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Effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on conservation characteristics,aerobic stability and in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn based total mixed ration silage

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第7期16卷 1592-1600页

作者： CHEN Lei YUAN Xian-jun LI Jun-feng WANG Si-ran DONG Zhi-hao SHAO Tao institute of ensiling and processing of grass Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality, aer- obic stability and in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility of whole-crop corn based totalmixed ration （TMR） silage. Total mixed ration was ensiled with four treatments：（1） no additives （control）; （2） an inoculant （Lactobacillus plantarum）（L）; （3） propionicacid （P）; （4） propionic acid＋lactic acid bacteria （PL）. All treatments were ensiled in laboratory-scale silos for 45 days, and then subjected to an aerobic stability test for12 days. Further, four TMR silages were incubated in vitro with buffered rumen fluid to study in vitro gas production kinetics and digestibility. The results indicated that all TMR silages had good fermentation characteristics with low pH （〈3.80） and ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N） contents, and high lactic acid contents as well as Flieg points. Addition of L further improved TMR silage quality with more lactic acid production. Addition of P and PL decreased lactic acid and NH3-N contents of TMR silage compared to the control （P〈0.05）. After 12 days aerobic exposure, P and PL silages remained stable, but L and the control silages deteriorated as indicated by a reduction in lactic acid and an increase in pH, and numbers of yeast. Compared to the control, addition of L had no effects on TMR silage in terms of 72 h cumulative gas production, in vitro dry matter digestibility, metabolizable energy, net energy for lactation and short chain fatty acids, whereas addition of PL significantly （P〈0.05） increased them. L silage had higher （P〈0.05） in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility than the control silage. The results of our study suggested that TMR silage prepared with whole-crop corn can be well preserved with or without additives. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggested that propionic acid is compatible with lactic acid bacteria inoculants, and when used together, although they reduced lactic acid prod

关键词： lactic acid bacteria propionic acid fermentation quality aerobic stability in vitro digestibility total mixed rationsilage

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Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and fibrolytic enzyme on the fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of total mixed rations silage including rape straw

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第9期15卷 2087-2096页

作者： LIU Qin-hua LI Xiang-yu Seare T Desta ZHANG Jian-guo SHAO Tao institute of ensiling and processing of grass Nanjing Agricultural University Department of grassland Science South China Agricultural University

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of a lactic acid bacteria inoculant（Lactobacillus plantarum, LP）, fibrolytic enzyme（EN）, combination of LP and EN（LP＋EN） on fermentation quality, nutritive characteristics and in vitro digestibility of total mixed ration（TMR） silages containing 0, 7.5 and 15.0%（on dry matter basis） of rape（Brassica campestris L.） straw（RS）（denoted as CTMR, LTMR and MTMR, respectively）. After ensiling for 60 days, TMR silages without additives were well preserved, but MTMR had higher p H than CTMR and LTMR. There were no differences in other parameters of fermentation quality, microbial composition, nutrition and in vitro digestibility between CTMR and LTMR except for yeast and mold number and crude protein（CP） content. CTMR and LTMR silage had higher CP content, in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility（IVNDFD） and in vitro acid detergent fiber digestibility（IVADFD）, lower acid detergent fiber（ADF） content than MTMR silage. LP and EN decreased p H and increased dry matter（DM） recovery of TMR silages. LP＋EN improved the fermentation quality, nutritive characteristics and in vitro digestibility of TMR silages, showed by lower p H, ADF content, higher lactic acid content, in vitro dry matter digestibility（IVDMD） and IVNDFD. Therefore, It was suggested that TMR silage contained 7.5% RS on a DM basis and treated with LP＋EN can be as a useful feed for ruminant.

