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Modification strategies on nickel-based electrocatalysts for energyefficient anodic reactions

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Nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 50-75页

作者： Jingwen Yu Yunliang Liu Naiyun Liu Yaxi Li Yuanyuan Cheng Peng Cao Yixian Liu Xinya Yuan Xinyue Zhang Haitao Li institute for energy Research School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China

Electrocatalytic chemical oxidation(ECO)is an energy-efficient anodic reaction alternative to the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).ECO lowers the reaction potential and yields higher-value fine chemicals at the *** catalyst material plays a crucial role in influencing and determining ECO *** catalyst performance encompasses aspects such as activity,stability,selectivity and *** electrocatalysts have garnered significant attention for their exceptional performance and widespread use in ECO *** modifying nickel-based electrocatalysts,the formation of NiOOH active centers can be *** such as adjusting size and morphology,doping,introducing defects and constructing heterojunctions are advantageous for enhancing *** the rapid advancements in related research fields,it is imperative to comprehend the mechanisms of nickel-based electrocatalysts in ECO and develop innovative *** article provides an overview of the modification strategies of nickel-based electrocatalysts,as well as their applications and mechanisms in ECO.

关键词： anodic reactions electrocatalytic chemical oxidation nickel-based electrocatalysts NiOOH modification strategies

Introducing the Open energy Ontology: Enhancing data interpretation and interfacing in energy systems analysis

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energy and AI 2021年第3期5卷 53-66页

作者： Meisam Booshehri Lukas Emele Simon Flügel Hannah Förster Johannes Frey Ulrich Frey Martin Glauer Janna Hastings Christian Hofmann Carsten Hoyer-Klick Ludwig Hülk Anna Kleinau Kevin Knosala Leander Kotzur Patrick Kuckertz Till Mossakowski Christoph Muschner Fabian Neuhaus Michaja Pehl Martin Robinius Vera Sehn Mirjam Stappel institute for Applied Ecology BerlinGermany institute for Applied Informatics(InfAI)/Leipzig University Germany Department of energy Systems Analysis Institute of Networked Energy SystemsGerman Aerospace Center(DLR)StuttgartGermany Faculty of Computer Science Otto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgGermany Reiner Lemoine Institut BerlinGermany institute of Techno-economic Systems Analysis(IEK-3) Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany institute of energy economics and rational energy use University of StuttgartGermany Potsdam institute for Climate Impact Research PotsdamGermany Fraunhofer institute for energy economics and energy System Technology KasselGermany

Heterogeneous data,different definitions and incompatible models are a huge problem in many domains,with no exception for the field of energy systems ***,it is hard to re-use results,compare model results or couple models at *** provide a precisely defined vocabulary to build a common and shared conceptu-alisation of the energy ***,we present the Open energy Ontology(OEO)developed for the domain of energy systems *** the OEO provides several benefits for the ***,it enables consistent annotation of large amounts of data from various research *** example is the Open energy Platform(OEP).Adding such annotations makes data semantically searchable,exchangeable,re-usable and ***,computational model coupling becomes much *** advantages of using an ontology such as the OEO are demonstrated with three use cases:data representation,data annotation and interface *** also describe how the ontology can be used for linked open data(LOD).

关键词： Collaborative ontology development Linked open data Metadata annotation energy systems analysis

A Reinforcement Learning approach for the continuous electricity market ofGermany: Trading from the perspective of a wind park operator

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energy and AI 2022年第2期8卷 67-78页

作者： Malte Lehna Björn Hoppmann Christoph Scholz RenéHeinrich Fraunhofer institute for energy economics and energy System Technology(IEE) Königstor 5934119 KasselGermany

With the rising extension of renewable energies, the intraday electricity markets have recorded a growingpopularity amongst traders as well as electric utilities to cope with the induced volatility of the energysupply. Through their short trading horizon and continuous nature, the intraday markets offer the abilityto adjust trading decisions from the day-ahead market or reduce trading risk in a short-term notice. Producersof renewable energies utilize the intraday market to lower their forecast risk, by modifying their providedcapacities based on current forecasts. However, the market dynamics are complex due to the fact that thepower grids have to remain stable and electricity is only partly storable. Consequently, robust and intelligenttrading strategies are required that are capable to operate in the intraday market. In this work, we proposea novel autonomous trading approach based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms as a possiblesolution. For this purpose, we model the intraday trade as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and employ theProximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm as our DRL approach. A simulation framework is introducedthat enables the trading of the continuous intraday price in a resolution of one minute steps. We test ourframework in a case study from the perspective of a wind park operator. We include next to general tradeinformation both price and wind forecasts. On a test scenario of German intraday trading results from 2018,we are able to outperform multiple baselines with at least 45.24% improvement, showing the advantage of theDRL algorithm. However, we also discuss limitations and enhancements of the DRL agent, in order to increasethe performance in future works.

关键词： Deep Reinforcement Learning German intraday electricity trading Deep neural networks Markov Decision Process Proximal Policy Optimization Electricity price forecast

Climate pledges versus commitment: Are policy actions of Middle-East and North African countries consistent with their emissions targets?

