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New scheme to trigger fusion in a compact magnetic fusion device by combining muon catalysis and alpha heating effects

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High Power laser Science and Engineering 2016年第4期4卷 1-7页

作者： S.D.Moustaizis P.Lalousis H.Hora Z.Henis S.Eliezer I.Ploumistakis Technical University of Crete Lab of Matter Structure and Laser Physics institute of electronic structure and laser FORTH Department of Theoretical Physics University of New South Wales Applied Physics Division Soreq NRC Nuclear Fusion institute Polytechnique University of MadridETSII

The application of laser pulses with psec or shorter duration enables nonthermal efficient ultrahigh acceleration of plasma blocks with homogeneous high ion energies exceeding ion current densities of 10^(12) A cm^(-2). The effects of ultrahigh acceleration of plasma blocks with high energy proton beams are proposed for muon production in a compact magnetic fusion device. The proposed new scheme consists of an ignition fusion spark by muon catalyzed fusion(μCF) in a small mirror-like configuration where low temperature D–T plasma is trapped for a duration of 1 μs. This initial fusion spark produces sufficient alpha heating in order to initiate the fusion process in the main device. The use of a multi-fluid global particle and energy balance code allows us to follow the temporal evolution of the reaction rate of the fusion process in the device. Recent progress on the ICAN and IZEST projects for high efficient high power and high repetition rate laser systems allows development of the proposed device for clean energy production. With the proposed approaches,experiments on fusion nuclear reactions and μCF process can be performed in magnetized plasmas in existing kJ/PW laser facilities as the GEKKO-LFEX, the PETAL and the ORION or in the near future laser facilities as the ELI-NP Romanian pillar.

关键词： alpha heating effect high energy density physics laser plasmas interaction laser proton acceleration high energy density physics muon catalyzed fusion ultra-intense ultra-short pulse laser interaction with matters

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Ultrahigh Acceleration of Plasma Blocks by Nonlinear Forces for Side-On laser Ignition of Solid Density Fusion Fuel

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第5期15卷 420-424页

作者： Heinrich HORA George H. MILEY HE Xiantu ZHENG Wudi Paraskevas LALOUSIS Istvan FLDES Sandor SZATMARI Stavros MOUSTAIZIS Reynaldo CASTILLO University of New South Wales University of Illinois Urbana institute of Applied Physics and Computation Mathematics institute of electronic structure and laser KFKI-Research institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics University of Szeged Technical University of Crete Institute of Matter Structure and Laser Physics University of Western Sydney

A fundamental difference of very high intensity laser interaction with plasmas from solid targets appears with lasing at picosecond （ps） pulse durations in contrast to pulses of nanosec-onds （ns）. This can be seen from the more than 10,000 times higher acceleration with ps pulse du-rations than with thermal pressure determined interaction. A ps pulse duration produces instantly acting high-efficiency nonlinear （ponderomotive） electrodynamic force dominated acceleration in contrast to heating with longer pulses. The ps pulses accelerate high-density plasma blocks. This can be used by a new scheme of side-on driven laser fusion with generating a flame ignition in uncompressed fusion fuel of solid density resulting in a reaction velocity of more than 2000 km/s for DT.

关键词： laser driven fusion fast ignition nonlinear (ponderomotive) force ultrahighacceleration

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Morphology and structure of Nb Thin Films Grown by Pulsed laser Deposition at Different Substrate Temperatures

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2016年第11期32卷 1192-1196页

作者： F.Gontad A.Lorusso A.Manousaki A.Klini A.Perrone Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi" University of Salento and National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) institute of electronic structure and laser (IESL) Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)

This paper reports the fabrication of Nb thin films through pulsed laser deposition at different substrate temperatures, ranging from 300 to 660 K. While the variation of the substrate temperature does not affect significantly the excellent Nb thin film adhesion to the Si（100） substrate surface, the increase of the substrate temperature up to 570 K promotes an improvement of the grown film in terms of morphology and roughness. Such improvement is achieved through the formation of wider columnar structures with a reduced superficial roughness, around 5 nm, as shown by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and atomic force microscopy. The use of temperatures over 570 K increases the substrate roughness due to the formation of irregular structures inside the film, as observed by SEM cross section analysis, and does not produce a relevant improvement on the crystalline structure of the material.

