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Emerging insights into the function of very long chain fatty acids at cerebellar synapses

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1709-1710页

作者： Martin-Paul Agbaga Mohiuddin Ahmad Department of Cell Biology and Ophthalmology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Centerand Dean McGee Eye InstituteOklahoma CityOKUSA

Very long chain-saturated and-polyunsaturated fatty acids(VLC-SFA and VLC-PUFA, respectively) are a functionally important class of fatty acids containing 28 carbons or more in their acyl chain. They are synthesized by the elongation of very long fatty acids-4(ELOVL4) enzyme, expressed mainly in the brain, retina, skin, testes, and meibomian gland, where these fatty acids are found(Agbaga et al., 2008). Further, these organs exhibit tissuespecific VLC-PUFA and VLC-SFA biosynthesis and incorporation into complex lipids for specific functions. In the brain, skin, and Meibomian glands, the ELOVL4 mainly makes VLC-SFA, which are incorporated into complex sphingolipids. In the retina, the ELOVL4 makes VLC-PUFA that are incorporated into phosphatidylcholine, that are critical for visual function, while in testes and sperm, the VLC-PUFA are incorporated into sphingolipids that are critical for fertility(Yeboah et al., 2021).

关键词： functions function insight

Highly conductive and stable iodine doped argyrodite electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 50-58页

作者： Gaozhan Liu Jing Zhang Jing Yang Jinghui Chen Xingyue Xiao Xiayin Yao Ningbo institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Lithium argyrodites with high ionic conductivity and low cost are considered as one of the most prospective solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium ***,the poor chemical stability and compatibility with lithium metal limit their ***,Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.4I0.2solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity of 11.49 m S cm-1and improved chemical stability is synthesized by iodine *** ultra-thin Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.4I0.2membrane with thickness of 10μm can be obtained by wet coating process,exhibiting a high ionic conductivity of 2.09 mS cm-1and low areal resistance of 1.17Ω***,iodine doping could in-situ form LiI at the lithium/electrolyte interface and improve the critical current density of Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.6from 0.8 to 1.35 mA *** resultant LiCoO2/Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.4I0.2/Li battery shows excellent cycling stability at 1 C,with a reversible specific capacity of 110.1 mA h g-1and a retention of 80.5% after 1000 *** addition,the assembled LiCoO2/Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.4I0.2membrane/Li pouch cell delivers an initial discharge capacity of 110.4 mA h g-1and 80.5% capacity retention after 100 cycles.

关键词： Argyrodite electrolytes Iodine doping Ionic conductivity Stability All-solid-state lithium battery

Context-dependent role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 682-694页

作者： NoemíSola-Sevilla Maider Garmendia-Berges MCarmen Mera-Delgado Elena Puerta Department of Pharmaceutical sciences Division of PharmacologySchool of Pharmacy and NutritionUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain Navarra institute for health Research(IdiSNA) PamplonaSpain

Sirtuin 2 is a member of the sirtuin family nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD~+)-dependent deacetylases, known for its regulatory role in different processes, including inflammation. In this context, sirtuin 2 has been involved in the modulation of key inflammatory signaling pathways and transcription factors by deacetylating specific targets, such as nuclear factor κB and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-leucine-rich-repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3). However, whether sirtuin 2-mediated pathways induce a pro-or an anti-inflammatory response remains controversial. Sirtuin 2 has been implicated in promoting inflammation in conditions such as asthma and neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that its inhibition in these conditions could be a potential therapeutic strategy. Conversely, arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus studies suggest that sirtuin 2 is essential at the peripheral level and, thus, its inhibition in these pathologies would not be recommended. Overall, the precise role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation appears to be context-dependent, and further investigation is needed to determine the specific molecular mechanisms and downstream targets through which sirtuin 2 influences inflammatory processes in various tissues and pathological conditions. The present review explores the involvement of sirtuin 2 in the inflammation associated with different pathologies to elucidate whether its pharmacological modulation could serve as an effective strategy for treating this prevalent symptom across various diseases.

关键词： interferon inflammation lipopolysaccharide neuroinflammation NLRP3 nuclear factorκB sirtuin 2

Multiple sclerosis is at a checkpoint: advancing the program

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon C.Smith Jessica L.Williams Department of Neurosciences Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Biological Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system(CNS). Patients with MS experience sensory and motor function loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sclerosis damage

Increased excitatory amino acid transporter 2 levels in basolateral amygdala astrocytes mediate chronic stress–induced anxiety-like behavior

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1721-1734页

作者： Xirong Xu Shoumin Xuan Shuai Chen Dan Liu Qian Xiao Jie Tu Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neuroimmunomodulation for Neurological Diseases Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain ScienceShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute(BCBDI)Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute(BCBDI)Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina University of Chinese of Academy of sciences BeijingChina Faculty of Life and health sciences Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina

