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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2013年第4期12卷 603-609页

作者： L Guo-hua WU Yong-feng BAI Wen-bo MA Bao WANG Chun-yan SONG Ji-qing institute of environment and sustainable development in agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Climate change is recognized to increase the frequency and severity of extreme temperature events. At flowering and grain filling stages, risk of high temperature stress （HTS） on rice might increase, and lead to declining grain yields. A regulated cabinet experiment was carried out to investigate effects of high temperature stress on rice growth at flowering and grain- filling stages. Results showed that no obvious decrease pattern in net photosynthesis appeared along with the temperature rising, but the dry matter allocation in leaf, leaf sheath, culm, and panicle all changed. Dry weight of panicle decreased, and ratio of straw to total above ground crop dry weight increased 6-34% from CK, which might have great effects on carbon cycling and green house gas emission. Grain yield decreased significantly across all treatments on average from 15 to 73%. Occurrence of HTS at flowering stage showed more serious influence on grain yield than at grain filling stage. High temperature stress showed negative effects on harvest index. It might be helpful to provide valuable information for crop simulation models to capture the effects of high temperature stress on rice, and evaluate the high temperature risk.

关键词： dry matter partitioning grain yield high temperature stress rice growth

Inoculation with chlamydospores of Trichoderma asperellum SM-12F1 accelerated arsenic volatilization and influenced arsenic availability in soils

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 389-397页

作者： WANG Xiu-rong SU Shi-ming ZENG Xi-bai BAI Ling-yu LI Lian-fang DUAN Ran WANG Ya-nan WU Cui-xia institute of environment and sustainable development in agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment Ministry of Agriculture

Fungi capable of arsenic（As） accumulation and volatilization are hoped to tackle As-contaminated environment in the future. However, little data is available regarding their performances in field soils. In this study, the chlamydospores of Trichoderma asperellum SM-12F1 capable of As resistance, accumulation, and volatilization were inoculated into As-contaminated Chenzhou（CZ） and Shimen（SM） soils, and subsequently As volatilization and availability were assessed. The results indicated that T. asperellum SM-12F1 could reproduce well in As-contaminated soils. After cultivated for 42 days, the colony forming units（cfu） of T. asperellum SM-12F1 in CZ and SM soils reached 10^10–10^11 cfu g^–1 fresh soil when inoculated at a rate of 5.0%. Inoculation with chlamydospores of T. asperellum SM-12F1 could significantly accelerate As volatilization from soils. The contents of volatilized As from CZ and SM soils after being inoculated with chlamydospores at a rate of 5.0% for 42 days were 2.0 and 0.6 μg kg^–1, respectively, which were about 27.5 and 2.5 times higher than their corresponding controls of no inoculation（CZ, 0.1 μg kg^–1; SM, 0.3 μg kg^–1）. Furthermore, the available As content in SM soils was decreased by 23.7%, and that in CZ soils increased by 3.3% compared with their corresponding controls. Further studies showed that soil p H values significantly decreased as a function of cultivation time or the inoculation level of chlamydospores. The p H values in CZ and SM soils after being inoculated with 5.0% of chlamydospores for 42 days were 6.04 and 6.02, respectively, which were lowered by 0.34 and 1.21 compared with their corresponding controls（CZ, 6.38; SM, 7.23）. The changes in soil p H and As-binding fractions after inoculation might be responsible for the changes in As availability. These observations could shed light on the future remediation of As-contaminated soils using fungi.

关键词： arsenic volatilization availability soil chlamydospores T.asperellum SM-12F1

Removal of ammonium-N from ammonium-rich sewage using an immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC bioreactor system

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2011年第8期23卷 1279-1285页

作者： Jingjing Xiao Changxiong Zhu Dongyuan Sun Ping Guo Yunlong Tian institute of environment and sustainable development in agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China.

