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Two thin middle-crust low-velocity zones imaged in the Chuan-Dian region of southeastern Tibetan Plateau and their tectonic implications

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Science China earth sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1675-1686页

作者： Long LI Xin WANG Guangbing HOU Yuan LING Yinshuang AI Key Laboratory of earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Innovation Academy for earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

Intracrustal low-velocity zones(LVZs)indicate a mechanically weak crust and are widely observed in the southeast margin of the Tibetan ***,their spatial distributions and formation mechanisms remain *** investigate their distribution and detailed morphology of the LVZs in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,here we used teleseismic events and continuous waveform data recorded by 40 broadband seismic stations newly deployed in the Sichuan-Yunnan region from December 2018 to October 2020.A total of 12,924 high-quality P-wave receiver functions and 5–40 s fundamental Rayleigh surface wave phase velocity dispersion curves from ambient noise cross-correlation functions were *** Swave velocity model at a depth interval of 0–100 km in the study area was inverted by using the trans-dimensional Markov chain Monte Carlo strategy to jointly invert the complementary data of the receiver function waveform and Rayleigh surface wave phase velocity *** results show that there are two separate LVZs(~3.5 km/s)surrounding the rigid Daliangshan subblock at crustal depths of approximately 30–40 km,providing new constraints on the geometry of the LVZs in our study *** two LVZs obtained in this study may represent the middle crustal flow channels,through which the material in the center of the Tibetan Plateau extrudes to its southeast *** by the rigid Sichuan Basin and the spindle-like Daliangshan subblock,the material continues to flow southward through the mechanically weak middle crustal channels surrounding the Daliangshan *** addition,the existence of thin LVZs in the middle crust plays an important role in understanding the decoupling between the upper and lower crust in the study *** also provides new constraint on the complex tectonic deformation process of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau caused by the collision and compression of the Indian and the Eurasian plates.

关键词： Southeastern Tibetan Plateau Joint inversion Intracrustal low-velocity zone Mid-crustal channel flow

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TP-PROFILE: monitoring the Thermodynamic Structure of the Troposphere over the Third Pole

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1264-1277页

作者： Xuelong CHEN Yajing LIU Yaoming MA Weiqiang MA Xiangde XU Xinghong CHENG Luhan LI Xin XU Binbin WANG Land-Atmosphere Interaction and its Climatic Effects Group State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China national Observation and Research Station for Qomolongma Special Atmospheric Processes and Environmental Changes Dingri 858200China China-Pakistan Joint Research center on earth sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesIslamabad 45320Pakistan College of Atmospheric Science Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Kathmandu center of Research and Education Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Disastrous Weather China Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

Ground-based microwave radiometers(MWRs)operating in the K-and V-bands(20–60 GHz)can help us obtain temperature and humidity profiles in the *** from some soundings from local meteorological observatories,the tropospheric atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)has never been continuously *** part of the Chinese Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP),the Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Profile(TPPROFILE)project aims to construct a comprehensive MWR troposphere observation network to study the synoptic processes and environmental changes on the *** initiative has collected three years of data from the MWR *** paper introduces the data information,the data quality,and data *** applications of the data obtained from these MWRs were also *** comparisons of MWR against the nearest radiosonde observation demonstrate that the TP-PROFILE MWR system is adequate for monitoring the thermal and moisture variability of the troposphere over the *** continuous temperature and moisture profiles derived from the MWR data provide a unique perspective on the evolution of the thermodynamic structure associated with the heating of the *** TP-PROFILE project reveals that the low-temporal resolution instruments are prone to large uncertainties in their vapor estimation in the mountain valleys on the TP.

