PDMS biconvex lens and the plane-concave lens form a coaxial compound lens system. The plane-concave lens equipped with driving coils is installed directly above the PDMS lens surrounded by the annular magnet. When different currents are applied, the annular magnet moves up and down, driving the PDMS film to undergo elastic deformation, and then resulting in longitudinal movement of the PDMS lens. The position change of the PDMS lens changes the focal length of the compound lens system. To verify the feasibility and practicability of this design, a prototype of our compound lens system is fabricated in experiment. Our proposed compound lens shows that its zoom ability reaches 9.28 mm when the current ranges from -0.20 A to 0.21 A.

关键词： compound varifocal lens PDMS film elastic deformation focal length electromagnetic force zoom ability

Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in healthcare Waste Incinerators’ Bottom Ash from Five County Hospitals in Kenya

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Journal of environmental Protection 2024年第3期15卷 318-337页

作者： Muriithi Jackson Githinji Paul Mwangi Njogu Zipporah Nganga Mohamed Karama institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya institute of Energy and environmental Technology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Academic Research and Student Affairs South Eastern Kenya University Kitui Kenya Public health and Epidemiology Umma University Kajiado Kenya

health-care waste contains potentially harmful microorganisms and compounds which can infect and affect hospital patients, healthcare workers, the general public and environment. Therefore, management of health care waste requires safe handling, treatment and disposal procedures. While incineration reduces the volume and quantity of waste for final disposal, it leads to the production of fly and bottom ashes laden with toxic incomplete combustion products such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), dioxins, furans and heavy metals. This exposes workers who handle and dispose the bottom ashes, hospital patients, the general public and environment. The goal of this study was to determine the total and individual levels of 16 most prevalent and toxic PAHs. Bottom ash samples were collected from incinerators in five county hospitals in Kenya, namely;Moi-Voi, Narok, Kitale, Makindu and Isiolo. Bottom ash samples were collected over a period of six months from the five hospitals. The samples were then sieved, homogenised and stored at 4°C in amber coloured glass containers. The PAHs were extracted using 30 ml of a hexane-acetone solvent (1:1) mixture by ultrasonication at room temperature (23°C) for 45 minutes. The PAHs were then analyzed with a GC-MS spectrophotometer model (Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010 SE) connected to a computer work station was used for the PAHs analysis. The GC-MS was equipped with an SGE BPX5 GC capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) for the separation of compounds. Helium was used as the carrier gas at a flow rate of 15.5 ml/minute and 14.5 psi. 1 μl of the sample was injected at 280°C, split mode (10:1). The oven programming was set for a total runtime of 40 minutes, which included: 100°C (2-minute hold);10°C /min rise to 200°C;7°C /min rise to 249°C;3°C /min rise to 300°C (2-minute hold). The interface temperature was set at 290°C. Analysis was done in Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode and the peak areas of each of the PAHs were collected from

关键词： PAHs GC-MS healthcare Wastes Disposal Incinerator Bottom Ash

Highly Differentiated Target Detection under Extremely Low-Light Conditions Based on Improved YOLOX Model

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Computer Modeling in engineering & Sciences 2024年第8期140卷 1507-1537页

作者： Haijian Shao Suqin Lei Chenxu Yan Xing Deng Yunsong Qi School of Computer Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang212003China Department of Electrical and Computer engineering University of NevadaLas VegasNV89154USA Zhejiang Geely Automobile Research institute Ningbo315336China

This paper expounds upon a novel target detection methodology distinguished by its elevated discriminatory efficacy,specifically tailored for environments characterized by markedly low luminance *** methodologies struggle with the challenges posed by luminosity fluctuations,especially in settings characterized by diminished radiance,further exacerbated by the utilization of suboptimal imaging *** envisioned approach mandates a departure from the conventional YOLOX model,which exhibits inadequacies in mitigating these *** enhance the efficacy of this approach in low-light conditions,the dehazing algorithm undergoes refinement,effecting a discerning regulation of the transmission rate at the pixel level,reducing it to values below 0.5,thereby resulting in an augmentation of image ***,the coiflet wavelet transform is employed to discern and isolate high-discriminatory attributes by dismantling low-frequency image attributes and extracting high-frequency attributes across divergent *** utilization of CycleGAN serves to elevate the features of low-light imagery across an array of stylistic *** computational methodologies are then employed to amalgamate and conflate intricate attributes originating from images characterized by distinct stylistic orientations,thereby augmenting the model’s erudition *** validation conducted on the PASCAL VOC and MS COCO 2017 datasets substantiates pronounced *** refined low-light enhancement algorithm yields a discernible 5.9%augmentation in the target detection evaluation index when compared to the original *** Average Precision(mAP)undergoes enhancements of 9.45%and 0.052%in low-light visual renditions relative to conventional YOLOX *** envisaged approach presents a myriad of advantages over prevailing benchmark methodologies in the realm of target detection within environments marked by an acute scarcity of lumi

关键词： Target detection extremely low-light wavelet transformation highly differentiated features YOLOX

Assessment of rural sustainable development and analysis and prediction of obstacles and coupled coordinated development:A case study of Zaozhuang City

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2024年第3期22卷 312-325页

作者： Xuesong Zhan Huize Zhang Yufei Zhao Yu He Dazheng Li Fang Wang Yufen Zhang Chaofeng Shao College of environmental Science and engineering Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Chinese Society for Sustainable Development Beijing 100036China

In China,the Innovation Demonstration Zone for the National Sustainable Development Agenda is a key initiative for executing the United Nations(UN)2030 Agenda for Sustainable *** Zone also plays critical roles in addressing the developmental bottlenecks that China faces and sharing Chinese insights into global sustainable development *** July 15,2022,the State Council endorsed the Zone’s establishment in Zaozhuang City,Shandong Province,where it focuses on innovation-led sustainable development in rural *** into the levels,impediments,interdependencies,and evolutionary trends of rural sustainable development is ***,this research aimed to assist in comprehensively assessing developmental challenges and facilitating the harmonious advancement of social,economic,and environmental aspects in rural *** pursuit of the three fundamental dimensions of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),namely development’s drivers,quality,and equity,this study was grounded in China’s national Rural Revitalization Strategy and the demands of sustainable development *** also aligns with the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the associated SDG *** on four key areas,namely production elements,natural elements,social elements,and rural governance,this study developed an evaluation index system for assessing the level of rural sustainable *** employed a range of analytical models,including the game theory-based combination empowerment method,barrier degree model,coupling degree model,coupling coordination degree model,and gray prediction GM(1,1)model,to analyze the status and evolving trends of rural sustainable development in Zaozhuang City from 2015 to *** key findings were as follows:①Relative to the baseline year 2015,the sustainable development level in Zaozhuang’s rural areas has shifted toward an improved state overall.②The primary barrier to achieving rural sustainable develop

关键词： Rural sustainable development Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) Barrier intensity Coupling coordination degree Forecast analysis