A self-design bioreactor system employing a fixed bed operation process with immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC beads Ibr NH4^-N removal from slightly polluted water was proposed. Polyvinyl alcohol and Na-alginate were used as a gel matrix to entrap Bacillus subtilis AYC to form the immobilized beads. The NH4＋-N removal process was studied in a intermittent operation mode to examine the start-up and steady state behaviors of the immobilized AYC in the reactor. The results indicated that the reactor was in the start-up state during the first week. NH4＋-N began to be steadily removal since the second week, and the nitrogen removal rate was between 84.61% and 96.19% when the hydraulic retention time （HRT） was 30 rain. To apply Bacillus subtilis AYC to develop a practical nitrogen removal system and further understand its nitrogen removal ability, the bioreactor was continuously operated under different experimental perameters. The results showed that under the optimum conditions of an HRT of 20 min and DO of 3.77-5.80 mg/L, the NH4＋-N removal rate reached 99.55%. The NH4＋-N removal rate increased as the C/N ratio increased. However, a high C]N may cause a high residual carbon level in the effluent, therefore, the most suitable C/N ratio was 10. In addition, the results showed that the bioreactor system could remove many types of nitrogen such as NH4＋-N, NO3--N and organic-N, and had a good performance for inorganic nitrogen removal from sewage.

关键词： immobilized Bacillus subtilis AYC beads biologic nitrogen removal bioreactor effect

Challenges to increasing the soil carbon pool of agro-ecosystems in China

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2018年第4期17卷 723-725页

作者： LIN Er-da GUO Li-ping JU Hui institute of environment and sustainable development of agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Climate change will place agro-ecological systems and food security at serious risk. At the 21 st Conference of the Parties（COP21） in Paris in December of 2015, parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change（UNFCCC） reached a historic agreement（Paris Agreement） to combat climate change and to accelerate and intensify the actions and investments needed for a sustainable low carbon future. An initiative named the "4‰ initiative: Soils for food security and climate" was proposed by the French Minister of agriculture, and this initiative was launched officially at the COP21 and adopted by many global organizations. The aim of this initiative was to increase carbon sequestration in soil to mitigate fossil fuel combustion emissions of greenhouse gasses. The present study found that China has high CO;emissions but a low soil carbon pool, and indicates that 4‰ increments of the soil carbon pool will not be sufficient to offset national CO;emissions. The current soil carbon sequestration rate would also not reach the mean level requested by the initiative. Therefore, China faces big challenges to achieve this initiative. An integrated use of straw technology may be used more widely to improve carbon sequestration, and other opportunities include improved fertilizer use efficiency and greenhouse gas mitigation through the waste management project under construction in China. This paper suggests that China may put forward the biomass treatment centered high yield and fertilizer-carbon sequestration project to enhance resilience of agro-ecosystems to climate change.

关键词： soil organic carbon sequestration climate change greenhouse gas mitigation agriculture resilience

Adsorption of avermectins on activated carbon: Equilibrium, kinetics, and UV-shielding

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第S3期19卷 845-850页

作者：顾微孙长娇刘琪崔海信 institute of environment and sustainable developmentin agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The adsorption of biopesticide avermectins onto activated carbon from ethanol solution with different initial concentrations at 303.15 K was performed. The obtained equilibrium and kinetic data of the adsorption process were assayed to evaluate the adsorption potential of activated carbon for avermectins. The results show that the activated carbon is effective for the adsorption of avermectins. Moreover, the adsorption of avermectins onto activated carbon agrees with Langmuir isotherm model, while pseudo-second-order kinetics model is better fitable for such adsorption process. In addition, activated carbon can efficiently protect adsorbed avermectins from photodegradation.

关键词： activated carbon avermectins adsorption UV-shielding

Response of Soil Organic Carbon and Its Aggregate Fractions to LongTerm Fertilization in Irrigated Desert Soil of China

