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Development status and prospect of underground thermal energy storage technology

Journal of Groundwater Science and engineering 2024年第1期12卷 92-108页

作者： Ying-nan Zhang Yan-guang Liu Kai Bian Guo-qiang Zhou Xin Wang Mei-hua Wei School of Earth science and engineering Hebei University of EngineeringHandan 056038Hebei ProvinceChina institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang 050061China technology Innovation Center of Geothermal&Hot Dry Rock Exploration and Development Ministry of Natural ResourcesShijiazhuang 050061China Shanxi Key Laboratory for Exploration and Exploitation of Geothermal Resources Taiyuan 030024China Shanxi Geological engineering Exploration institute Taiyuan 030024China

Underground Thermal Energy Storage(UTES)store unstable and non-continuous energy underground,releasing stable heat energy on *** effectively improve energy utilization and optimize energy *** UTES technology advances,accommodating greater depth,higher temperature and multi-energy complementarity,new research challenges *** paper comprehensively provides a systematic summary of the current research status of *** categorized different types of UTES systems,analyzes the applicability of key technologies of UTES,and evaluate their economic and environmental ***,this paper identifies existing issues with UTES,such as injection blockage,wellbore scaling and corrosion,seepage and heat transfer in cracks,*** suggests deepening the research on blockage formation mechanism and plugging prevention technology,improving the study of anticorrosive materials and water treatment technology,and enhancing the investigation of reservoir fracture network characterization technology and seepage heat *** recommendations serve as valuable references for promoting the high-quality development of UTES.

关键词： Aquifer thermal energy storage Borehole thermal energy storage Cavern thermal energy storage Thermal energy storage technology Benefit evaluation

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Thermal properties and high-temperature ablation of high-entropy (Ti_(0.25)V_(0.25)Zr_(0.25)Hf_(0.25))B_(2) coating on graphite substrate

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第8期13卷 1268-1281页

作者： Ana C.Feltrin Daniel Hedman Farid Akhtar Division of Materials Science Lulea University of TechnologyLulea 97187Sweden Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials(CMCM) Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Ulsan 44919Republic of Korea

An entropy-stabilized multicomponent ultrahigh-temperature ceramic(UHTC)coating,(Ti_(0.25)V_(0.25)Zr_(0.25)Hf_(0.25))B_(2),on a graphite substrate was in-situ sintered by spark plasma sintering(SPs)from constituent transition metal diboride ***(Ti_(0.25)V_(0.25)Zr_(0.25)Hf_(0.25))B_(2) coating had a hardness of 31.2±2.1 GPa and resisted 36.9 GPa of stress before delamination,as observed at the *** temperature-dependent thermal properties of the multicomponent diboride(Ti_(0.25)V_(0.25)Zr_(0.25)Hf_(0.25))B_(2) were obtained by molecular dynamics(MD)simulations driven by a machine learning force field(MLFF)trained on density functional theory(DFT)*** thermal conductivity,density,heat capacity,and coefficient of thermal expansion obtained by the MD simulations were used in time-dependent thermal stress finite element model(FEM)*** low thermal conductivity(engineering components under extreme environments.

关键词： entropy-stabilized diborides ultrahigh temperature ceramics molecular dynamics(MD)simulations density functional theory(DFT) ablation properties

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Terrain or climate factor dominates vegetation resilience?Evidence from three national parks across different climatic zones in China

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 526-542页

作者： Shuang Liu Lingxin Wu Shiyong Zhen Qinxian Lin Xisheng Hu Jian Li College of Transportation and civil engineering Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China College of JunCao Science and Ecology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China College of Forestry Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China

Vegetation resilience(VR),providing an objective measure of ecosystem health,has received considerable attention,however,there is still limited understanding of whether the dominant factors differ across different climate *** took the three national parks(Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,HTR;Wuyishan National Park,WYS;and Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park,NTL)of China with less human interference as cases,which are distributed in different climatic zones,including tropical,subtropical and temperate monsoon climates,***,we employed the probabilistic decay method to explore the spatio-temporal changes in the VR and their natural driving patterns using Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR)model as *** results revealed that:(1)from 2000 to 2020,the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)of the three national parks fluctuated between 0.800 and 0.960,exhibiting an overall upward trend,with the mean NDVI of NTL(0.923)>HTR(0.899)>WYS(0.823);(2)the positive trend decay time of vegetation exceeded that of negative trend,indicating vegetation gradual recovery of the three national parks since 2012;(3)the VR of HTR was primarily influenced by elevation,aspect,average annual temperature change(AATC),and average annual precipitation change(AAPC);the WYS'VR was mainly affected by elevation,average annual precipitation(AAP),and AAPC;while the terrain factors(elevation and slope)were the main driving factors of VR in NTL;(4)among the main factors influencing the VR changes,the AAPC had the highest proportion in HTR(66.7%),and the AAP occupied the largest area proportion in WYS(80.4%).While in NTL,elevation served as the main driving factor for the VR,encompassing 64.2%of its ***,our findings indicated that precipitation factors were the main driving force for the VR changes in HTR and WYS national parks,while elevation was the main factors that drove the VR in *** research has promoted a deeper understanding of the dri