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2022年第4期13卷 612-621页

作者： Hermas ABUDU Presley K.WESSEH Jr Boqiang LIN School of Management China Institute for Studies in Energy PolicyCollaborative Innovation Center for Energy Economics and Energy PolicyXiamen UniversityFujian361005China Belt and Road Research institute Xiamen UniversityFujian361005China

Carbon emission is inevitable,and changes with energy consumption and economic development,presents policy options toward sustainable development ***,there is little assurance from policymakers in committing to climate change pledges:taking the Middle-East and North African(MENA)region as a specific case with using 2019 as a cut-off *** conducted an interim assessment of the Paris Agreement to ascertain whether climate actions are in tandem with emissions reduction *** use of difference-in-difference technique as a quasiexperiment supported by fixed-effects and placebo treatment models,the results point to evidence of less than 1%effective CO_(2) emissions reduction as of 2019 compared to the 2015 *** current carbon emissions reduction commitment level is far-reaching contrary to the Nationally Determined Contributions(NDCs)pledged(16.43%on average by 2030 compared to the 2015 level).The analysis suggests that achieving NDCs commitments are currently major burden on policymakers since the economic development is highly linked with nonrenewable energy ***,a more comprehensive framework when accounting for all available renewable and clean energy projects shows reduction levels in the range of 30%-40%from 2020 to *** results suggest that the Paris Agreement in MENA countries may be more effective from 2020,thus underscore the importance of capturing ongoing projects(involving renewable and clean energy technologies)into interim policy *** shared implication is that greater efforts are demanded from the region and at country levels to further decrease emissions through the use of negative emissions technologies particularly in the electricity generation sector.

关键词： Paris Agreement Carbon emissions reduction potential Carbon effciency:Climate change policy quasi-experiment MENA climate change performance

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF THE GREEN CLIMATE FUND

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2014年第3期23卷 266-299页

作者： Lian-biao CUI Lei ZHU Marco SPRINGMANN Ying FAN Center for energy and Environmental Policy Research Institute of Policy and ManagementChinese Academy of Sciences Department of economics University of Oldenburg

The Green Climate Fund （GCF） has been one of the core issues of the world climate summits under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change （UNFCCC） in recent years. However, the GCF has not progressed smoothly, and currently there are no satisfactory schemes for raising and distributing the fund. This paper first discusses how to finance the GCF among Annex II countries. It introduces the ＇preference score compromises＇（PSC） approach which is based on environmental responsibility and economic capacity, with historical emissions as an indicator for environmental responsibility and GDP as indicator for economic capacity. The results show that the United States and the European Union are the two largest contributors to the GCF, sponsoring more than 80% of the funds. Second, we discuss how to allocate the funds among non-Annex II parties. The ＇adaptation needs＇（AN） approach, which takes account of economic strength and climate damages, is proposed to achieve the adaptation purpose of the GCF, and the results reveal that African countries with high levels of climate vulnerability could get most funds, with a share of almost 30%. Regarding the mitigation purpose of the GCF, this research introduces two approaches： the ＇carbon reduction contribution＇（CC） approach and the ＇incremental cost＇（IC） approach. Both approaches could achieve significant reductions in carbon emissions in non-Annex II parties, whereas the latter may provide limited adaptation finance but result in more mitigation effects. This paper also develops a method to combine abatement efficiency and adaptation fairness of the GCF, and we find that with an equal split between the AN and CC （or AN and IC） approaches, the amount of USD 100 billion could finance an emissions reduction of 1613 MtCO2 （2477 MtCO2）, while allocating USD 16 （or USD 9） per capita for adaptation in non-Annex II parties. The schemes proposed may be useful for promoting the development of the GCF in the future.

关键词： Climate change green climate fund preference score compromises carbon reductioncontribution mitigation and adaptation

Effect analysis of carbon trading on Economy-energy-Environment system and calculation of reasonable carbon price intervals

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2015年第2期13卷 146-154页

作者： Rui Sun Dan Kuang Dongqin Chang Research institute of energy Technology and economics Chongqing University

This paper constructs a 4-lier computable general equilibrium model which includes such modules as modeling carbon emission constraints and carbon trading(CT),and incorporates the cost of carbon emissions into constant elasticity of substitute production *** scenario settings under different carbon abatement targets,based on 2007 national social accounting matrix and related statistical data about energy consumption and carbon emission,effects on economic outputs,energy consumption,and carbon abatement are estimated and analyzed at both macro and sector *** calculating selected novel indicators that compromise between macroeconomic opportunity cost and achievable carbon abatement,reasonable carbon price intervals are given for enhancing the robustness and liquidity of carbon ***,by decomposition and share-weighted methods,expected carbon abatement and energy price are measured and analyzed in *** results are meaningful for fundamental design of the future carbon *** constant energy utilization and carbon abatement technologies at the macro level,the higher the carbon price the more actual carbon abatement;the more gross domestic product loss,the less energy *** to the overall situation estimated for 2007 in China,the advice given is to introduce a carbon abatement target rate(R_c)of-10%,which is helpful to make carbon market stable against unexpected carbon price shocks between[6.9,35]/tC with less economic *** to Kaya decomposition,after introduction of carbon pricing,carbon abatement is mainly contributed by the effects of energy intensity(EI)and technical ***,CT may help reduce energy consumption and induce transformation to a low-carbon energy *** the sector level,the introduction of CT could induce economic recession in all sectors,especially ***,the overall economic structure remains unchanged to some *** will help reduce energy consumption in all s

