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Long-duration aqueous Zn-ion batteries achieved by dual-salt highly-concentrated electrolyte with low water activity

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 778-785页

作者： Lvzhang Jiang Lingbo Yao Gege Wang Chang Liu Xiaowei Chi Yu Liu Shanghai institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese academy of sciences

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have attracted much attention due to their unique high safety and low-cost ***,their practical applications are at a slow pace due to their short cycle life,which fundamentally results from the instability of the positive/negative electrode interface in the traditional dilute aqueous electrolytes with high water *** highly concentrated electrolyte（HCE）has been considered as an effective *** previous studies of single salt-based HCE（SSHCE）,herein,a new dual-salt HCE（15 m ZnCl2+10 m NH4NH2SO3DS-HCE） was proposed for the first ***-HCE was proven to simultaneously possess higher conductivity than traditional dilute electrolytes and ultralow water activity of SS-HCE by the regulation of dual high-concentration salts on the solvation structure,which renders the Zn‖Zn symmetric cell the record-long cycling life of 2200 h compared with those with SS-HCE（30 m ZnCl2,300 h） and other reported ***,the Zn‖NH4V4O10full cell with DS-HCE demonstrated impressed rate capability within a wide-range current densities from 0.1 to 10 A ***,at the high current density of 5 A g-1,the full cell shows almost100% capacity retention after 4000 cycles,which indicates the promising future of the DS-HCE system for long-duration aqueous Zn-ion batteries.

关键词： Ammonium vanadate Aqueous zinc battery Cycling stability Electrolyte

MITM: A new Mars Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model

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earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第02期9卷 337-345页

作者： ZhiPeng Ren YunBo Liu WeiXing Wan Yong Wei XinAn Yue Key Laboratory of earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation academy for earth science Chinese Academy of Sciences College of earth and Planetary sciences University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

In this study, we present an innovative Mars Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model（MITM）, which is a time-dependent, threedimensional（3-D） model that comprehensively represents the self-consistently coupled thermosphere and ionosphere of Mars within the altitude range of 70-300 km. The model incorporates an extensive range of parameters, including neutral number densities of CO2, CO,O, O2, N2, NO, N（2D）, N（4S）, Ar, and He; ion number densities of CO2+, CO+, O+, O2+, N2+, NO+, N+ions, and electrons; neutral temperature;and neutral wind fields. The MITM code employs a high-resolution grid system in a spherical geographical coordinate system, with a horizontal resolution of 5° latitude by 7.5° longitude. This altitude-resolved grid system enables accurate depiction of spatial variations in the Martian thermosphere and ionosphere. To showcase the capabilities of the MITM, we present two simulation cases: one during the equinox and another during the solstice. Both simulations reproduce key features of the Martian thermosphere and ionosphere including the characteristics of horizontal circulation, diurnal variations in chemical composition, and distribution of electron density. The MITM offers a robust framework for understanding the intricate interactions and processes that shape the Mars thermosphere and ionosphere,which are crucial for enhancing our understanding of Martian upper atmosphere and ionosphere.

关键词： Mars thermosphere ionosphere modeling

Grounded-source short offset transient electromagnetic method:Theory and applications in deep mineral exploration

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science China earth sciences 2025年第2期68卷 626-638页

