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Pressure and temperature effects resulting from impact onto materials of different reactivity

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Defence Technology(防务技术) 2025年第2期44卷 221-230页

作者： Andreas Heine Matthias Wickert Fraunhofer institute for High-Speed dynamics Ernst-Mach-InstitutEMIErnst-Zermelo-Str.4Freiburg im Breisgau79104Germany

The pressure and temperature increase resulting from the impact of different threats onto target materials is analyzed with a unified laboratory-scale *** allows deriving qualitative information on the occurring phenomenology as well as quantitative statements about the relative effects sizes as a function of target material and *** considered target materials are steel,aluminum,and *** threats,kinetic energy penetrator,explosively formed projectile,and shaped charge jet are *** the investigated combinations,the measured overpressures vary by a factor of up to 5 for a variation of the material,by a factor of up to 7 for a variation of the threat,and by a factor larger than 15for a simultaneous variation of *** obtained results as well as the experimental approach are relevant for the basic understanding of impact effects and risks due to material *** paper combines two main ***,to provide a summary of own prior work in a coherent journal article and,secondly,to review and discuss these earlier results with a new perspective.

关键词： Impact effects Pressure Temperature Risk assessment Material reactivity

Ligand-mediated reactivity in CO oxidation of yttrium-nickel monoxide carbonyl complexes

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 179-183页

作者： Jumei Zhang Ziheng Zhang Gang Li Hongjin Qiao Hua Xie Ling Jiang School of Life Science Ludong University State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction dynamics Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences

A series of heteronuclear yttrium-nickel monoxide carbonyl complexes YNiO（CO）_n-（n=1–5） were generated in a pulsed-laser vaporization source and characterized by mass-selected photoelectron velocity-map spectroscopy combined with theoretical *** ligand-mediated reactivity in CO oxidation of yttrium-nickel monoxide carbonyl complexes was experimentally and theoretically *** the consecutive CO adsorption,aμ2-O linear structure was most favorable for YNiO（CO）_n-（n=1,2）,then a structure in which the terminal O was bonded to the Y atom became favored for YNiO（CO）3-,and finally a structure bearing a CO2moiety was most favorable for YNiO（CO）_n-（n=4,5）.Theoretical calculations indicated that the Ni atom acted as an electron acceptor and accumulated electron density at n≤3,and then served as an electron donor along with the Y atom to contribute electron density in the rearrangement that accompanied CO oxidation at n>3.

关键词： CO oxidation Electron donor Heteronuclear cluster Photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy Quantum chemical calculation

A new capacitive borehole tiltmeter for crustal deformation measurement and its performance analysis

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第2期25卷 285-290页

作者： Wu Liheng Li Tao Chen Zheng Li Hong institute of crustal dynamics CEA Key Laboratory of crustal dynamics

Borehole inclinometers are important observation instruments used to measure ground tilt movement and monitor crustal deformation of solid tides and geological landslide *** are widely used in oil exploration,mineral resource drilling,well logging,exploration and other *** is potential for development of rock stress strain monitoring *** types of tiltmeters have been installed,such as SQ-7,FSQ,VS and ***,these tiltmeters are generally installed in a deep cave to avoid the interference of temperature,humidity,and human *** the urbanization of human society,suitable installation locations are difficult to *** solve the problem,a two-component borehole tiltmeter,named the CBT-type tiltmeter,is proposed in this *** can be installed in a borehole less than500 m deep to eliminate environmental *** tiltmeter is composed of two sophisticated gravitational swing and two capacitive *** preliminary theory and experiment analysis,its linear correlation coefficient is higher than 0.99,its co-seismic response is rapid and its noise level is up to 10 4arc seconds in practice.

