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Recent signal and impact of wet-to-dry climatic shift in Xinjiang, china

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第9期31卷 1283-1298页

作者： YAO Junqiang MAO Weiyi CHEN Jing DILINUER Tuoliewubieke institute of desert meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationUrumqi 830002China

The Xinjiang region of china is among the most sensitive regions to global *** on the meteorological and hydrological observation data,the regional wet-to-dry climate regime shifts in Xinjiang were analyzed and the impacts of climatic shift on the eco-hydrological environment of Xinjiang were assessed in this *** results showed that temperature and precipitation in Xinjiang have increased since the mid-1980 s,showing a warming-wetting ***,drought frequency and severity significantly increased after *** climate of Xinjiang experienced an obvious shift from a warm-wet to a warm-dry regime in *** the beginning of the 21 st century,extreme temperatures and the number of high temperature days have significantly increased,the start date of high temperature has advanced,and the end date of high temperature has delayed in *** addition,the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation have significantly ***,regional ecology and water resources have been impacted by climatic shift and extreme climate in *** response,satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index showed that,since the 1980 s,most regions of Xinjiang experienced a greening trend and vegetation browning after *** soil moisture in Xinjiang has significantly decreased since the late 1990 s,resulting in adverse ecological ***,the response of river runoff to climatic shift is complex and controlled by the proportion of snowmelt to the *** originating from the Tianshan Mountains showed a positive response to the regional wet-to-dry shift,whereas that originating from the Kunlun Mountains showed no obvious *** climatic shift and increased climate extremes in Xinjiang have led to intensification of drought and aggravation of instability of water circulation systems and *** study provides a scientific basis to meet the challenges of water resource utilization and ecological risk management

关键词： climatic shift wet-to-dry water resources drought Xinjiang

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Stationarity in the variability of arid precipitation:A case study of aridCentral Asia

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2021年第2期12卷 172-186页

作者： YAO Jun-Qiang CHEN Jing ZHANG Tong-Wen DILINUER Tuoliewubieke MAO Wei-Yi institute of desert meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationUrumqi830002China

Precipitation is particularly scarce in arid Central Asia(CA),and is expected to be severely impacted by future warming,and the assessmentof the stationarity of precipitation variability is important for managing surface water resources in this *** this study,we investigated thestatistics of stationarity in the totals and extremes of precipitation in CA based on the longest observational records(1881e2006),tree-ringreconstructed records(1756e2012 and 1760e2015),and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5(CMIP5)simulations,applying theautocorrelation function and testing criteria established based on the statistical definitions of *** analyzed the longest daily pre-cipitation record(Tashkent station,1881e2006)and found that the autocorrelation coefficient of the precipitation totals(PRCPTOT)and annualmaximum 1-day precipitation amount(Rx1day)were statistically insignificant for all lags,implying stationary ***,nearly allthe Global Historical Climatology Network-Daily Database(GHCN-D)observatory sites(1925e2005)indicated likely stationary *** records were also indistinguishable from a random *** the CMIP5 models,the simulated and projected PRCPTOT closelyapproximated a purely random process;however,the projected Rx1day maintained non-stationary means in most of the models under therepresentative concentration pathway(RCPs),implying that extreme events would increase in the *** mean precipitation changes(DP)can be expressed as an exponential function depending on the length of the successive mean periods(m)and variance(s2).TheDPof the nextdecade is projected to be within±14.8%of the previous decades mean annual PRCPTOT over *** higher the RCPs,the higher theDP *** results show that the detection and prediction of precipitation change will be challenging in arid CA.

关键词： Stationarity Precipitation Extreme precipitation Variance Central Asia

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Size distribution of PM_(20) observed to the north of the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第2期18卷 367-376页

作者： ZHOU Cheng-long YANG Fan HUO Wen MAMTIMIN Ali YANG Xing-hua institute of desert meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationUrumqi 830002China Taklimakan desert meteorology Field Experiment Station China Meteorological AdministrationUrumqi 830002China

