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Observation of the Emission Spectra of an Atmospheric Pressure Radio-frequency Plasma Jet

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Plasma Science and Technology 2005年第5期7卷 3045-3047页

作者：王百荣朱文超蒲以康 chemical defence institute The Sixth Department of Research institute of chemical defence Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

An atmospheric pressure plasma jet （APPJ） using radio-frequency （13.56 MHz） power has been developed to produce homogeneous glow discharge at low temperature. With optical emission spectroscopy, we observed the excited species （atomic helium, atomic oxygen and metastable oxygen） generated in this APPJ and their dependence on gas composition ratio and RF power. O and O2（b1∑g^＋） are found in the effluent outside the jet by measuring the emission spectra of effluent perpendicular to the jet. An interesting phenomenon is found that there is an abnormal increase of O emission intensity （777.4 nm） between 10 mm and 40 mm away from the nozzle. This observation result is very helpful in practical operation.

关键词： low temperature plasma atmospheric pressure plasma jet optical emissionspectroscopy

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Multi-dimensional Bi@C electrocatalyst for Cr3+/Cr2+ redox reaction boosting high-performance iron-chromium flow batteries

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Min Wu Mingjun Nan Shumin Liu Caihe Zhong Lin Qiao Huamin Zhang Xiangkun Ma Department of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian Maritime University Division of Energy Storage Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

With the increasing demand for energy storage technology, iron-chromium flow batteries（ICFBs） have been widely concerned because of their price advantage. However, the low electrochemical activity of Cr3+/Cr2+redox couples and the side hydrogen evolution reaction limit the industrial application of ICFBs. A multi-dimensional Bi/carbon composite electrocatalyst（Bi@C）for ICFB is designed and prepared to improve the electrochemical activity of Cr3+/Cr2+redox couples. Benefiting by using the Bimetal organic framework（Bi-MOF） with solid matrix as precursors, Bi nanospheres are highly dispersed on the Bi@C electrocatalyst that effectively enhances the electrochemical activity. The special morphology of Bi@C electrocatalyst helps the transfer of electrons and ions, significantly reducing the polarization of battery. Herein, the 3D porous carbon frames accelerate mass transfer, and the 2D carbon nanobelts and carbon layer coating on 0D Bi nanospheres improve the conductivity of Bi nanospheres. Therefore, the ICFB with multi-dimensional Bi@C electrocatalyst exhibits coulombic efficiency of 98.10% and energy efficiency of 79.14% at 140 mA cm-2, which is higher than ICFBs with commercial graphite carbon electrocatalyst and with heat treatment carbon felt. This work provides a simple and economical method to fabricate a high-performance multidimensional Bi@C electrocatalyst for Cr3+/Cr2+redox couples, boosting the development of ICFBs.

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Photosynthetic reaction pathways of natural and artificial systems

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Shixing Lei Liting Bi Lingxuan Chen Zhanting Li Jia Tian State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in chemical Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences

Photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy through highly coordinated photosynthetic *** by natural systems,artificial photosynthesis aims to develop an efficient,sustainable,and cost-effective pathway for solar-tochemical *** review examines natural photosynthetic pathways,including retinal/rhodopsin-,bacteriochlorophyll-,and chlorophyll-based systems,highlighting their key components and ***,we outline reaction pathways in artificial photosynthetic systems constructed via heterogeneous,homogeneous,self-assembly,and semi-artificial strategies,focusing on water splitting,carbon fixation,and nitrogen ***,we offer insights into future directions for artificial photosynthesis,emphasizing the importance of using self-assembly strategies and the potential of using primitive phototrophic microorganisms as models.