关键词： microwave radiometer thermodynamic structure vertical profile Tibetan Plateau

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Druse Calcite Crystals Formed by Mesoproterozoic Paleo-earthquake Activity in the Northern Margin of the North China Craton

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Journal of earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 514-524页

作者： Yueshuang Du Zhiguang Zhou Guosheng Wang Chen Wu Wenchao Xu School of earth sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau Uplift Institute of Tibetan Plateau Researchand Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China No.1 institute of Geological and Mineral Resources Survey Henan Bureau of Geo-Exploration&Mineral DevelopmentLuoyang471000China

The Meso-neoproterozoic Bayan Obo rift is located along the northern margin of the North China Craton,and was associated with the break-up of the Columbia *** rift evolution,syn-sedimentary deformation occurred due to tectonic activity and *** events are recorded in the Jianshan Formation of the Bayan Obo Group,Inner Mongolia,as soft sediment deformation structures in the central Bayan Obo *** calcite crystals and collapse breccias in the Jianshan Formation may provide information on the rift *** druse calcite crystals are idiomorphic-columnar in shape and associated with graphite,pyrite,and quartz.δ^(13)C values of the graphite are−20‰,indicative of biogenic deoxygenation and formation in *** druse calcite crystals are inorganic in origin and formed in water at a temperature of 55℃,based on calciteδ^(13)C andδ^(18)O *** calcite grew in paleo-caves containing fault breccias,with heat derived from *** such,the druse calcite crystals are important evidence for seismic *** collapse breccias(i.e.,fault breccias)and other indicators of slip show that displacement occurred from NE to SW,which is different from the paleocurrent direction in the Jianshan *** thickness of the collapse breccia is∼200 m,which represents the height of the fault *** strike of the fault scarp was NE-SW,based on the distribution of the collapse *** Bayan Obo and Yanliao rifts experienced rapid NW-SE extension,and developed similar deformation structures at ca.1.6 Ga related to break-up of the Columbia supercontinent.

关键词： North China Craton druse calcite crystals paleo-earthquake activity collapse breccia Bayan Obo rift Proterozoic

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Construction and Application of a Regional Kilometer-Scale Carbon Source and Sink Assimilation Inversion System(CCMVS-R)

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Engineering 2024年第2期33卷 263-275页

作者： Lifeng Guo Xiaoye Zhang Junting Zhong Deying Wang Changhong Miao Licheng Zhao Zijiang Zhou Jie Liao Bo Hu Lingyun Zhu Yan Chen monitoring and Assessment center for GHGs and Carbon Neutrality&Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Laboratory of Climate Change Mitigation and Carbon Neutrality Henan UniversityZhengzhou 450001China national Meteorological Information center Beijing 100081China Shanxi Meteorological Administration Taiyuan 030002China Shanxi Provincial institute of Meteorological sciences Taiyuan 030002China Jiangsu Provincial Climate center Nanjing 210000China

CO_(2)is one of the most important greenhouse gases(GHGs)in the earth’s *** the industrial era,anthropogenic activities have emitted excessive quantities of GHGs into the atmosphere,resulting in climate warming since the 1950s and leading to an increased frequency of extreme weather and climate *** 2020,China committed to striving for carbon neutrality by *** commitment and China’s consequent actions will result in significant changes in global and regional anthropogenic carbon emissions and therefore require timely,comprehensive,and objective monitoring and verification support(MVS)*** MVS approach relies on the top-down assimilation and inversion of atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)Inventory Guidelines in ***,the regional high-resolution assimilation and inversion method is still in its initial stage of ***,we have constructed an inverse system for carbon sources and sinks at the kilometer level by coupling proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)with four-dimensional variational(4DVar)data assimilation based on the weather research and forecasting-greenhouse gas(WRF-GHG)*** China Carbon Monito ring and Verification Support at the Regional level(CCMVS-R)system can continuously assimilate information on atmospheric CO_(2)and other related information and realize the inversion of regional and local anthropogenic carbon emissions and natural terrestrial ecosystem carbon *** CO_(2)data were collected from six ground-based monito ring sites in Shanxi Province,China to verify the inversion effect of regio nal anthropogenic carbon emissions by setting ideal and real experiments using a two-layer nesting method(at 27 and 9 km).The uncertainty of the simulated atmospheric CO_(2)decreased significantly,with a root-mean-square error of CO_(2)concentration values between the ideal value and the simulated after assimilation was close to