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2014年第12期13卷 2758-2767页

作者： CHAI Yan-jun ZENG Xi-bai E Sheng-zhe HUANG Tao CHE Zong-xian SU Shi-ming BAI Ling-yu institute of environment and sustainable development in agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment Ministry of Agriculture institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Irrigated desert soil samples in the Hexi Corridor of China were collected over a period of 23 years from a site where different fertilization methods had been used. Changes of soil organic carbon （SOC） and its water stable aggregate （WSA） size fractions were studied. The effects of various fertilization methods on the distribution of added organic carbon （OC） in different WSA size fractions were also analyzed. The results showed that the applied fertilizations for 23 years improved SOC concentrations and OC concentrations in all WSA size fractions compared to the non-fertilized treatment （CK）. In addition, fertilization obviously increased the OC stocks of2 mm, 0.25-2 mm and 0.053-0.25 mm WSA fractions, respectively. A signiifcant positive correlation was found between soil C gains and OC inputs （r=0.92, P〈0.05）, indicating that SOC may have not reached the saturation point yet at the site. The C sequestration rate was estimated by 14.02%at the site. The OC stocks in all of the〈2 mm WSA fractions increased with the increase of OC input amounts;and the conversion rate of the input fresh OC to the OC stock of〈0.053 mm WSA fraction was 1.2 and 2.6 times higher than those of the 0.25-2 mm and 0.053-0.25 mm WSA fractions, respectively. Therefore, the〈0.053 mm WSA fraction was the most important component for soil C sequestration in the irrigated desert soil.

关键词： aggregate irrigated desert soil long-term fertilization organic carbon

Responses of potential ammonia oxidation and ammonia oxidizers community to arsenic stress in seven types of soil

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 15-29页

作者： Yanan Wang Xibai Zeng Yang Zhang Nan Zhang Liyang Xu Cuixia Wu Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Agro-EnvironmentInstitute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R.ChinaBeijing 100081China

Soil arsenic contamination is of great concern because of its toxicity to human,crops,and soil ***,the impacts of arsenic on soil ammonia oxidizers communities remain *** types of soil spiked with 0 or 100 mg arsenic per kg soil were incubated for 180 days and sampled at days 1,15,30,90 and *** changes in the community composition and abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB)and ammonia oxidizing archaea(AOA)were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(TRFLP)analysis,clone library sequencing,and quantitative PCR(qPCR)targeting amoA *** revealed considerable variations in the potential ammonia oxidation(PAO)rates in different soils,but soil PAO was not consistently significantly inhibited by arsenic,probably due to the low bioavailable arsenic contents or the existence of functional redundancy between AOB and *** variations in AOB and AOA communities were closely associated with the changes in arsenic *** amoA gene abundances of AOA increased after arsenic addition,whereas AOB decreased,which corroborated the notion that AOA and AOB might occupy different niches in arsenic-contaminated *** analysis of amoA gene-encoded proteins revealed that all AOB clone sequences belonged to the genus Nitrosospira,among which those belonging to Nitrosospira cluster 3a were *** main AOA sequence detected belonged to Thaumarchaeal Group 1.1b,which was considered to have a high ability to adapt to environmental *** results provide new insights into the impacts of arsenic on the soil nitrogen cycling.

关键词： Ammonia oxidizers Arsenic Potential ammonia oxidation(PAO) rate Ecological niche Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP) analysis

Effects of land use patterns on soil aggregate stability in Sichuan Basin,China

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Particuology 2008年第3期6卷 157-166页

作者： Zhen Zhang Chaofu Wei Deti Xie Ming Gao Xibai Zeng College of Resources and environment Southwest University Chongqing 400716 China institute of environment and sustainable development for agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China

Soil aggregate stability as a key indicator of soil structure, is a product of interactions between soil environment, management practices, and land use patterns. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of various land use patterns on soil aggregate stability in Sichuan Basin of southwestern China. The dry- and water-stable aggregate size distributions were determined by manual dry sieving procedure and Yoder＇s wet sieving procedure, respectively, while microaggregates and its mechanical and chemical stabilities by Kachisky＇s method, oscillator method, and citrate-dithionate （C-D） reagent method, separately. The results indicated that fractal dimension and surface fractal dimension were useful indicators to reflect soil aggregate distribution. Land use patterns have an obvious influence on soil aggregate stability. In the study area, water stability, mechanical stability, and chemical stability followed the sequence, Barren land 〉 forestland 〉 orchard 〉 cropland, and the original stability and collapse velocity were sensitive to soil properties and soil structure. The difference of aggregate stability under different land use patterns is mainly due to the intensity of human disturbance and cultivation. Improper land use patterns will lead to breakdown of unstable aggregates, producing finer and more-easily transportable particles and microaggregates. In the future, inappropriate cultivation and land use patterns should be changed to protect soil structure, to improve soil aggregate stability and soil fertility in Sichuan Basin.