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From waste to wealth:Coal tar residue derived carbon materials as low-cost anodes for potassium-ion batteries

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 464-475页

作者： Zhonghua Lu Jun Shen Xin Zhang Lingcong Chao Liang Chen Ding Zhang Tao Wei Shoudong Xu College of chemical Engineering and Technology Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China College of Chemistry Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China School of chemical Engineering and Pharmacy Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China School of Energy and Power Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China

Carbon materials are widely recognized as highly promising electrode materials for various energy storage system *** tar residues(CTR),as a type of carbon-rich solid waste with high value-added utilization,are crucially important for the development of a more sustainable *** this study,we employed a straightforward direct carbonization method within the temperature range of 700-1000℃to convert the worthless solid waste CTR into economically valuable carbon materials as anodes for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).The effect of carbonization temperature on the microstructure and the potassium ions storage properties of CTR-derived carbons(CTRCs)were systematically explored by structural and morphological characterization,alongside electrochemical performances *** on the co-regulation between the turbine layers,crystal structure,pore structure,functional groups,and electrical conductivity of CTR-derived carbon carbonized at 900℃(CTRC-900H),the electrode material with high reversible capacity of 265.6m Ah·g^(-1)at 50 m A·g^(-1),a desirable cycling stability with 93.8%capacity retention even after 100 cycles,and the remarkable rate performance for PIBs were ***,cyclic voltammetry(CV)at different scan rates and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique(GITT)have been employed to explore the potassium ions storage mechanism and electrochemical kinetics of *** indicate that the electrode behavior is predominantly governed by surface-induced capacitive processes,particularly under high current densities,with the potassium storage mechanism characterized by an“adsorption-weak intercalation”*** work highlights the potential of CTR-based carbon as a promising electrode material category suitable for high-performance PIBs electrodes,while also provides valuable insights into the new avenues for the high value-added utilization of CTR.

关键词： coal tar residue carbon materials anode potassium-ion batteries high value-added

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Harnessing the Streptomyces-originating type I-E CRISPR/Cas system for efficient genome editing in Streptomyces

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年

作者： Yuhui Xie Xiaoyan Liu Tingting Wu Yunzi Luo Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education) School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University Department of Gastroenterology State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University Georgia Tech Shenzhen institute Tianjin University Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable chemical Transformations

Since their discovery,CRISPR/Cas systems have significantly expanded the genetic toolbox,aiding in the exploration and enhanced production of natural products across various *** these,class 2 CRISPR/Cas systems are simpler and more broadly used,but they frequently fail to function effectively in many Streptomyces *** this study,we present an engineered class 1 type I CRISPR/Cas system derived from Streptomyces avermitilis,which enables efficient gene editing in phylogenetically distant Streptomyces *** a plasmid interference assay,we identified the effective protospacer adjacent motif as 5′-AAN-3′.Utilizing this system,we achieved targeted chromosomal deletions ranging from 8 bp to 100 kb,with efficiencies exceeding 92%.We further utilized this system to insert DNA fragments into different Streptomyces genomes,facilitating the heterologous expression of exogenous genes and the activation of endogenous natural product biosynthetic gene ***,we established a type I CRISPR/Cas-based gene-editing methodology that significantly advances the exploration of Streptomyces,known for their rich natural product *** is the first report of a gene editing tool developed based on the endogenous class 1 type I CRISPR/Cas system in Streptomyces *** work enriches the Streptomyces gene manipulation toolbox and advances the discovery of valuable natural products within these organisms.

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Magnetron sputtered nickel oxide with suppressed interfacial defect states for efficient inverted perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 348-355页

作者： Guoqiang Ma Qin Tan Zhaoning Li Jingwei Xiu Jiafeng Wang Tianle Cheng Dong He Qiang Sun Xuhang Ma Francesco Lamberti Zhubing He Department of Materials Science and Engineering Institute of Innovative Materials (I2M) Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG)Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Core Research Facilities Southern University of Science and Technology Department of chemical Sciences Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova

Widely used spin-coated nickle oxide （NiOx） based perovskite solar cells often suffer from severe interfacial reactions between the NiOxand adjacent perovskite layers due to surface defect states,which inherently impair device performance in a long-term view,even with surface molecule *** this study,we developed high-quality magnetron-sputtered NiOxthin films through detailed process optimization,and compared systematically sputtered and spin-coated NiOxthin film surfaces from materials to *** sputtered NiOxfilms exhibit improved crystallinity,smoother surfaces,and significantly reduced Ni3+or Ni vacancies compared to their spin-coated ***,the interface between the perovskite and sputtered NiOxfilm shows a substantially reduced density of defect *** solar cells （PSCs） fabricated with our optimally sputtered NiOxfilms achieved a high power conversion efficiency （PCE） of up to 19.93%and demonstrated enhanced stability,maintaining 86.2% efficiency during 500 h of maximum power point tracking under one standard sun ***,with the surface modification using (4-(2,7-dibromo-9,9-dimethylacridin-10（9H）-yl)butyl)p hosphonic acid （DMAcPA）,the device PCE was further promoted to 23.07%,which is the highest value reported for sputtered NiOxbased PSCs so far.