关键词： CCMVS-R Regional carbon assimilation system Anthropogenic carbon emissions CO_(2) POD 4DVar

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Kilometer-resolution three-dimensional crustal deformation of Tibetan Plateau from InSAR and GNSS

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Science China earth sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1818-1835页

作者： Chuanjin LIU Lingyun JI Liangyu ZHU Caijun XU Chaoying ZHAO Zhong LU Qingliang WANG School of Geodesy and Geomatics Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China The Second monitoring and Application center China Earthquake AdministrationXi’an 710054China College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China Roy M.Huffington Department of earth sciences Southern Methodist UniversityDallasTX 75025USA

Located at the forefront of the collision between the Indian and Eurasian Plates,the Tibetan Plateau experiences intense crustal *** ground-based geodetic monitoring,such as GNSS and leveling,is challenging,due to factors such as high altitude and harsh climate,making it difficult to accurately determine a high-resolution crustal deformation field of the *** by ground observation conditions,InSAR technique has key advantages for obtaining extensive and high-resolution crustal deformation *** makes it indispensable for crustal deformation monitoring on the Tibetan *** study used Sentinel-1 data from 2014 to 2020 to compute the ascending and descending InSAR deformation fields for the Tibetan *** was conducted with a measurement accuracy of approximately 3 mm/*** upon this,we integrated InSAR and GNSS data to yield kilometer-resolution three-dimensional(3D)crustal deformation and strain rate fields for the Tibetan Plateau.A spherical wavelet analysis was used to decompose the 3D deformation field and separate the nontectonic crustal deformation to increase the strength of the tectonic deformation ***-wavelength(seismic deformations,and other non-tectonic *** wavelength(>110 km)deformation mainly results from subsidence in the central plateau and uplifts along the Himalayan *** indicates that the Tibetan Plateau may have stopped the entire uplift and entered a local collapse ***,the deformation fields at different spatial scales reveal that the plateau exhibits discontinuous deformation in short wavelengths and continuous deformation in long *** findings of this study contribute to resolving the controversy between the Block and Continuum Deformation models of the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau InSAR GNSS 3D Deformation Deformation Model

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Mixing states and secondary formation processes of organic nitrogen-containing single particles in Guangzhou,China

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第4期138卷 62-73页

作者： Lijun Yun Chunlei Cheng Suxia Yang Zaihua Wang Mei Li Qi En Zhong LiyuanMao Sulin Liu Xiaoya Cheng Duanying Chen Fan Yang Zhen Zhou institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for on-line source apportionment system of air pollutionJinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality Guangzhou 510632China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy ScienceXi’an 710061China institute for Environment and Climate Research Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 510632China Guangdong Academy of sciences Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth DevelopmentGuangzhou 510650China Environmental monitoring Station of Pudong New District Shanghai 201200China

Organic nitrogen(ON)compounds play a significant role in the light absorption of brown carbon and the formation of organic aerosols,however,the mixing state,secondary formation processes,and influencing factors of ON compounds are still *** paper reports on the mixing state of ON-containing particles based on measurements obtained using a highperformance single particle aerosol mass spectrometer in January 2020 in *** ON-containing particles accounted for 21% of the total detected single particles,and the particle count and number fraction of the ON-containing particles were two times higher at night than during the *** prominent increase in the content of ON-containing particles with the enhancement of NO_xmainly occurred at night,and accompanied by high relative humidity and nitrate,which were associated with heterogeneous reactions between organics and gaseous NO_(x)and/or NO_(3)*** synchronous decreases in ON-containing particles and the mass absorption coefficient of water-soluble extracts at 365 nm in the afternoon may be associated with photo-bleaching of the ON species in the *** addition,the positive matrix factorization analysis found five factors dominated the formation processes of ON particles,and the nitrate factor(33%)mainly contributed to the production of ON particles at *** results of this study provide unique insights into the mixing states and secondary formation processes of the ON-containing particles.