作者： Guoqiang XUE Xin WU Weiying CHEN Nannan ZHOU Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The Transient Electromagnetic(TEM)method is a critical geophysical technique for subsurface exploration of metal ore bodies,primarily utilizing either loop or grounded *** Long Offset Transient Electromagnetic(LOTEM)method employs a grounded-source transmitter,relying on a far-source observation mode and plane wave approximation for ***,LOTEM's far-source configuration weakens signal strength,and the plane wave approximation reduces precision,limiting effective detection depth to approximately 1000 m with a comprehensive error of about 15%.Recently,we have developed the grounded-source Short Offset Transient Electromagnetic(SOTEM)method,achieving greater detection depth and accuracy within the 500–2000 m depth range,a crucial interval for mineral resource *** study explores the theoretical framework,instrumentation,data processing,and field applications of *** on a point charge element model,SOTEM accurately computes surface wave effects in EM field calculations,optimized for near-source ***-power,high-resolution,wide-bandwidth exploration equipment and an advanced three-dimensional hybrid inversion technique were also developed to enhance the method's *** of SOTEM to the deep exploration of the Zhou'an Ni-Cu-PGE deposit in Henan Province yielded high-resolution imaging of conductivity structures to about 2.5 km *** results,consistent with existing drill data,delineated mineralized ore bodies from surrounding formations,identified zones of mineralization potential,and suggested extensive resource prospects in the region.

关键词： Far-source observation Plane wave model approximation Grounded-source short-offset transient electromagnetic method Wide-bandwidth exploration equipment Three-dimensional hybrid inversion

Spatiotemporal evolution of wildfire activity during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in China

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science China earth sciences 2025年第2期68卷 509-522页

作者： Xue-Ting WANG Zuoling CHEN Linlin CUI Xu WANG State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese academy of sciences College of Earth and Planetary SciencesBeijing 100049China institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum(PETM)was the most prominent warming event in the Cenozoic and serves as a geological analog for the current global warming driven by anthropogenic CO_(2)emissions from burning fossil *** a primary disruptor of earth's ecosystems,wildfire activity affects the balance of ecosystems,the global carbon cycle,and climate ***,studying the evolution and driving mechanisms of wildfires during the PETM is essential for predicting wildfire activity under global warming scenarios and for understanding the carbon cycle in the context of wildfire *** research on wildfires during the PETM has mainly focused on the Northern Hemisphere,particularly Europe and North America,whereas studies on Chinese mainland remain *** this study,we analyzed black carbon(BC)concentration and carbon isotope(δ13C)in the Beigou section of the Nanyang Basin and the Xilutian section of the Fushun Basin to reconstruct the spatiotemporal evolution of wildfires in arid/semi-arid and humid *** integrated these findings with those of previous studies on the paleoclimate of the research area to elucidate the driving mechanisms behind wildfire *** results indicate that wildfire activity weakened at the onset of the PETM,with the negative carbon isotope period characterized by low wildfire activity,except for a brief resurgence in the Nanyang *** the recovery phase of the PETM,wildfire activity gradually increased,returning to the pre-PETM *** prolonged low wildfire state was likely caused by extremely high temperatures and precipitation as well as the resulting vegetation *** the PETM recovery phase,increased wildfire activity transformed“short-term carbon sinks”of the biological-atmospheric carbon cycle into“long-term carbon sinks”through the burial of *** process of carbon sink conversion may have acted as a negative feedback mechanism,contributing to carbon sequestration and the e

关键词： PETM Wildfire Carbon cycle Nanyang Basin Fushun Basin

A monolithic 3D IGZO-RRAM-SRAM-integrated architecture for robust and efficient compute-in-memory enabling equivalent-ideal device metrics

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 322-337页

作者： Shengzhe YAN Zhaori CONG Zi WANG Zhuoyu DAI Zeyu GUO Zhihang QIAN Xufan LI Xu ZHENG Chuanke CHEN Nianduan LU Chunmeng DOU Guanhua YANG Xiaoxin XU Di GENG Jinshan YUE Lingfei WANG Ling LI Ming LIU institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese academy of sciences University of Chinese academy of sciences