关键词： National parks Vegetation resilience NDVI Probabilistic decay model Driving factors

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Smaller & Smarter: Score-Driven Network Chaining of Smaller Language Models

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Journal of Software engineering and Applications 2024年第1期17卷 23-42页

作者： Gunika Dhingra Siddansh Chawla Vijay K. Madisetti Arshdeep Bahga School of Computer Science engineering & technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Cloudemy technology Labs Chandigarh India

With the continuous evolution and expanding applications of Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been a noticeable surge in the size of the emerging models. It is not solely the growth in model size, primarily measured by the number of parameters, but also the subsequent escalation in computational demands, hardware and software prerequisites for training, all culminating in a substantial financial investment as well. In this paper, we present novel techniques like supervision, parallelization, and scoring functions to get better results out of chains of smaller language models, rather than relying solely on scaling up model size. Firstly, we propose an approach to quantify the performance of a Smaller Language Models (SLM) by introducing a corresponding supervisor model that incrementally corrects the encountered errors. Secondly, we propose an approach to utilize two smaller language models (in a network) performing the same task and retrieving the best relevant output from the two, ensuring peak performance for a specific task. Experimental evaluations establish the quantitative accuracy improvements on financial reasoning and arithmetic calculation tasks from utilizing techniques like supervisor models (in a network of model scenario), threshold scoring and parallel processing over a baseline study.

关键词： Large Language Models (LLMs) Smaller Language Models (SLMs) Finance Networking Supervisor Model Scoring Function

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Multiscale modeling and simulation of turbulent flows in porous media

International Journal of Fluid Engineering

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International Journal of Fluid engineering 2024年第1期 7-20页

作者： Yan Jin Andrey V.Kuznetsov institute of Multiphase Flows Hamburg University of Technology Department of Mechanical and Aerospace engineering North Carolina State University

Numerical simulation is an important tool for understanding the physics of flows in porous media and for making predictions. The state of the art of multiscale modeling and simulation of turbulent flows in porous media is reviewed in this paper. Numerical simulations of flows in porous media can be classified as microscopic simulations, in which both macroscopic and pore-scale flows are directly resolved,and macroscopic simulations, in which the pore-scale motions are modeled while the volume-averaged equations are solved. Studies in the past few years have shown that microscopic simulations improve the understanding of turbulent flows in porous media considerably; this motivates the development of more efficient and more accurate turbulence models for macroscopic simulations. On the basis of this review,we believe that simulation of flows with higher Reynolds numbers, understanding the transport of macroscopic turbulence, modeling of turbulent flows in inhomogeneous and anisotropic porous media, simulation of compressible and multiphase turbulent flows in porous media, and fluid–structure interaction in deformable porous matrices are important topics to be studied in the future.

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Two-dimensional flow vector measurement based on all-fiber laser feedback frequency-shifted multiplexing technology

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Photonics Research 2024年第7期12卷 1371-1378页

作者： LEI ZHANG JIALIANG LV YUNKUN ZHAO JIE LI KEYAN LIU QI YU HONGTAO LI BENLI YU LIANG LU Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China School of Physics and Optoelectronic engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China School of Optics and Photonics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

The decomposition and identification of signals are crucial for flow vector acquisition in a multi-dimensional measurement. Here, we proposed a two-dimensional(2D) flow vector measurement system based on all-fiber laser feedback frequency-shifted multiplexing technology. The reliable performance of the system is characterized by experimental verification and numerical simulation. An orthogonal dual-beam structure is employed to eliminate the impact of an unknown incident angle in the practical application. Meanwhile, the vector velocity signals in 2D can be decomposed into one-dimensional(1D) scalar signals by adopting the frequency-shifted multiplexing,which makes it easy to obtain the vector information and velocity distribution of fluid motion through the self-mixing interference frequency spectrum.

关键词： fiber shifted flow

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Research progress on temperature field evolution of hot reservoirs under low-temperature tailwater reinjection

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Journal of Groundwater Science and engineering 2024年第2期12卷 205-222页

作者： Xin Wang Guo-qiang Zhou Yan-guang Liu Ying-nan Zhang Mei-hua Wei Kai Bian School of Earth science and engineering Hebei University of EngineeringHandan 056038HebeiChina institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang 050061China technology Innovation Center of Geothermal&Hot Dry Rock Exploration and Development Ministry of Natural ResourcesShijiazhuang 050061China Shanxi Key Laboratory for Exploration and Exploitation of Geothermal Resources Taiyuan 030024China Shanxi Geological engineering Exploration institute Taiyuan 030024China

This paper focuses on the study of the evolutionary mechanism governing the temperature field of geothermal reservoir under low-temperature tailwater reinjection conditions,which is crucial for the sustainable geothermal energy *** advancing exploitation of geothermal resources deepens,precise understanding of this mechanism becomes paramount for devising effective reinjection strategies,optimizing reservoir utilization,and bolstering the economic viability of geothermal energy *** article presents a comprehensive review of temperature field evolution across diverse heterogeneous thermal reservoirs under low-temperature tailwater reinjection conditions,and analyzes key factors influ-encing this *** evaluates existing research methods,highlighting their strengths and *** study identifies gaps in the application of rock seepage and heat transfer theories on a large scale,alongside the need for enhanced accuracy in field test results,particularly regarding computational effi-ciency of fractured thermal reservoir models under multi-well reinjection *** address these shortcomings,the study proposes conducting large-scale rock seepage and heat transfer experiments,coupled with multi-tracer techniques for field testing,aimed at optimizing fractured thermal reservoir models'computational efficiency under multi-well reinjection ***,it suggests integrat-ing deep learning methods into research *** initiatives are of significance in deepening the understanding of the evolution process of the temperature field in deep thermal reservoirs and enhancing the sustainability of deep geothermal resource development.