关键词： Organic nitrogen compounds Single particles Mixing state Secondary formation Nighttime chemistry

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Crustal and uppermost mantle structure of the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau from joint inversion of surface wave dispersions and receiver functions with P velocity constraints

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earthquake Science 2024年第2期37卷 93-106页

作者： Pei Zhang Xiaodong Song Jiangtao Li Xingchen Wang Xuezhen Zhang institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100081China The Second monitoring and Application center China Earthquake AdministrationXi'an 710054China institute of Theoretical and Applied Geophysics School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Geophysics School of Geodesy and GeomaticsWuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

Lithospheric structure beneath the northeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is of vital significance for studying the geodynamic processes of crustal thickening and expansion of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. We conducted a joint inversion of receiver functions and surface wave dispersions with P-wave velocity constraints using data from the Chin Array Ⅱ temporary stations deployed across the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Prior to joint inversion, we applied the H-κ-c method(Li JT et al., 2019) to the receiver function data in order to correct for the back-azimuthal variations in the arrival times of Ps phases and crustal multiples caused by crustal anisotropy and dipping interfaces. High-resolution images of vS, crustal thickness, and vP/vSstructures in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau were simultaneously derived from the joint inversion. The seismic images reveal that crustal thickness decreases outward from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The stable interiors of the Ordos and Alxa blocks exhibited higher velocities and lower crustal vP/vSratios. While, lower velocities and higher vP/vSratios were observed beneath the Qilian Orogen and Songpan-Ganzi terrane(SPGZ), which are geologically active and mechanically weak, especially in the mid-lower *** or thermal erosion of the lithosphere triggered by hot asthenospheric flow contributes to the observed uppermost mantle low-velocity zones(LVZs) in the SPGZ. The crustal thickness, vS, and vP/vSratios suggest that whole lithospheric shortening is a plausible mechanism for crustal thickening in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, supporting the idea of coupled lithospheric-scale deformation in this region.

关键词： joint inversion receiver functions surface waves crustal thickness vP/vS ratio NE Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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New Record Ocean Temperatures and Related Climate Indicators in 2023

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1068-1082页

作者： Lijing CHENG John ABRAHAM Kevin E.TRENBERTH Tim BOYER Michael EMANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG Fujiang YU Ricardo LOCARNINI John FASULLO Fei ZHENG Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Dakui WANG Licheng FENG Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco RESEGHETTI Simona SIMONCELLI Viktor GOURETSKI Gengxin CHEN Alexey MISHONOV Jim REAGAN Karina VON SCHUCKMANN Yuying PAN Zhetao TAN Yujing ZHU Wangxu WEI Guancheng LI Qiuping REN Lijuan CAO Yayang LU International center for Climate and Environment sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesota 55105USA NSF national center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307USA University of Auckland Auckland 1010New Zealand national Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental InformationSilver SpringMaryland 20910USA Department of earth and Environmental Science University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China national Marine Environmental Forecasting center Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaBeijing 100081China Oceanographic Data center Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China national Marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171China Italian national Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentS.Teresa Research CenterLerici 19032Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sede di BolognaBologna 40128Italy South China Sea institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China ESSIC/CISESS-MD University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20740USA Mercator Ocean International Toulouse 31400France Eco-Environmental monitoring and Research center Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentPRCGuangzhou 510611China national Meteorological Information center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China International Research center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China

The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human *** 2023,the sea surface temperature(SST)and upper 2000 m ocean heat content(OHC)reached record *** 0–2000 m OHC in 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15±10 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules=1021 Joules)(updated IAP/CAS data);9±5 ZJ(NCEI/NOAA data).The Tropical Atlantic Ocean,the Mediterranean Sea,and southern oceans recorded their highest OHC observed since the *** with the onset of a strong El Niño,the global SST reached its record high in 2023 with an annual mean of~0.23℃ higher than 2022 and an astounding>0.3℃ above 2022 values for the second half of *** density stratification and spatial temperature inhomogeneity indexes reached their highest values in 2023.