Compute-in-memory(CIM) based on various devices such as static random access memory(SRAM) and resistive random access memory(RRAM) and other emerging devices such as indium-gallium-zinc-oxide(IGZO) transistor, magnetoresistive RAM(MRAM), and ferroelectric RAM(FeRAM) has been explored for better performance and energy efficiency on neural networks applications. However, CIM based on a single-type device suffers a variety of non-ideal metrics to reach the simultaneous optimal accuracy, density, and energy efficiency. This work presents equivalent-ideal CIM(Eq-CIM), a monolithic 3D(M3D) IGZO-RRAM-SRAM integrated architecture for robust and efficient compute-in-memory enabling equivalent-ideal device metrics. To overcome the non-ideality(variation, endurance, temperature, etc.) of the single-type devices, system-technology co-optimization(STCO) is performed. This work highlights the non-ideality-aware functionality breakdown for robust high accuracy and simultaneous high density/efficiency, by utilizing 2T0C IGZO for temporal activation storage, RRAM for high-density weight storage, and SRAM for accurate CIM. Device-to-algorithm variation transfer is applied to analyze the system-level accuracy. We benchmark Eq-CIM architecture on CIFAR-10/ImageNet, with 5.06× storage density and 5.05×/2.45× area/energy efficiency compared with single-type-device-based CIM, and high robustness(<0.27% accuracy loss) from-40℃ to 120℃.

关键词： compute-in-memory (CIM) monolithic 3D RRAM IGZO 3D-stack simulation

The role of sub-continental lithosphere mantle in deep F and Cl cycling:Insight from the Dabeigou basalts,North China Craton

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science China earth sciences 2025年第2期68卷 564-580页

作者： Yadong WU Jinhui YANG Jinfeng SUN Hao WANG Baoquan ZHOU State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The sub-continental lithosphere mantle(SCLM)represents a mechanical barrier that separate the convecting mantle from the exosphere,and possesses the ability to sequester and release volatiles,making it an integral part in deep volatile *** we explore the SCLM in modulating F and Cl cycling through a case study from the Early Cretaceous Dabeigou basalts in the North China Craton(NCC).These lavas are associated with decratonization of the NCC,a process involving significant removal and replacement of the ancient *** Dabeigou basalts,characterized by arc magma-like trace element signatures,evolved initial^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr(0.70574–0.70578),ε_(Nd)(t)(-11.2–-11.1),andε_(Hf)(t)(-13.7–-13.4)values,along with high Fe/Mn ratios,Ni contents,andδ^(18)O values(5.8‰–6.8‰)of olivine phenocrysts,are compatible with their origination from a veined,pyroxene-rich source formed through the infiltration and interaction of hydrous silicate melts from the subducting Pacific slabs with ambient ***-hosted melt inclusions of the Dabeigou basalts have compositions similar to the whole rocks,indicating that they record pre-eruptive melt compositions forming the whole *** melt inclusions exhibit high F(1371–2316 ppm)and moderate Cl(688–900 ppm)contents,with high F/Cl ratios of 2.1±0.3(1σ).The F and Cl signatures of the Dabeigou basalts are different from those of typical arc magmas,which are commonly characterized by high Cl contents(median of~1200 ppm)and low F/Cl ratios(<1).The observed differences can be attributed to chromatographic reaction that fractionates elements of different compatibility in the metasomatic agents,with amphibole as the main mineral phase for fractionating and preserving F and *** is,amphibole crystallization prefers to retain F rather than Cl,making the metasomes in vein enriched in F and exhibiting elevated F/Cl ratios compared to original metasomatic *** is further suggested that the scenario inferred from the Dabeigou basalts mi

关键词： North China Craton Sub-continental lithosphere mantle Early Cretaceous Dabeigou basalts Melt inclusion F and Cl cycling

Accelerated warming of High Mountain Asia predicted at multiple years ahead

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science Bulletin 2025年第3期70卷 419-428页

作者： Shuai Hu Tianjun Zhou Bo Wu Key Laboratory of earth System Numerical Modeling and Application Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of the Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