关键词： Pulsed laser deposition Niobium Superconducting radiofrequency cavities Deposition temperature

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MULTISPECTRAL UNMIXING OF FLUORESCENCE MOLECULAR TOMOGRAPHY DATA

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第4期2卷 353-364页

作者： MARIA SIMANTIRAKI ROSY FAVICCHIO STELIOS PSYCHARAKIS GIANNIS ZACHARAKIS JORGE RIPOLL institute of electronic structure and laser Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas 71110 HeraklionCreteGreece institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas 71110 HeraklionCreteGreece

Even though multispectral imaging is considered very significant in biological imaging,it is only commonly used in microscopy in a 2D ***,we present a Fluorescence Molecular Tomography system capable of recording simultaneously tomographic data at several spectral windows,enabling multispectral tomography.3D reconstructed data from several spectral windows is used to construct a linear unmixing algorithm for multispectral deconvolution of overlapping fluorescence *** method is applied on tomographic 3D fluorescence concentration maps in tissue-mimicking phantoms,yielding absolute quantification of the concentration of each individual *** are compared to the case when unmixing is performed in the raw 2D data instead of the reconstructed 3D concentration map,showing greater accuracy when unmixing algorithms are applied in the reconstructed *** the reflection and transmission geometries are considered.

关键词： Optical tomography multispectral imaging in vivo imaging fluorescence quantification.

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Review of a New IR Nonlinear Optical BaGa_4Se_7 Crystal

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Journal of electronic Science and Technology 2016年第1期14卷 6-11页

作者： Wen-Tao Xu De-Gang Xu Yu-Ye Wang Peng-Xiang Liu Wei Shi Jian-Quan Yao the institute of laser & Opto-electronic College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronic EngineeringTianjin University

A newly grown Ba Ga4Se7 crystal has been synthesized via the Bridgman-Stockbarger *** new crystal has advantages of high nonlinear optics（NLO） coefficients,high laser damage thresholds,and wide transparent *** Ba Ga4Se7 crystal has bright application prospects as a nonlinear gain medium in mid-infrared and terahertz *** this paper,the crystalline structure and synthetic method of the Ba Ga4Se7 crystal are *** refractive indices and absorption coefficients along three dielectric axes between 0.1 THz and 1.0 THz are also *** terahertz difference frequency generation（THz-DFG） characteristics based on the BaG a4Se7 crystal in the frequency range of 0.1 THz to 1.0 THz are analyzed theoretically and the phase-matching conditions are *** application of Ba Ga4Se7 crystals in terahertz wave generation is also discussed.

关键词： BaGa4Se7 Bridgman-Stockbarger mid-infrared nonlinear gain medium THz-DFG

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Three-dimensional simulation of a Ka-band relativistic Cherenkov source with metal photonic-band-gap structures

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Chinese Physics B 2009年第6期18卷 2452-2458页

作者：高喜杨梓强亓丽梅兰峰史宗君李大治梁正 Research institute of High Energy electronics University of Electronic Science and Technology of China institute for laser Technology

This paper presents a three-dimensional particle-in-cell （PIC） simulation of a Ka-band relativistic Cherenkov source with a slow wave structure （SWS） consisting of metal photonic band gap （PBG） structures. In the simulation, a perfect match layer boundary is employed to absorb passing band modes supported by the PBG lattice with an artificial metal boundary. The simulated axial field distributions in the cross section and surface of the SWS demonstrate that the device operates in the vicinity of the π point of a TM01-1ike mode. The Fourier transformation spectra of the axial fields as functions of time and space show that only a single frequency appears at 36.27 GHz, which is in good agreement with that of the intersection of the dispersion curve with the slow space charge wave generated on the beam. The simulation results demonstrate that the SWS has good mode selectivity.

关键词： Cherenkov source slow wave structure photonic band gap three-dimensional particlein-cell

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A symmetry concept and significance of fringe patterns as a direct diagnostic tool in artwork conservation

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第2期3卷 58-79页

作者： Vivi Tornari institute of electronic structure and laser/Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Nikolaou Plastira 100VoutesHeraklionCreteGreece

Previous collaborative studies have shown the main fringe patterns and their typical classification with regard to ***,the complexity of the results prevents defect detection automation based on a fringe pattern classification *** use of fringe patterns for the structural diagnosis of artwork is important for conveying crucial detailed information and dense data sources that are unmatched compared to those obtained using other conventional or modern *** interferometry fringe patterns uniquely reveal existing and potential structural conditions independent of object shape,surface complexity,material inhomogeneity,multilayered and mixed media structures,without requiring contact and interaction with the precious ***,introducing a concept that from one hand allows fringe patterns to be considered as a powerful standalone physical tool for direct structural condition evaluation with a focus on artwork conservators'need for structural diagnosis while sets a conceptual basis for defect detection automation is *** aim intensifies when the particularities of ethics and safety in the field of art conservation are *** are ways to obtain the advantages of fringe patterns even when specialized software and advanced analysis algorithms fail to convey usable *** treating the features of fringe patterns through step-wise reasoning provides direct diagnosis while formulates the knowledge basis to automate defect isolation and identification procedures for machine learning and artificial intelligence(AI)*** transfer of understanding of the significance of fringe patterns through logical steps to an AI system is this work's ultimate technical *** on topic is ongoing.