关键词： fibrolytic enzyme in vitro digestibility lactic acid bacteria silage total mixed ration

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The effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculums on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane production, ruminal cellulolytic bacteria populations and cellulase activities of corn stover silage

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第3期19卷 838-847页

作者： GUO Gang SHEN Chen LIU Qiang ZHANG Shuan-lin SHAO Tao WANG Cong WANG Yongxin XU Qing-fang HUO Wen-jie College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicines Shanxi Agricultural UniversityTaigu 030801P.R.China institute of ensiling and processing of grass Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria(LAB) inoculums on fermentation quality and in vitro digestibility of corn stover *** stover was ensiled without(control) or with Lactobacillus plantarum(LP),Enterococcus faecalis(EF),and Enterococcus mundtii(EM) for 45 *** fermentation characteristics were assessed,and subsequent in vitro dry matter digestibility(DM-D),neutral detergent fiber digestibility(NDF-D),volatile fatty acids(VFA),methane(CH4) production,cellulolytic bacteria proportions and their activities per corn stover silage were also *** was no significant difference(P>0.05) among the silage pH,lactic acid,crude protein(CP),water soluble carbohydrates(WSC) and lignocelluloses contents of different *** relative proportions of Ruminococcus flavefaciens and Fibrobacter succinogenes,carboxymethyl-ocellulose and β-glycosidase activities,DM-D,NDF-D,and VFA production of in vitro incubation was higher(Pensiling fermentation quality and subsequent utilization of corn stover silage were efficiently improved by inoculated with ***.

关键词： corn stover in vitro digestibility lactic acid bacteria silage

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Effects of molasses on the fermentation characteristics of mixed silage prepared with rice straw, local vegetable by-products and alfalfa in Southeast China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第3期16卷 664-670页

作者： WANG Jian CHEN Lei YUAN Xian-jun GUO Gang LI Jun-feng BAI Yun-feng SHAO Tao institute of ensiling and processing of grass Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R. China College of Agriculture Hainan University Haikou 570228 P.R China Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing 210014 P.R.China

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of molasses on the fermentation characteristics of mixed silage ensiled rice straw and vegetable by-products with ***（202 g kg^-1 dry matter（DM））consisting of rice straw,broccoli residue and alfalfa at the ratio of 5：4：1 was ensiled with three experimental treatments：（1）no additives（control）;（2）molasses at 2.5%（M1）;（3）molasses at 5%（M2）on a fresh matter basis of mixture,*** treatments were packed into laboratory-scale silos,and three silos per treatment were sampled on days 1,3,5,14 and *** result showed that the p H value of all mixed silages decreased gradually with the time of ensiling except for the control silage,in which a significant increase（P〈0.05）on day 30 *** lactic acid content increased gradually with the time of ensiling and reached the highest value on day 14,and a marked decrease（P〈0.05）was found in the control silage on day *** changes of acetic acid content showed similar pattern with lactic acid content.A trace amount of propionic and butyric acid contents were found in the three mixed silages during the fermentation *** to the control,M1 and M2 treatments improved the fermentation quality of mixed silages as indicated by higher（P〈0.05）lactic acid contents and lower（P〈0.05）p H and ammonia-N *** Flieg points also showed that M1 and M2 silages were well preserved,whereas the control silage had a bad ***,the findings of this study suggested that adding molasses could improve fermentation quality of mixed silage,and M1 was more suitable for practical application.

关键词： by-products fermentation characteristics mixed silage molasses

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Novel uses of ensiled biomasses as feedstocks for green biorefineries

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 945-955页

作者： Marketta Rinne Natural Resources institute Finland(Luke) JokioinenFinland

Perennial forage plants are efficient utilizers of solar radiation and nutrients so that there is a lot of scope to increase the production of green biomass in many ***,grasses are mainly used as feeds for ruminants and equines,but there could be higher added value use for several components of the green *** in green biorefin-ing has risen recently motivated by the increased sustainability pressures and need to break the reliance on fossil *** products derived from grass,such as paper and packaging,nanofibers,animal bedding,novel protein feeds,extracted proteins,biochemicals,nutraceuticals,bioactive compounds,biogas and biochar could create new sustainable business opportunities in rural *** green biorefinery concepts focus on using fresh green biomass as the feedstock,but preservation of it by ensiling would provide several benefits such as all-year-around avail-ability of the feedstock and increased stability of the press juice and press *** major difference between fresh and ensiled grass is the conversion of water soluble carbohydrates into fermentation end products,mainly lactic and acetic acids,that lower the pH of the silage so that it becomes stable in anaerobic *** has some important consequences on the processability and quality of products,which are partly positive and partly negative,e.g.,degradation of protein into peptides,amino acids and *** aspects are discussed in this review.

