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Developing molecular-level models for organic field-effect transistors

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National Science Review 2021年第4期8卷 167-180页

作者： Haoyuan Li Jean-Luc Brédas School of Chemistry and biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Chemistry and biochemistry University of Arizona

Organic field-effect transistors(OFETs) are not only functional devices but also represent an important tool for measuring the charge-transport properties of organic semiconductors(OSs). Thus, efforts to understand the performance and characteristics of OFET devices are not only useful in helping achieve higher device efficiencies but also critical to ensuring accuracy in the evaluations of OS charge mobilities.These studies rely on OFET device models, which connect the measured current characteristics to the properties of the OSs. Developing such OFET models requires good knowledge of the charge-transport processes in OSs. In device active layers, the OS thin films are either amorphous(e.g. in organic light-emitting diodes and organic solar cells) or crystalline(e.g. those optimized for charge transport in OFETs). When the electronic couplings between adjacent OS molecules or polymer chain segments are weak, the charge-transport mechanism is dominated by hopping processes, which is the context in which we frame the discussion in this Review. Factors such as disorder, mobility anisotropy, traps, grain boundaries or film morphology all impact charge transport. To take these features fully into account in an OFET device model requires considering a nano-scale, molecular-level resolution. Here, we discuss the recent development of such molecular-resolution OFET models based on a kinetic Monte Carlo approach relevant to the hopping regime. We also briefly describe the applicability of these models to high-mobility OFETs,where we underline the need to extend them to incorporate aspects related to charge delocalization.

关键词： organic semiconductors charge transport kinetic Monte Carlo simulations mobility measurements gradual channel approximation

Van der Waals superlattices

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National Science Review 2022年第5期9卷 14-16页

作者： Huaying Ren Zhong Wan Xiangfeng Duan Department of Chemistry and biochemistry University of California California Nano Systems institute University of California

Semiconductor technology has enabled many essential devices,including transistors for computing and communication,diodes for solid-state lighting and photovoltaics.Behind all these devices,the material foundation is a series of highly elaborated heterostructures and superlattices[1].To this end,integrating different materials into heterostructures or superlattices with well-defined spatial modulation of chemical compositions and electronic structures is central for generating designed electronic functions and has been a continued pursuit of the materials science community.

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Physiological and biochemical characteristic of Miscanthus×giganteus grown in heavy metal-oil sludge co-contaminated soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第5期34卷 114-125页

作者： Anna Muratova Yelena Lyubun Irina Sungurtseva Olga Turkovskaya Asil Nurzhanova Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms RAS Saratov 410015Russia institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology Almaty 050040Kazakhstan

The effect of oil sludge and zinc,present in soil both separately and as a mixture on the physiological and biochemical parameters of Miscanthus×giganteus plant was examined in a pot experiment.The opposite effect of pollutants on the accumulation of plant biomass was established:in comparison with uncontaminated control the oil sludge increased,and Zn reduced the root and shoot biomass.Oil sludge had an inhibitory effect on the plant photosynthetic apparatus,which intensified in the presence of Zn.The specific antioxidant response of M.×giganteus to the presence of both pollutants was a marked increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase(mostly owing to oil sludge)and glutathione-S-transferase(mostly owing to zinc)in the shoots.The participation of glutathione-S-transferase in the detoxification of both the organic and the inorganic pollutants was assumed.Zn inhibited the activity of laccase-like oxidase,whereas oil sludge promoted laccase and ascorbate oxi-dase activities.This finding suggests that these enzymes play a part in the oxidative detox-ification of the organic pollutant.With both pollutants used jointly,Zn accumulation in the roots increased 6-fold,leading to increase in the efficiency of soil clean-up from the metal.In turn,Zn did not significantly affect the soil clean-up from oil sludge.This study shows for the first time the effect of co-contamination of soil with oil sludge and Zn on the phys-iological and biochemical characteristics of the bioenergetic plant M.×giganteus.The data obtained are important for understanding the mechanisms of phytoremediation with this plant.

关键词： Miscanthus×giganteus Oil sludge Zinc Antioxidant enzymes Oxidative enzymes

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: molecular insights into neural damage reduction

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第11期10卷 1764-1766页

作者： Diana Le Duc Institute of Biochemistry Molecular Biochemistry Medical FacultyUniversity of Leipzig

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders（FASD）is a group of entirely preventable,lifelong conditions,which occur upon maternal alcohol use during pregnancy.This can result in severe consequences for the newborn and ultimately the family.It is usually characterized by delays in development and motor function,craniofacial abnormalities,and difficulties with learning,memory,speech,and academic achievement.According to the German guidelines for fetal alcohol syndrome （FAS） diagnosis, the prevalence of FASD ranges between 0.02-0.8% of all annual births and often the disorder is not recognized （Landgraf et al., 2013）. The U.S. National institutes of Health regard FAS as the most common nonhereditary cause of mental retardation. Thus, preventing programs, like the one undertaken by the Aus- tralian Government, which appointed a National FASD Techni- cal Network （Elliott, 2015）, may seem a very reasonable strategy.