The size distribution of airborne dust particles is an important parameter in the measurement of dust emissions due to wind erosion,and a quantitative and accurate description is *** regarding the size distribution of airborne dust particles are currently lacking in Tibetan Plateau(TP).This study aims to obtain a dust particle size distribution and compare the difference in spatial distribution at a field site(FS)and two urban observation sites(Minfeng and Hetian),in the north of the TP,under the condition of the dust-days and *** observation data was collected from 5 July to 4 August,*** mass concentration of dust(PM20)was measured with a 10-stage quartz crystal microbalance cascade *** results suggested that 91.9%of the particles were less than 1.4μm on clear-days,and particles of d≥1.4μm increased to 27.2%with the occurrence of the dust *** than 80%of the airborne dust particles were less than 1.4μm for each friction *** proportion of d0.7μm was the greatest at 0.5 m on *** urban observation,with the occurrence of dust events,the concentration of a particle size greater than 2.5μm increased most significantly in Minfeng,while the concentration of a particle size less than 0.7μm increased most significantly in ***,the proportion of particles with d1.4μm had the most obvious difference among these three sites.

关键词： Dust day Clear day Friction velocity Field Urban Coefficient variation

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Near-surface sand-dust horizontal flux in Tazhong-the hinterland of the Taklimakan desert

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第2期5卷 199-206页

作者： XingHua YANG Qing HE Mamtimin ALI Wen HUO XinChun LIU institute of desert meteorology China Meteorological Administration desert Atmosphere and Environment Observation Experiment of Taklimakan Station

Tazhong is the hinterland and a sandstorm high-frequency area of the Taklimakan desert. However, little is known about the detailed time-series of aeolian sand transport in this area. An experiment to study the sand-dust horizontal flux of near-surface was carried out in Tazhong from January to December 2009. By measur- ing the sand-dust horizontal flux throughout sixteen sand-dust weather processes with a 200-cm tall Big Spring Number Eight （BSNE） sampler tower, we quantitatively analyzed the vertical variation of the sand-dust horizontal flux. And the total sand-dust horizontal flux of different time-series that passed through a section of 100 cm in width and 200 cm in height was estimated combining the data of saltation movement continuously recorded by piezo- electric saltation sensors （Sensit）. The results indicated that, in the surface layer ranging from 0-200 cm, the inten- sity of sand-dust horizontal flux decreased with the increase of the height, and the physical quantities obeyed power function well. The total sand-dust horizontal flux of the sixteen sand-dust weather processes that passed through a section of 100 cm in width and 200 cm in height was about 2,144.9 kg, the maximum of one sand-dust weather event was about 396.3 kg, and the annual total sand-dust horizontal flux was about 3,903.2 kg. The high levels of aeolian sand transport occurred during daytime, especially from 13：00 to 16：00 in the afternoon. We try to develop a new method for estimation of the detailed time-series of aeolian sand transport.

关键词： aeolian sand transport horizontal flux saltation movement Sensit Taklimakan desert

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Observation of saltation activity at Tazhong area in Taklimakan desert,china

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第1期5卷 32-41页

作者： Ali MAMTIMIN institute of desert meteorology China Meteorological Administration desert Atmosphere and Environment Observation Experiment of Taklimakan Station

A two-year field observation of saltation activity was carried out at Tazhong area, the hinterland area of the Taklimakan desert with highly frequent dust storms. From 1 September 2008 to 31 August 2010, a piezoelectric saltation sensor （Sensit） was used to continuously collect the data on saltation activity at a level sand surface. Analysis on the data suggests that saltation activity can occur at any time of the year when conditions are favorable; however, the necessary conditions are rarely satisfied in most time. In the daytime of spring or summer, saltation activity can persist even over a continuous one-hour-or-so period. It is found that, from 1 September 2008 to 31 August 2010, saltation activity accounts for more than 3% of the total yearly time, and it tends to peak in spring and summer months with strong winds. During winter months when winds are weak, however, it is often at a minimum. It seems that precipitation does not appear to be significant in reducing saltation activity in arid regions like Tazhong.

关键词： saltation activity aeolian sand transport piezoelectric saltation sensor (Sensit) Tazhong Taklimakan desert

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Recent Climate Warming of Central china Reflected by Temperature-sensitive Tree Growth in the Eastern Qinling Mountains and its Linkages to the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第2期12卷 396-403页

作者： CHEN Feng ZHANG Rui-bo WANG Hui-qin QIN Li Key Laboratory of Tree-ring Physical and Chemical Research of china meteorological administration Institute of Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Xinjiang Laboratory of Tree-Ring Ecology Institute of Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration College of Earth and Environmental Science Lanzhou University