关键词： Additive Fermentation Liquid-solid separation Protein Silage

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Radical denitrogenative transformations of polynitrogen heterocycles:Building C–N bonds and beyond

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2021年第11期42卷 1865-1875页

作者： Wen-Chao Yang Cai-Yun Chen Jun-Feng Li Zu-Li Wang institute of Pesticide School of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009JiangsuChina institute of ensiling and processing of grass College of Agro-grassland ScienceNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109ShandongChina

Polynitrogen heterocycles are readily available and have recently arisen as versatile synthons for the formation of various C-C and C-X bonds,and medicinally active nitrogen-containing *** cascade reactions,including annulation,radical cascade,and borylation reactions,have been reported in which polynitrogen heterocycles are applied as arylation *** success of these exceptional reactions illustrates the great synthetic potential of polynitrogen heterocycles,which provides a direct and useful approach to arylation reactions and the synthesis of nitrogen-containing *** use of photocatalysts to effectively transfer energy from visible light to non-absorbing compounds has gained increasing attention as this method allows for the mild and efficient generation of radicals in a controlled *** approach has thus led to new methods that involve unique bond formation *** addition,the use of free radical intermediates stabilized by transition metal catalysts is a powerful way to construct new chemical *** aim of this review is to highlight the rapidly expanding area of radical-initiated denitrogenative cascade reactions of polynitrogen heterocycles and elaborate on their mechanisms from a new perspective by using photocatalysis and metal-based catalysis.

关键词： Denitrogenation C-N bond Cyclization Polynitrogen heterocycles Radical

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Integration of high-solid digestion and gasification to dispose horticultural waste and chicken manure

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第5期26卷 1145-1151页

作者： Wangliang Li Changbo Lu Gaojun An Yuming Zhang Yen Wah Tong The Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Beijing POL Research institute Beijing 102300 China State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil processing China University of Petroleum (Belting) Beijing 102249 China NUS Environment Research institute National University of Singapore Singapore 117411 Singapore

To realize full energy recovery from grass and chicken manure(CM), the integration of high-solid anaerobic digestion(HSAD) and gasification was investigated experimentally. The anaerobic biodegradability of grass can be enhanced through codigestion with CM. When the volatile solid(VS) ratio of CM to grass was 20:80, C/N ratio calculated to be 21.70, the cumulative biogas yield was the highest, 237 ml·(g VS)^(-1). The enhancement of biogas production was attributed to the buffering effects of ammonia and rich trace elements in CM. In semi-continuous systems, when the organic loading rate was 4.0 g VS·L^(-1)·d^(-1), the HSAD process was stable, with the average biogas yield 168 ml·(g VS)^(-1). More than 80% fractions of the digestates were volatile matters, which meant that the digestates can be used as feedstock for gasification to produce syngas. The VS ratio of grass to CM had significant overall energy generation through HSAD and gasification. Compared with gasification of digestate,cogasification with woodchips increased syngas yield and low heat value(LHV). Increasing of mass ratio of digestates to woodchips led to the decrease of LHV.

关键词： Codigestion High-solid Chicken manure Yard waste Gasification Energy recovery

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Effects of fi lleting methods on composition, gelling properties and aroma profi le of grass carp surimi

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2021年第3期10卷 308-315页

作者： Liu Shi Tao Yin Qilin Huang Juan You Yang Hu Dan Jia Shanbai Xiong institute of Agricultural Products processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology Hubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430073China College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China National R&D Branch Center for Conventional Freshwater Fish processing Wuhan 430070China College of Animal Science and Technology Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China