关键词： Tiltmeter Solid tide crustal deformation High precision

Coseismic surface ruptures of MW7.8 and MW7.5 earthquakes occurred on February 6,2023,and seismic hazard assessment of the East Anatolian Fault Zone,Southeastern Türkiye

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第2期68卷 611-625页

作者： Peng LIANG Yueren XU Xiaocheng ZHOU Ying LI Qinjian TIAN Huiping ZHANG Zhikun REN Jingxing YU Chuanyou LI Zheng GONG Shiguang WANG Aixia DOU Zifa MA Junjie LI Key Laboratory of Earthquake Prediction Institute of Earthquake ForecastingChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100036China China Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center Beijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Earthquake dynamics Institute of GeologyChina Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100029China institute of Geophysics China Earthquake AdministrationBeijing 100081China

On February 6,2023,southeastern Türkiye experienced a devastating earthquake doublet along the East Anatolian Fault(EAF),with moment magnitude(MW)values of 7.8 and *** strong earthquakes resulted in at least 50,000 deaths and severe economic *** research on coseismic surface ruptures induced by these events is vital for assessing the cascade rupture behaviors of plate boundary faults and future seismic hazards in the *** of high-resolution post-earthquake satellite images and field investigations yielded the following results:(1)the two strong earthquakes had separate rupture *** first earthquake generated an approximately 280 km coseismic surface rupture along the southwestern segment of the main EAF,with 241 left-lateral displacements reaching up to 6.8±0.68 m,particularly 40 km northeast of the *** second earthquake produced a roughly 110 km surface rupture on an east-west branch of the EAF,with maximum displacements of 7.2±0.72 m.(2)The MW7.8 earthquake resulted in a cascading rupture across multiple segments of the southwestern section of the main EAF,with significantly variable *** northeastern and southwestern parts of the main EAF and Malatya Fault remain at risk of strong earthquakes in the future.(3)The EAF rupture zone is densely populated,and due to the site amplification effect of loose sediments on foreland alluvial fans,foundation failures of buildings in the populated areas are ***,it is crucial to enhance the future seismic fortification capabilities in urban and rural areas along the EAF.

关键词： Double strong earthquakes of Mw7.8 and Mw7.5 in Tirkiye,East Anatolian Fault Surface rupture zone,Strong earthquake hazard

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ACOUSTOELASTIC THEORY FOR FLUID-SATURATED POROUS MEDIA

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2014年第1期27卷 41-53页

作者： Huaqing Wang Jiayong Tian institute of crustal dynamics China Earthquake Administration

Based on the finite deformation theory of the continuum and poroelastic theory, the aeoustoelastic theory for fluid-saturated porous media （FSPM） in natural and initial coordi- nates is developed to investigate the influence of effective stresses and fluid pore pressure on wave velocities. Firstly, the assumption of a small dynamic motion superimposed on a largely static pre- deformation of the FSPM yields natural, initial, and final configurations, whose displacements, strains, and stresses of the solid-skeleton and the fluid in an FSPM particle could be described in natural and initial coordinates, respectively. Secondly, the subtraction of initial-state equations of equilibrium from the final-state equations of motion and the introduction of non-linear constitu- rive relations of the FSPM lead to equations of motion for the small dynamic motion. Thirdly, the consideration of homogeneous pre-deformation and the plane harmonic form of the small dynamic motion gives an acoustoelastic equation, which provides analytical formulations for the relation of the fast longitudinal wave, the fast shear wave, the slow shear wave, and the slow longitudinal wave with solid-skeleton stresses and fluid pore-pressure. Lastly, an isotropic FSPM under the close-pore jacketed condition, open-pore jacketed condition, traditional unjacketed condition, and triaxial condition is taken as an example to discuss the velocities of the fast and slow shear waves propagating along the direction of one of the initial principal solid-skeleton strains. The detailed discussion shows that the wave velocities of the FSPM are usually influenced by the effective stresses and the fluid pore pressure. The fluid pore-pressure has little effect on the wave velocities of the FSPM only when the components of the applied initial principal solid-skeleton stresses or strains are equal, which is consistent with the previous experimental results.

关键词： acoustoelasticity fluid-saturated porous media wave velocity the effective stress fluid pore pressure

Predictive analysis of stress regime and possible squeezing deformation for super-long water conveyance tunnels in Pakistan

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2014年第6期24卷 825-831页

作者： Wang Chenghu Bao Linhai Key Laboratory of crustal dynamics Institute of Crustal Dynamics CEA