关键词： Geothermal reinjection Seepage heat transfer Tracer test Numerical simulation Thermal breakthrough

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GUARDIAN: A Multi-Tiered Defense Architecture for Thwarting Prompt Injection Attacks on LLMs

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Journal of Software engineering and Applications 2024年第1期17卷 43-68页

作者： Parijat Rai Saumil Sood Vijay K. Madisetti Arshdeep Bahga School of Computer Science engineering & technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Cloudemy technology Labs Chandigarh India

This paper introduces a novel multi-tiered defense architecture to protect language models from adversarial prompt attacks. We construct adversarial prompts using strategies like role emulation and manipulative assistance to simulate real threats. We introduce a comprehensive, multi-tiered defense framework named GUARDIAN (Guardrails for Upholding Ethics in Language Models) comprising a system prompt filter, pre-processing filter leveraging a toxic classifier and ethical prompt generator, and pre-display filter using the model itself for output screening. Extensive testing on Meta’s Llama-2 model demonstrates the capability to block 100% of attack prompts. The approach also auto-suggests safer prompt alternatives, thereby bolstering language model security. Quantitatively evaluated defense layers and an ethical substitution mechanism represent key innovations to counter sophisticated attacks. The integrated methodology not only fortifies smaller LLMs against emerging cyber threats but also guides the broader application of LLMs in a secure and ethical manner.

关键词： Large Language Models (LLMs) Adversarial Attack Prompt Injection Filter Defense Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Cybersecurity

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Advancements in life-on-a-chip: The impact of “Beyond Limits Manufacturing” technology

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 13-16页

作者： Weiwei He Hongbo Zhang Xudong Lin Lili Zhu Tingting Zheng Hao Pei Yang Tian Min Zhang Guoyue Shi Lei Wu Jianlong Zhao Gulinuer Wumaier Shengqing Li Yufang Xu Honglin Li Xuhong Qian Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design School of PharmacyEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China School of Mechanical and Power engineering East China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor technology and Biomedical Instrument School of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518000China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes Department of ChemistrySchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Shanghai institute of Microsystem and Information technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China Innovation Center for AI and Drug Discovery East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Lingang Laboratory Shanghai 200031China

This review explores the concept of life-on-a-chip,which involves the creation of miniaturized biological systems,such as organs,tissues,and model organisms,on microscale platforms called microfluidic *** chips consist of intricately etched channels,wells,and chambers that enable precise control and observation of fluids,cells,and biochemical reactions,facilitating the simulation of various aspects of human or animal physiology and the study of responses to different stimuli,drugs,or disease *** review highlights the application of a novel technology,“Beyond Limit Manufacturing”(BLM),in the development of sophisticated three-dimensional cell models and model organism ***-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip(OoC)are among the thriving developments in the field of microfluidics,allowing for the reconstruction of living microenvironments and implementation of multiple *** review discusses the latest advancements in life-on-a-chip technology using BLM and outlines potential future research directions,emphasizing the significant role of these chips in studying complex biological processes in a controlled and scalable manner.

关键词： Beyond Limit Manufacturing Model-organism-on-a-chip Organ-on-a-chip

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Organic near-infrared optoelectronic materials and devices:an overview

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 17-42页

作者： Zong-Lu Che Chang-Cun Yan Xue-Dong Wang Liang-Sheng Liao Soochow University Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials(FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and DevicesSuzhouChina Soochow University College of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Materials ScienceJiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric MaterialsSuzhouChina Macao University of Science and technology Macao Institute of Materials Science and EngineeringMacaoChina

Near-infrared(NIR)light has shown great potential for military and civilian applications owing to its advantages in the composition of sunlight,invisibility to human eyes,deeper penetration into biological tissues,and low optical loss in optical ***,organic optoelectronic materials that can absorb or emit NIR light have aroused great scientific interest in basic science and practical *** on these NIR organic optoelectronic materials,NIR optoelectronic devices have been greatly improved in performance and *** this review,the representative NIR organic optoelectronic materials used in organic solar cells,organic photodetectors,organic light-emitting diodes,organic lasers,and organic optical waveguide devices are briefly introduced,and the potential applications of each kind of device are briefly ***,we summarize and take up the development of NIR organic optoelectronic materials and devices.

关键词： near-infrared organic optoelectronic materials organic solar cells organic light-emitting devices organic optical waveguides

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