The conventional perception of astrocytes as mere supportive cells within the brain has recently been called into question by empirical evidence, which has revealed their active involvement in regulating brain function and encoding behaviors associated with ***, astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala have been found to play a role in the modulation of anxiety-like behaviors triggered by chronic stress. Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms by which basolateral amygdala astrocytes regulate chronic stress–induced anxiety-like behaviors remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we found that in a mouse model of anxiety triggered by unpredictable chronic mild stress, the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 was upregulated in the basolateral amygdala. Interestingly, our findings indicate that the targeted knockdown of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically within the basolateral amygdala astrocytes was able to rescue the anxiety-like behavior in mice subjected to stress. Furthermore, we found that the overexpression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, whether achieved through intracranial administration of excitatory amino acid transporter 2agonists or through injection of excitatory amino acid transporter 2-overexpressing viruses with GfaABC1D promoters, evoked anxiety-like behavior in mice. Our single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis further confirmed that chronic stress induced an upregulation of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 specifically in astrocytes in the basolateral amygdala. Moreover, through in vivo calcium signal recordings, we found that the frequency of calcium activity in the basolateral amygdala of mice subjected to chronic stress was higher compared with normal *** knocking down the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 2 in the basolateral amygdala, the frequency of calcium activity was not significantly increased, and anxiety-like behavior was ob

关键词： anxiety astrocytes basolateral amygdala behavior dihydrokainic acid excitatory amino acid transporter 2 fiber photometry glutamate LDN-212320 transporter

Tuning beneficial calcineurin phosphatase activation to counterα-synuclein toxicity in a yeast model of Parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 199-200页

作者： Srishti Chawla Mikael Molin Thomas Nystrom institute for Biomedicine Sahlgrenska AcademyCentre for Ageing and Health-AgeCapUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Life sciences Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden

Calcineurin(CN)is a calcium-and calmodulindependent serine/threonine that has been studied in many model organisms including yeast,filamentous fungi,plants,and *** biological functions range from ion homeostasis and virulence in lower eukaryotes to T-cell activation in humans by human nuclear factors of activated *** is a heterodimeric protein consisting of a catalytic subunit,calcineurin A(Cna1p),which contains an active site with a dinuclear metal center,and a regulatory Ca^(2+) binding subunit called calcineurin B(Cnb1p)required to activate *** calcineurin B subunit has been highly conserved through evolution:For example,the mammalian calcineurin B shows 54%identity with calcineurin B from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

关键词： activation dinuclear conserved

Anomalous quality factor evolution of induced transparency in a virtualized coupled-oscillator system

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 148-155页

作者： Yunhan Yang Han Jia Tuo Liu Yuzhen Yang Jun Yang Key Laboratory of Noise and Vibration Research Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences State Key Laboratory of Acoustics Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The phenomenon of induced transparency, characterized by a high quality(Q) factor, holds significant importance in the fields of high-precision sensing, energy storage and wave manipulation. Conventional transparency systems are often constrained by the limited experimentally accessible parameter space and the lack of independent control over intrinsic parameters, thereby hindering advanced research on high-Q effects. Here we propose a virtualized coupled-oscillator system that enables reconfigurable induced transparency in the reflection spectrum. By virtually incorporating a pair of coupled oscillators into an individual acoustic meta-atom, we achieve the manipulation of induced transparency in a decoupled, wide-ranging, and elaborate manner. Exploiting the diverse evolutions across the intrinsic parameter space, we show experimentally a counter-intuitive increase in the Q-factor of the transparency window, which is attributed to the enhanced dissipation of the bright ***, a constant group delay at the center frequency is observed accompanying this evolution. Our work demonstrates an intriguing platform as well as a novel strategy to engineer high-Q induced transparency phenomenon, and paves the way towards applications in programmable acoustic sensors, filters and slow-wave devices.

关键词： induced transparency acoustic meta-atom high quality-factor scattering programmable intrinsic parameter

Brain age estimation:premise,promise,and problems

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2313-2314页

作者： Jarrad Perron Ji Hyun Ko Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Price Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada PrairieNeuro Research Centre Kleysen Institute for Advanced MedicineHealth Sciences CentreWinnipegMBCanada Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science Rady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada

Premise:The com bined effects of modern healthcare practices which prolong lifespan and declining birthrates have created unprecedented changes in age demographics worldwide that are especially pronounced in Japan,South Korea,Europe,and North *** old age is the most significant predictor of dementia,global healthcare systems must rise to the challenge of providing care for those with neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： estimation providing birth

Sky location of massive black hole binaries in the foreground of Galactic white dwarf binaries

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 97-108页

作者： Pan Guo Hong-Bo Jin Cong-Feng Qiao Yue-Liang Wu The International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific University of Chinese Academy of Sciences The School of Physical sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

For space-based gravitational wave （GW） detection,the main noise source for massive black hole binaries （MBHBs） is attributed to approximately 10～7double white dwarf binaries in the *** a GW source,the amplitude of the detector response,recorded by a space-based gravitational wave detector,exhibits a modulation effect with a year period when observing the source from various orbital *** the adverse conditions mentioned above,where there is a strong foreground noise and annual modulation in the signals,we employed the wavelet transform and the strong-amplitude relevant orbital position search methods,which allows the weak MBHB sources to achieve higher locating *** detail,for two MBHB sources of lower intensity,the precision of luminosity distance,represented by the ratio ?DL/DLat the 95%confidence level,is enhanced by factors of ～*** angular resolutions,denoted by??s,are enhanced by a factor of ～*** improvements increase the number of detectable GW sources,facilitate multi-messenger follow-up observations and provide constraints on the cosmological constant.

关键词： space-based gravitational wave detection gravitational waves massive black hole binaries