We have developed a 202-year tree-ring width chronology of Shensi fir(Abies chensiensis) growing in an open canopy forest at the treeline of the eastern Qinling Mountains. Climate response analyses revealed that the ring width of Shensi fir trees is primarily controlled by the range of temperature from February–June. The regression model that we used for statistical temperature reconstruction passed the leave-one-out cross-validation used in dendroclimatology, resulting in a quality-controlled February–June reconstruction for the eastern Qinling Mountains. The model accounts for 36.7% of the instrumental temperature variance during the period of 1960–2012. Warm springs and early summers occurred during AD 1870–1873, 1909–1914, 1927–1958 and 1997–2012, while the periods of AD 1874–1908, 1915–1926 and 1959–1996 were relatively cold. Spatial climate correlation analyses with gridded land surface data revealed that our temperature reconstruction contains a strong regional temperature signal for central china. The linkages of ourtemperature reconstruction with sea surface temperature in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans suggest the connection of regional temperature variations to large-scale ocean–atmosphere–land circulation. Preliminary analysis of links between large-scale climatic variation and the temperature reconstruction also shows that there is a relationship between extremes in spring and early summer temperature and anomalous atmospheric circulation in the Qinling Mountains. Overall, our study provides reliable information for the research of past temperature variability in the Qinling Mountains, china.

关键词： Qinling Mountains Dendroclimatology Abies chensiensis Tree ring Temperature reconstruction

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Variation Characteristics of Regional Synchronous Wind in Hami,Xinjiang of Northwest china

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Journal of meteorological Research 2015年第2期29卷 344-357页

作者：黄林宏宋丽莉李刚辛渝 School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Public meteorological Service Center China Meteorological Administration institute of desert meteorology China Meteorological Administration

From several towers in Hami, Xinjiang of Northwest china, built by the national wind power resources professional observation network, we selected three towers with synchronous 10-min average wind speed data for one year（May 2011-April 2012） under strict quality control. The towers are located where large-scale wind power development is projected. We analyzed the frequency and variation of extreme wind speed at low wind condition（LWC）, rated wind condition（RWC）, and cut-out wind condition（CWC）, which may significantly impact the electric power grid configuration in large-scale wind power development. The correlation between duration and frequency of LWC/RWC/CWC is obtained. Major findings are： 1） The frequency of CWC is the lowest among all conditions, its synchronous rate at all three towers tends to be zero, and the frequency of LWC is always greater than that of RWC. 2） Among the three towers, the synchronous rate of RWC steadily increases with height, and LWC differs little between different levels. The synchronous rate of LWC concentrates in winter, while that of RWC mainly occurs in spring and *** variation of LWC/RWC during the entire year is significantly different. 3） During the study year,the longest durations of synchronous LWC and RWC among the three towers are up to 640 and 700 min,respectively. The duration and frequency of LWC/RWC can be quantitatively well described by a logarithmic function. Consequently, the synchronous rates of LWC and RWC over any duration in the region can be easily calculated by using the fitting function equation from observed data. These results are of value to the planning of large-scale wind power transmission and grid dispatching in this area.

关键词： regional synchronous wind low wind rated wind variation characteristics Hami Xinjiang

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A rapid modeling method for urban microscale meteorology and its applications

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Science china Earth Sciences 2023年第10期66卷 2224-2238页

作者： Xiaoran GUO Chao YAN Shiguang MIAO institute of Urban meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100089China Key Laboratory of Urban meteorology China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100089China

This paper introduces a fast urban microscale meteorological model with a horizontal resolution of O(10)m,named URBAN(Urban Rapid&Building-Aware Neighborhood),which is capable of rapid assessment of meteorological fields over key urban areas,including wind speed,air temperature,humidity and thermal comfort index,with the execution time less than10 minutes consuming 1 CPU *** uses a fast wind diagnostic method to construct three-dimensional(3-D)wind fields surrounding complex building clusters with their geometry resolved *** enhance the accuracy of wind reconstruction and the continuity of the initial wind field around irregular buildings,we propose a new parameterization method based on stream functions,which can accurately characterize the influences of complex urban building clusters on the three-dimensional wind *** model can provide various results for the meteorological service of large outdoor activities,including conventional meteorological elements(wind,temperature,humidity,radiation,etc.)and the Universal Thermal Comfort Index,which is derived from the relationship between physiological processes and environmental meteorological *** this paper,URBAN is applied to develop an automatic analysis and forecast system of microscale meteorological elements over the central Beijing region in summer during a large outdoor *** comparing with the half-hourly observations from three auto weather stations(AWSs)in the region,the root-mean-square errors(RMSEs)of the modeled 10-meter-height wind speed,2-meter-height air temperature and humidity are 0.98 m s^(-1),1.37℃and 7.37%,respectively.