High-Mountain Asia(HMA)is an important source of freshwater since it holds the largest reservoir of frozen water outside the polar *** feeds ten great rivers,ultimately supporting more than 2 billion ***,the threat of accelerated glacier melt,which is a consequence of unprecedented global warming since the early 1950s,threatens water resources in the surrounding *** predictions of the near-term temperature change and synergistic mass loss of glaciers are essential but challenging to implement because of the impacts of internal climate ***,based on large ensembles of state-of-the-art decadal climate prediction experiments,we provide evidence that the internally generated surface air temperature variations in HMA can be predicted multiple years in advance,and the model initialization has robust added value to the decadal prediction ***-time decadal forecasts suggest that the HMA will experience accelerated warming in 2025-2032,where the surface warming will increase by 0.98°C(0.67 to 1.33°C;5%to 95%range)relative to the reference period 1991-2020,which is equivalent to 1.75 times the observed warming during *** decadal predictability originates from extratropical Pacific decadal variability modes,which modulate the convective heating in the tropical Pacific and influence HMA via the eastward-propagating atmospheric Kelvin *** warming in the coming decade will likely increase the shrinkage of the glacier volume over the HMA by 1.4%.This change poses unprecedented challenges,including potential water scarcity,ecosystem disruption,and increased risk of natural disasters,to HMA and surrounding regions.

关键词： Decadal prediction High Mountain Asia Surface air temperature Pacific decadal variabilities Glacier

Bulk photovoltaic effect in two-dimensional ferroelectric α-In2Se3

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 285-292页

作者： Huiting WANG Shuaiqin WU Yan CHEN Qianru ZHAO Jinhua ZENG Ruotong YIN Yuqing ZHENG Chang LIU Shukui ZHANG Tie LIN Hong SHEN Xiangjian MENG Jun GE Xudong WANG Junhao CHU Jianlu WANG State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics Shanghai Institute of Technical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese academy of sciences Shanghai Frontiers science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception Institute of OptoelectronicsFudan University Hangzhou institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Frontier institute of Chip and System Fudan University

Non-centrosymmetric material systems can generate spontaneous photocurrent without a p-n junction under uniform illumination, which is known as the bulk photovoltaic effect（BPVE）. It has garnered significant attention for its application potential in the fields of energy harvesting and photoelectric detection. In this study, we report the BPVE observed in twodimensional ferroelectric α-In2Se3multilayer flakes. The reversal in spontaneous photocurrent polarity is observed and associated with the out-of-plane ferroelectric polarization direction. The spontaneous photocurrent originating from the shift current is also polarization-sensitive. The amplitude of spontaneous photocurrent is further increased by one order of magnitude through vacuum annealing. Our results provide a further application potential for new-generation photodetectors based on BPVE with low power consumption and multi-dimensional optoelectronic detection.

关键词： bulk photovoltaic effect 2D ferroelectrics 3R $\alpha$-In$_2$Se$_3$ shift current self-powered photodetection

A brief review of preparation and applications of monolithic aerogels in atmospheric environmental purification

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2025年第3期149卷 209-220页

作者： Linfeng Nie Shuangde Li Mengjie Cao Ning Han Yunfa Chen State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Center of Materials science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of science&Technology on Particle Materials Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Monolithic aerogels are promising candidates for use in atmospheric environmental purification due to their structural advantages,such as fine building block size together with high specific surface area,abundant pore structure,***,monolithic aerogels possess a unique monolithic macrostructure that sets them apart from aerogel powders and nanoparticles in practical environmental clean-up *** review delves into the available synthesis strategies and atmospheric environmental applications of monolithic aerogels,covering types of monolithic aerogels including SiO_(2),graphene,metal oxides and their combinations,along with their preparation *** particular,recent developments for VOC adsorption,CO_(2)capture,catalytic oxidation of VOCs and catalytic reduction of CO_(2)are ***,challenges and future opportunities for monolithic aerogels in the atmospheric environmental purification field are *** reviewprovides valuable insights for designing and utilizing monolithic aerogel-based functional materials.

关键词： Monolithic aerogel Environmental purification Catalysis Adsorption