关键词： Computable general equilibrium model carbon trading energy consumption carbon abatement scenario analysis

energy and economic impacts of an international multi-regional carbon market

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2015年第1期13卷 16-20页

作者： Tianyu Qi Yuanzhe Yang Xiliang Zhang institute of energy & Environmental economics Tsinghua University

The establishment of a global multi-regional carbon market is considered to be a cost effective approach to facilitate global emission abatement and has been widely *** ongoing planned linkage between the European Union's carbon market and a new emission trading system in Australia in 2015 would be an important attempt to the practice of building up an international carbon market across different *** understand the abatement effect of such a global carbon market and to study its energy and economic impact on different market participants,this article adopts a global dynamic computable general equilibrium model with a detailed representation of the interactions between energy and economic *** model includes 20 economic sectors and 19 regions,and describes in detail 17 energy *** with fossil fuel consumptions,the emission permits are considered to be essential inputs in each of the production and consumption activities in the economic system to simulate global carbon market *** emission permits are endogenously set in the model,and can be traded between sectors and *** the current development of the global carbon market,this study takes 2020 as the study *** scenarios(reference scenario,independent carbon market scenario,Europe Union(EUh-Australia scenario,and China-EU-Australia scenario) are designed to evaluate the impact of the global carbon market involving China,the EU,and *** find that the carbon price in the three countries varies a lot,from $32/tCO_2 in Australia,to $17.5/tCO_2 in the EU,and to $10/tCO_2 in *** the relative emission reduction(3%) in China is lower than that in the EU(9%) and Australia(18%),the absolute emission reduction in China is far greater than that in the EU and *** China is included in the carbon market,which already includes the EU and Australia,the prevailing global carbon price falls from $22 per ton carbon dioxide(CO_2) to $12/

关键词： emissions trading system global carbon market computable general equilibrium model

CGE model-based analysis of the neutralized hybrid carbon policy and its decomposed effects on economic growth,carbon reduction,and energy utilization costs

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2015年第1期13卷 43-54页

作者： Rui Sun Dan Kuang Research institute of energy Technology and economics Chongqing University

The hybrid policy is a flexible policy tool that combines features of carbon trading and carbon *** economic and environmental effects under China's background are still not studied in *** the exogenous carbon reduction targets,carbon prices,and carbon tax-rates,by computable general equilibrium modeling methods and factor decomposition methods,this article investigates direct and cascaded effects of the hybrid policy on economic growth,energy utilization,and carbon emission on the national level and the sector level,with China's national input-output ***,policy scenarios with irrational estimated results are selectively excluded based on comprehensive evaluation among economic,carbon reduction and other policy *** a result,against national economic conditions in 2007,the hybrid policy,with a carbon reduction target of -10%,a carbon tax-rate of around $10,and a ceiling carbon price of $40,is highly recommended,because of its significant lower economic loss,lower energy utilization cost,and practical robustness against fluctuation of energy market and carbon ***,by decomposition analysis,carbon reduction-related costs are decomposed into a direct part that includes carbon allowance price and carbon tax,and an indirect part as the energy price incremental induced by direct carbon *** carbon reduction may be decomposed into three parts such as energy intensity,economic scale,and technical ***,carbon taxation is the main policy tool that stimulates to improve the energy efficiency.

关键词： hybrid policy CGE modeling carbon taxation carbon trading energy utilization cost

Low-frequency Oscillation Damping Control for Large-scale Power System with Simplified Virtual Synchronous Machine

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean energy 2021年第6期9卷 1424-1435页

作者： Karim Sebaa Yang Zhou Yong Li Ayetül Gelen Hassan Nouri Advanced Electronics Systems Laboratory University of Medea institute of energy Systems Energy Efficiency and Energy EconomicsTU Dortmund University IEEE College of Electrical and Information Engineering Hunan University Department of Electrical Electronic Engineering Bursa Technical University Power Systems and energy Research Laboratory University of the West of England

This study focuses on a virtual synchronous machine(VSM) based on voltage source converters to mimic the behavior of synchronous machines(SMs) and improve the damping ratio of the power system. The VSM model is simplified according to some assumptions(neglecting the speed variation and the stator transients) to allow for the possibility of dealing with low-frequency oscillation in large-scale systems with many VSMs. Furthermore, a virtual power system stabilizer(VPSS) structure is proposed and tuned using a method based on a linearized power system dynamic model. The linear and nonlinear analyses examine the stability of two modified versions of a 16-machine power system in which, in the first case, partial classical machines are replaced by VSMs, and in the second case, all SMs are replaced by VSMs. The simulation results of the case studies validate the efficiency of the proposed control strategy.

关键词： Synchronous machine(SM) small-signal stability transient stability virtual power system stabilizer(VPSS) virtual synchronous machine(VSM)