关键词： Perovskite

Satellite-based detection of 16.76 MeV γ-ray from H-bomb D-T fusion

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2008年第1期19卷 53-57页

作者： CHENG Jinxing WANG Lan OUYANG Xiaoping SHI Jianfang ZHANG Anhui SHEN Chunxia OUYANG Maojie NAN Qinliang institute of chemical defence PLA Beijing 102205 China Northwest institute of Nuclear Technology Xi＇an 710024 China Academy of chemical defence PLA Beijing 102205 China

Based on the high energy γ-ray yield from the H-bomb D-T fusion reaction, it brings forward the idea applying the 16.76 MeV γ-ray to judge whether the H-bomb happens or not, and to deduce the explosion TNT equivalent accurately. The Monte Carlo N-Particle was applied to simulate the high energy γ-ray radiation characteristics reaching the geosynchronous orbit satellite, and the CVD diamond detector suit for the requirements was researched. A series of experiments were carried out to testify the capabilities of the diamond detector. It provides a brand-new approach to satellite-based nuclear explosion detection.

关键词：中子物理金刚石炸弹 D-T融合

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Nanoimprint lithography-assisted block copolymer self-assembly for hyperfine fabrication of magnetic patterns based on L10-FePt nanoparticles

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Jie Zhang Yi Chen Guijun Li Zelin Sun Zhengong Meng Wai-Yeung Wong Department of Applied Biology and chemical Technology and Research institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic University The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research institute Division of Integrative Systems and Design and Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology) and institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) Nanjing Tech University

L10-FePt-type bit-patterned media has provided a promising alternative for ultrahigh-density magnetic recording systems in the current digital era, but rapid fabrication of magnetic patterns with hyperfine bit islands is still challenging, especially with the target for miniaturization and scalable production simultaneously. Herein, Fe,Pt-containing block copolymers were utilized as single-source precursors for solution-processable patterning and subsequent generation of the demanding magnetic FePt dots by in situ pyrolysis. High-throughput nanoimprint lithography was initially employed to fabricate the predefined bit cells precisely,and then the intrinsic self-assembly of phase-separated block copolymers further drove the formation of accurate bit *** from the synergistic effect of top-down lithographic approach and bottom-up self-assembly, the customizable patterns could be achieved for large-scale mass production in targeted areas, but high-density isolated dots could also be accurately aligned along the patterned features after subsequent self-assembly. This reliable strategy would provide a good avenue to precisely construct ultrahigh-density magnetic data storage devices.

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Lung-targeted polyzwitterionic lipid nanoparticles for effective treatment of lung inflammation

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Wen Zhang Jiaxin Li Nan Wang Muzi Li Chen Peng Xinyue Zhang Guanghui Ouyang Yan Li Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are non-viral nucleic acid delivery systems that show great potential in vaccine development and disease treatment. Although LNPs are particularly advantageous for in vivo delivery, the wide application of LNPs is impeded as their systemic delivery of nucleic acid drugs to extrahepatic tissues remains highly challenging. To address this issue, we developed lung-targeted polyzwitterionic LNPs with zwitterionic polymer poly(2-methyacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)(PMPC) modified 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol lipid for the delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA). Three libraries with 90PMPC-LNPs@siRNA were established. The polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs had high siRNA encapsulation efficiency of about90%. The findings revealed that polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs@siRNA absorbed protein corona with the main component of Vitronectin, mediating lung-targeted delivery of siRNA. With good cellular uptake and endo/lysosomal escape ability, in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs with siRNA against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) could significantly down-regulate the TNF-α in mRNA and protein levels, and improved the pathological features of lung inflammation. Polyzwitterionic PMPC-LNPs@siRNA achieved safe and efficient treatment of lung inflammation. Therefore, this work offered a promising siRNA therapeutic approach for lung diseases.

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