The prediction of the stress field of deep-buried tunnels is a fundamental problem for scientists and engineers. In this study, the authors put forward a systematic solution for this problem. Databases from the World Stress Map and the crustal Stress of China, and previous research findings can offer prediction of stress orientations in an engineering area. At the same time, the Andersonian theory can be used to analyze the possible stress orientation of a region. With limited in-situ stress measurements, the Hock-Brown Criterion can be used to estimate the strength of rock mass in an area of interest by utilizing the geotechnical investigation data, and the modified Sheorey＇s model can subsequently be employed to predict the areas＇ stress profile, without stress data, by taking the existing in-situ stress measurements as input parameters. In this paper, a case study was used to demonstrate the application of this systematic solution. The planned Kohala hydropower plant is located on the western edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Three hydro-fracturing stress measurement campaigns indicated that the stress state of the area is SH - Sh 〉 Sv or SH 〉Sv 〉 Sh. The measured orientation of Sn is NEE （N70.3°-89°E）, and the regional orientation of SH from WSM is NE, which implies that the stress orientation of shallow crust may be affected by landforms. The modified Sheorey model was utilized to predict the stress profile along the water sewage tunnel for the plant. Prediction results show that the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stres- ses of the points with the greatest burial depth were up to 56.70 and 40.14 MPa, respectively, and the stresses of areas with a burial depth of greater than 500 m were higher. Based on the predicted stress data, large deformations of the rock mass surrounding water conveyance tunnels were analyzed. Results showed that the large deformations will occur when the burial depth exceeds 300 m. When the burial depth is beyond 800 m, serious sq

关键词： Super-long water conveyance tunnel In-situ stress state Squeezing deformation Prediction analysis Kohala hydropower plant

A high sensitive fiber Bragg grating strain sensor with automatic temperature compensation

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Chinese Optics Letters 2009年第3期7卷 191-193页

作者：李阔周振安 institute of crustal dynamics China Earthquake Administration

A high sensitive fiber Bragg grating （FBG） strain sensor with automatic temperature compensation is demonstrated. FBG is axially linked with a stick and their free ends are fixed to the measured object. When the measured strain changes, the stick does not change in length, but the FBG does. When the temperature changes, the stick changes in length to pull the FBG to realize temperature compensation. In experiments, 1.45 times strain sensitivity of bare FBG with temperature compensation of less than 0.1 nm Bragg wavelength drift over 100 ℃ shift is achieved.

关键词： Fiber optic components Fiber optic sensors Sensors Temperature distribution

A high sensitive fiber Bragg grating cryogenic temperature sensor

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Chinese Optics Letters 2009年第2期7卷 121-123页

作者：李阔周振安刘爱春 institute of crustal dynamics China Earthquake Administration

At cryogenic temperature, a fiber Bragg grating （FBG） temperature sensor with controllable sensitivity and variable measurement range is demonstrated by using bimetal configuration. In experiments, sensitivities of -51.2, -86.4, and -520 pm/K are achieved by varying the lengths of the metals. Measurement ranges of 293 - 290.5, 283 - 280.5, and 259 - 256.5 K are achieved by shortening the distance of the gap among the metals.

关键词： Cryogenics Fiber optic components Fiber optic sensors Temperature sensors

Mercury indicating inflow zones and ruptures along the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake fault

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2015年第2期34卷 201-207页

作者： Yang Duoxing Zhang Lei Liu Yaowei Ren Hongwei Xie Furen Chen Gangcai Key Laboratory of crustal dynamics Institute of Crustal DynamicsCEA institute of Geophysics CEA Chongqing Academy of Environmental Sciences

During the Wenchuan Fault Scientific Drilling Project,we determined the values of total mercury(HgT)and gaseous elemental mercury(GEM) from drilled cores and drilling mud,*** analysis shows HgT values ranging from 0.24 to 6.45 ng/g for the Penguan complex and from 2.90 to 137.54 ng/g for T3 *** average levels of HgT for the Penguan complex and T3 sediments are 1.81 ± 0.26 ng/g and23.96 ± 4.80 ng/g,*** anomalous peaks of HgT appear at depth of 614,731,993 and 1,107 m,which correspond to the long-term high seismic activity during crustal deformation in response to tectonic *** elemental mercury dissolved in drilling mud was also *** found fluid inflow zones with high GEM at depths of 590-750 m,suggesting that fluid-filled ruptures exist in the LMS fault *** indicates that mercury provides geochemical evidence for inflow zones and ruptures/fault zones in the Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake fault.

关键词：地震断层断裂带汶川水星明流科学钻探工程地球化学分析钻井泥浆