Traditionally,fi sh carcass is headed and gutted to prepare a skin-on fi llet in surimi *** this study,tail and/or belly of grass carp carcass were further cut off in the fi lleting ***,composition,gelling properties and aroma profile of surimi as affected by filleting methods were investigated by SDS-PAGE,ELISA,SEM,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and electron *** tail off increased surimi yield by 14.0%,whereas cutting belly off decreased it by 11.2%.Cutting tail or belly off signifi cantly decreased fat content,but did not change protein content,ash content,cathepsin(B,H and L)contents,nor protein *** breaking force and whiteness of surimi gel signifi cantly increased after cutting tail *** belly off slightly increased whiteness of surimi *** microstructure of all the surimi gels was compact and uniform,with fractal dimensions(Df)ranging from 2.81 to *** for the macrostructure,cutting tail off apparently improved the integrity of surimi gel while cutting belly off did *** profi les of the surimi prepared under different fi lleting methods could be clearly distinguished by linear discriminant analysis(LDA).Our results indicate that cutting tail off contribute positively to surimi production.

关键词： MRI Fish tail Fish belly Fish protein Microstructure

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Microbial communities and natural fermentation of corn silages prepared with farm bunker-silo in Southwest China

Microbial communities and natural fermentation of corn silag...

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中国畜牧兽医学会动物微生态学分会第五届第十三次全国学术研讨会

作者： Hao Guan Yanhong Yan Xiaoling Li Xiaomei Li Yang Shuai Guangyan Feng Qifan Ran Yimin Cai Ying Li Xinquan Zhang Animal Science and Technology College Sichuan Agricultural University institute of grass science ChongQing Academy of animal Husbandry Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Science(JIRCAS) Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Agricultural University

This study analyzed the variation of microbial communities,their achieved fermentation quality,and the association between microbial diversity and environmental factors after ensiling of 96 samples prepared with bunker-silo in Southwest *** of natural corn silages achieved good fermentation,e.g.,low pH value(ensiling,while the production of acetic acid was highly positively correlated with both Acetobacter and Bradyrhizobium *** and humidity affected community of epiphytic bacteria on the com material,and the temperature affected richness of bacterial species during *** results confirmed that microbial community of silages in hot and humid area is unique and climatic factors ultimately affect the fermentation quality through influencing microbial community.

关键词： Corn Bunker-silo silage Climatic factor Fermentation quality Natural microbial community

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Genome research profile of two Cordyceps sinensis cDNA libraries

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第14期55卷 1403-1411页

作者： ZHANG ShaoPeng FENG Hui LI XiaoYan JIN YongSan DONG Wei Beijing institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China StaffRoom of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029 China Hangzhou Genomics institute Hangzhou 310008 China Beijing Genomics institute Beijing 100029 China

Cordyceps sinensis (CS) is well known as an ancient Chinese herb. It is used to expand bronchial smooth muscles, inhibit tumor growth and decrease blood pressure. Cordyceps sinensis is composed of two parts. One is the dead larvae body; the other is the stroma like withered grass. Up to now, few genome database articles about Cordyceps sinensis have been reported. In this study, two cDNA libraries were constructed using the worm part and grass part respectively for the first time. 12192 and 15456 clones from the worm-part (CSCA) and grass-part (CSBA) library were respectively picked. Sequences derived from CSCA were clustered into 1333 contigs and 2469 singlets, while those from CSBA were clustered into 1297 contigs and 2875 singlets. These ESTs include sequences representing a significant portion of proteins encoding genes in cell signalling, metabolism, information storage and processing. Some enzymes encoding genes were also found and linked with CS’s physiology such as proteases, peptidases, lipases and chitinase. Pairwise comparison between the two cDNA libraries was also studied. Some ESTs were found only in CSCA and some only in CSBA. Finally, a comparative genomics research was performed with Fusarium graminearum, Aspergillus nidulans, Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces bayanus. The results indicate that the fungus’ genes maybe have complicated variation at the nucleic acid level, but the proteins translated are still conservative.

关键词：基因组数据库 cDNA文库冬虫夏草支气管平滑肌细胞信号传递小麦赤霉病菌比较基因组学环境技术

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