关键词： ocean heat content salinity stratification global warming climate

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Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Rainfall over Different Terrain Features in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin during the Warm Seasons of 2016–20

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2024年第5期41卷 915-936页

作者： Qian WEI Jianhua SUN Shenming FU Yuanchun ZHANG Xiaofang WANG Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms(LACS) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences(IAP/CAS)Beijing 100029China Collaborative Innovation center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100029China International center for Climate and Environment sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Hubei Key Laboratory for Heavy Rian monitoring and Warning Research Institute of Heavy RainChina Meteorological Administration(CMA)Wuhan 430205China

Based on hourly rain gauge data during May–September of 2016–20,we analyze the spatiotemporal distributions of total rainfall(TR)and short-duration heavy rainfall(SDHR;hourly rainfall≥20 mm)and their diurnal variations over the middle reaches of the Yangtze River *** all three types of terrain(i.e.,mountain,foothill,and plain),the amount of TR and SDHR both maximize in June/July,and the contribution of SDHR to TR(CST)peaks in August(amount:23%;frequency:1.74%).Foothill rainfall is characterized by a high TR amount and a high CST(in amount);mountain rainfall is characterized by a high TR frequency but a small CST(in amount);and plain rainfall shows a low TR amount and frequency,but a high CST(in amount).Overall,stations with high TR(amount and frequency)are mainly located over the mountains and in the foothills,while those with high SDHR(amount and frequency)are mainly concentrated in the foothills and plains close to mountainous *** all three types of terrain,the diurnal variations of both TR and SDHR exhibit a double peak(weak early morning and strong late afternoon)and a phase shift from the early-morning peak to the late-afternoon peak from May to *** the late-afternoon peak,the amount of TR and SDHR in the foothills is larger than over the mountains and *** TR intensity in the foothills increases significantly from midnight to afternoon,suggesting that thermal instability may play an important role in this process.

关键词： short duration heavy rainfall diurnal variation foothill rainfall

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Study on crustal thickness and the prediction of prolific depressions:the Bohai Basin as an example

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2024年第4期43卷 92-104页

作者： Mengke Cai Gongcheng Zhang Wanyin Wang Dingding Wang College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China China national Offshore Oil Corporation(CNOOC)Research institute Co. Ltd.Beijing 100028China Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China national Engineering Research center of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration Beijing 100028China Department of earth Environment and Resources SciencesUniversity of Naples FedericoⅡNaples 80138Italy

The deep crustal structure is closely related to oil and gas *** the oil and gas enrichment of depressions based on the Moho depth and crustal thickness is a promising research topic with significant implications for guiding exploration in petroliferous *** this study,seismic data were used as a constraint on the use of satellite gravity anomaly inversion to obtain the distribution of Moho depth and crustal thickness in the Bohai *** factors were calculated to analyze the differential distribution of deep crustal structural *** indicators,including the minimum Moho depth,minimum crustal thickness,sum of Moho stretching factors,and sum of crustal stretching factors,were *** component analysis was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the multi-indicator system and obtain an oil and gas enrichment score for quantitative prediction of favorable prolific *** deviation between the inverted Moho depth and seismic constraints was small;thus,the data effectively reflect the variations in the characteristics of each *** analysis revealed significant statistical features related to the minimum Moho depth/crustal thickness and the sum of Moho/crustal stretching factors associated with prolific *** on the oil and gas enrichment score,the depressions were classified into four categories related to their different deep crustal structural *** active ClassⅠ,ClassⅡ,and ClassⅢdepressions are predicted to be favorable prolific *** study expands the research on quantitatively predicting favorable prolific depressions in the Bohai Basin using the deep crustal structure and can contribute to reducing production costs and improving exploration efficiency in future explorations.

关键词： Bohai Basin satellite gravity anomaly deep crustal structure Moho depth crustal thickness favorable prolific depression

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