关键词： Urban microscale meteorology Wind diagnose Fast simulation Human comfort index Weather service

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Relationships Between Anomalies of Land-Sea Thermal Contrast in North Africa and Summer Flood and Drought Across the Jianghuai Region of china

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2010年第3期24卷 354-364页

作者：赵勇钱永甫 Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University institute of desert meteorology China Meteorological Administration

The flood and drought across the Yangtze and Huaihe River（Jianghuai） areas are frequent in summer, especially in June and ***,predicting the summer flood and drought in the Jianghuai region is always one of the key topics concerned by meteorologists in *** studies focused more on the skin temperature anomalies in a local area,and paid less attention to the connections between the anomalies of land-sea thermal contrast in remote continents and the summer flood and drought in Jianghuai areas of *** using the US NCEP/NCAR monthly mean reanalysis data and the rainfall data at 743 stations in china,based on the interdecadal variation characteristics of the flood and drought index（FDI） during 51 yr （1954-2004） in the Jianghuai region of china in summer,the North African areas have been selected as the key regions for the correlation *** results show that the surface temperature anomalies in the key regions have good continuity in winter,and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation（NAO） is perhaps one of the important factors that bring about the continuity of the *** a singular value decomposition（SVD） analysis between the skin temperature in the previous winter in North Africa and the summer rainfall in the Jianghuai region,it is found that when the North African continent is colder（warmer） and its northwestern sea is warmer（colder）,the rainfall increases（decreases） in the Jianghuai region in summer *** analysis finds that the anomaly of the surface temperature contrast between sea and land in North Africa has a good indication for the summer flood and drought in the Jianghuai areas of ***,a sea and land thermal contrast index（SLTCI） is defined to reflect the intensity of the large-scale land-sea thermal contrast.A positive correlation between the SLTCI in North Africa and the summer FDI in Jianghuai areas is identified,and it can well indicate the extreme flood and drought situations in the Jianghuai re

关键词： skin temperature anomalies flood and drought in the Jianghuai region sea and land thermal contrast North African areas

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Wave Sources, Energy Propagation and Conversion for Anomalous Rossby Wave Activities Along the West Asian Jet Stream

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2009年第4期23卷 494-505页

作者：杨莲梅张庆云 institute of desert meteorology China Meteorological Administration institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Characteristics of the wave sources, energy propagation and conversion for anomalous Rossby wave activities （RWAs） along the West Asian jet stream （WAJS） in summer are examined based on the NCEP/NCAR （National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research） reanalysis data from 1958 to 2003, using the vorticity source equation, the Eliassen-Palm （EP） flux, and the wave energy equation under diabatic heating. The study aims to find the dynamical causes for RWA anomalies along the WAJS and to improve the understanding of mid-high latitude circulation anomalies. The results show that the negative vorticity source and the strong EP flux divergence over the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Scandinavian Peninsula area act as the wave sources for RWA anomalies along the WAJS. When the intensity and position of the wave sources are anomalous, the excited eastward-propagating RWA along the WAJS also behaves anomalously. In strong （weak） years of RWA, Rossby waves excited by the strong divergence of EP fluxes over the Iceland Scandinavian Peninsula area （east to the Scandinavian Peninsula） propagate eastward and southeastward. The eastward propagating waves become strengthened （weakened） after turning southeastward near the Ural Mountains and then entering the Asian subtropical westerly jet stream （ASWJS） over the Caspian Sea-Aral Sea-Xinjiang. The southeastward propagating waves also strengthen （weaken） after directly entering the ASWJS over the eastern Mediterranean-the Black Sea. Furthermore, the divergence of EP fluxes over the Mediterranean also strengthens （weakens） in the strong （weak） years, so they jointly bring about the strong （weak） RWA along the WAJS. Finally, the perturbation available potential energy （PAPE） along the WAJS （15°- 60°E） produced by diabatic heating, is far greater than the conversion from the kinetic energy of the basic flow into the perturbation kinetic energy and from the available potential energy of the

关键词： Asian subtropical westerly jet stream (ASWJS) quasi-stationary wave propagation energy conversion diabatic heating

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