关键词： Holography Holographic interferometry Speckle interferometry Fringe patterns Artwork Cultural heritage Heritage science Symmetry

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Super-sensitive detection of quantum interferometer in atmospheric environment

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2017年第3期60卷 195-201页

作者： Yihua HU Shilong XU State key Laboratory of Pulsed Power laser Electronic Engineering Institute Key Laboratory of electronic Restriction of Anhui Province

With squeezed states or entangled states being the source, quantum metrology, imaging and sensing can break the standard quantum limit(SQL), even reach the Heisenberg limit(HL), which is difficult to achieve by traditional methods. However, the photon loss or phase fluctuation caused by the atmospheric attenuation and turbulence cannot be ignored in the actual application. Atmospheric transmittance and phase fluctuation are related to the detection distance, and the phase sensitivity becomes worse as the distance increases. As the functions of distance, the photon loss and phase fluctuation are uniformly expressed according to the introduction of atmospheric attenuation coefficient, turbulence structure constant and receive aperture size in this *** density matrixes and phase sensitivities of N00 N states and M&M′ states in the atmospheric environment are proposed in terms of distance variables. Then the quantitative computation of super-sensitive distance is carried out. SQL-contour is proposed to describe the super-sensitive ability of the quantum interferometer for the affection from both photon loss and phase fluctuation. The simulation results show that, in atmospheric environment the super-sensitive distance can reach hundreds of meters. M&M′ states with less total photon number are more likely to reflect the advantage of super-sensitivity. SQL-contour can provide references for interferometric source choosing.

关键词： quantum interferometer standard quantum limit entangled states phase sensitivity atmospheric transmission

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Biochar filler in MEX and VPP additive manufacturing:characterization and reinforcement effects in polylactic acid and standard grade resin matrices

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Biochar 2023年第1期5卷 674-694页

作者： Nectarios Vidakis Dimitrios Kalderis Markos Petousis Emmanuel Maravelakis Nikolaos Mountakis Nikolaos Bolanakis Vassilis Papadakis Department of Mechanical Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University71410 HeraklionGreece Department of electronic Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University73133 ChaniaGreece institute of electronic structure and laser of the Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas 71110 HeraklionGreece

The development of sustainable and functional biocomposites remains a robust research and industrial ***,the efficiency of using eco-friendly biochar as reinforcement in Additive Manufacturing(AM)was *** AM technologies were applied,i.e.,vat photopolymerization(VPP)and material extrusion(MEX).A standard-grade resin in VPP and the also eco-friendly biodegradable Polylactic Acid(PLA)in the MEX process were selected as polymeric *** was prepared in the study from olive *** were developed for both 3D printing processes at different biochar *** were 3D-printed and mechanically tested after international test *** Analysis and Raman revealed the thermal and structural characteristics of the *** and fractographic features were derived,among others,with Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM)and Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM).Biochar was proven to be sufficient reinforcement agent,especially in the filament MEX process,reaching more than 20%improvement at 4 wt.%loading in tensile strength compared to the pure PLA control *** the VPP process,results were not as satisfactory,still,a 5%improvement was achieved in the flexural strength with 0.5 wt.%biochar *** findings prove the strong potential of biochar-based composites in AM applications,too.

关键词： Biochar Resin Polylactic acid(PLA) Vat photopolymerization(VPP) Material extrusion(MEX) Mechanical characterization

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Post-glass melting synthesis and photochromic properties of composite AgCl-AgPO_(3)glasses

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Journal of Materiomics 2023年第3期9卷 455-463页

作者： Marios Adamidis Ioannis Konidakis Emmanuel Stratakis institute of electronic structure and laser(IESL) Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas(FORTH)HeraklionCrete71110Greece Department of Materials Science and Technology University of CreteHeraklionCrete71003Greece

We herein present a simple,fast,low-temperature,post-glass melting fabrication protocol in which a photochromic silver cation based modified zone is incorporated within silver metaphosphate glass(AgPO_(3)).The selection of AgPO_(3)glass is mainly based on its relative“soft”nature(T_(g)=192℃)that enables the integration of silver cations from the surface deposited AgCl layer,while being transparent in most of the visible range,and therefore suitable for smart photochromic window *** suggested synthesis procedure permits the controlled formation of a silver cation modified layer within the host glass matrix,while the characteristics of the layer itself can be adjusted *** findings reveal a direct relationship between the developed composite AgCleAgPO_(3)glass photochromic response and the morphological features of the integrated layer,i.e.,thickness and *** importantly,the photochromic response time with various UV irradiation doses is also studied,where remarkable response times of several seconds are *** and efforts to further enhance the photochromic performance by utilizing the presence of silver nanoparticles within the glass matrix are also presented and discussed.

关键词： Silver chloride Silver metaphosphate glass Soft phosphate glass Post-glass melting incorporation Photochromic properties

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