关键词： Aggregate size distribution Soil aggregate stability Fractal dimension Land use pattern Purple soil Sichuan Basin China

Water consumption in summer maize and winter wheat cropping system based on SEBAL model in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2015年第10期14卷 2065-2076页

作者： YANG Jian-ying MEI Xu-rong HUO Zhi-guo YAN Chang-rong JU Hui ZHAO Feng-hua LIU Qin Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Key Laboratory of Dryland agriculture Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Agricultural environment Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Crop consumptive water use is recognized as a key element to understand regional water management performance. This study documents an attempt to apply a regional evapotranspiration model（SEBAL） and crop information for assessment of regional crop（summer maize and winter wheat） actual evapotranspiration（ET a） in Huang-Huai-Hai（3H） Plain, China. The average seasonal ET a of summer maize and winter wheat were 354.8 and 521.5 mm respectively in 3H Plain. A high-ET a belt of summer maize occurs in piedmont plain, while a low ET a area was found in the hill-irrigable land and dry land area. For winter wheat, a high-ET a area was located in the middle part of 3H Plain, including low plain-hydropenia irrigable land and dry land, hill-irrigable land and dry land, and basin-irrigable land and dry land. Spatial analysis demonstrated a linear relationship between crop ET a, normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI）, and the land surface temperature（LST）. A stronger relationship between ET a and NDVI was found in the metaphase and last phase than other crop growing phase, as indicated by higher correlation coefficient values. Additionally, higher correlation coefficients were detected between ET a and LST than that between ET a and NDVI, and this significant relationship ran through the entire crop growing season. ET a in the summer maize growing season showed a significant relationship with longitude, while ET a in the winter wheat growing season showed a significant relationship with latitude. The results of this study will serve as baseline information for water resources management of 3H Plain.

关键词： ETa winter wheat summer maize SEBAL crop information Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer management practices on wheat yields and N_2O emissions from wheat fields in North China

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Journal of Integrative agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1184-1191页

作者： LIU Ya-nan LI Ying-chun PENG Zheng-ping WANG Yan-qun MA Shao-yun GUO Li-ping LIN Er-da HAN Xue College of Resources and environmental Sciences Agricultural University of Hebei institute of environment and sustainable development in agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural EnvironmentMinistry of Agriculture

Nitrogen（N） is one of the macronutrients required for plant growth, and reasonable application of N fertilizers can increase crop yields and improve their quality. However, excessive application of N fertilizers will decrease N use efficiency and also lead to increases in N2O emissions from agricultural soils and many other environmental issues. Research on the effects of different N fertilizer management practices on wheat yields and N2O emissions will assist the selection of effective N management measures which enable achieving high wheat yields while reducing N2O emissions. To investigate the effects of different N management practices on wheat yields and soil N2O emissions, we conducted field trials with 5 treatments of no N fertilizer（CK）, farmers common N rate（AN）, optimal N rate（ON）, 20% reduction in optimal rate＋dicyandiamide（ON80%＋DCD）, 20% reduction in optimal rate＋nano-carbon（ON80%＋NC）. The static closed chamber gas chromatography method was used to monitor N2O emissions during the wheat growing season. The results showed that there were obvious seasonal characteristics of N2O emissions under each treatment and N2O emissions were mainly concentrated in the sowing-greening stage, accounting for 54.6–68.2% of the overall emissions. Compared with AN, N2O emissions were decreased by 23.1, 45.4 and 33.7%, respectively, under ON, ON80%＋DCD and ON80%＋NC, and emission factors were declined by 22.2, 66.7 and 33.3%, respectively. Wheat yield was increased significantly under ON80%＋DCD and ON80%＋NC by 12.3 and 11.9%, respectively, relative to AN while there was no significant change in yield in the ON treatment. Compared with ON, overall N2O emissions were decreased by 29.1 and 13.9% while wheat yields improved by 18.3 and 17.9% under ON80%＋DCD and ON80%＋NC, respectively. We therefore recommend that ON80%＋DCD and ON80%＋NC be referred as effective N management practices increasing yields while mitigating emissions.

关键词： emissions wheat fertilizer chamber accounting declined Wheat seasonal panicle seedling