关键词： Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder Figure OGD

Application of CRISPR/Cas-mediated base editing for directed protein evolution in plants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第4期63卷 613-616页

作者： Niklas Capdeville Patrick Schindele Holger Puchta Botanical institute Molecular Biology and BiochemistryKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germany

Breeding for improved cultivars of existing crops depends mainly on the available amount of genetic variability in yield or quality related genes.For thousands of years,humans have relied on naturally occurring mutations to recombine and select improved crops.Using chemical or physical mutagens,the amount and range of mutations could be increased,accelerating the development of new traits.Nevertheless,naturally occurring or randomly induced mutations lead to unpredictable breeding outcomes and therefore necessitate tedious rounds of backcrossing to eventually produce useful phenotypes(Pacher and Puchta,2017).

关键词： breeding crops cultivar

Atomic-resolution view of complete TCR-CD3 revealed

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Protein & Cell 2020年第3期11卷 158-160页

作者： Jijie Chai Institute of Biochemistry University of Cologne50829 CologneGermany

Antigen-specific T-cell responses are triggered via interaction of T cell receptors(TCR)with pathogen-or tumorderived peptides presented on major histocompatibility complexes(pMHC)by antigen-presenting cells(APCs).The mechanisms of TCR signaling are fundamentally important to our understanding of adaptive immunity and TCR-based therapies.This can be exemplified by the fact that studies of TCR have led to clinical development of chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cells(Srivastava and Riddell,2015).TCR is a multiprotein complex consisting of variable TCR receptorαandβchains(TCRα/β)associated with the dimeric signaling modules CD3γ/ε,δ/ε,andζ/ζ.Over the past two decades,many models have been proposed on the arrangement of the receptor subunits,stoichiometry of the TCR-CD3 complex and the mechanisms of TCR triggering(Rudolph et al.,2006).Our knowledge of TCR signaling,however,is far from being complete partly due to the lack of structural information of a complete TCR-CD3 complex.In one recent remarkable study published in Nature(Dong et al.2019),an atomic-resolution view of a full TCR-CD3 complex has been revealed.The structure significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanism of TCR-CD3 assembly and offered unprecedented insight into TCR triggering.

关键词： immunity TCR resolution

Natural variation of ncHLAII molecules:challenges and perspectives

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第12期19卷 1432-1434页

作者： MiguelÁlvaro-Benito Protein biochemistry Institute for BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany

Identifying causal genetic variants for a given phenotype improves diagnosis and provides insights for designing therapies.However,defining the link and/or contribution to a phenotype of rare variants or those with an indirect contribution to disease remains challenging.These variants,however,are key for personalized and precision medicine strategies[1].

关键词： diagnosis insight designing

BFP1:One of 700 Arabidopsis F-box proteins mediates degradation of JA oxidases to promote plant immunity

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Molecular Plant 2024年第3期17卷 375-376页

作者： Claus Wasternack Bettina Hause Department of Molecular Signal Processing Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry7 Weinberg 306120 Halle(Saale)Germany Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry06120 Halle(Saale)Germany

A switch off in jasmonate(JA)signaling by hydroxylation upon wounding was described in 2008(Miersch et al.,2008).This initiated the cloning of CYP450 enzymes involved in hydroxylation and carboxylation of JA and its amino acid conjugate JA-le,the most active form of JA compounds(reviewed by Wasternack and Feussner[2018]and Heitz et al.[2019]).Due to the central role of JA and JA-lle in plant stress responses and development(Wasternack and Hause,2013),catabolism of JA and its derivatives is an essential component in the sustainment of homeostasis of active JA compounds(Howe et al.,2018;Heitz et al.,2019).Catabolism of JA and JAIle takes place by JA-induced oxygenases(JOXs),also named JA-oxidases(JAOs),and by hydroxylation(CYP94B3/B1)followed by carboxylation(CYP94C1),respectively(Heitz et al.,2019).Another reaction performed by IAR3/ILL6 results in the deconjugation of JA-lle and 12-OH-JA-le to JA and 12-OH-JA,respectively(Heitz et al.,2019;Wasternack and Feussner,2018).

关键词： conjugate initiated media

Harnessing nature's biosynthetic capacity to facilitate total synthesis

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National Science Review 2022年第11期9卷 16-18页

作者： Haili Zhang Ge Liao Xiaozhou Luo Xiaoyu Tang institute of Chemical Biology Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Center for Synthetic biochemistry Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Natural products (NPs) have long piqued the interests of chemists due to their structural complexity. More importantly, evolution has conferred NPs with the ability to interact with biological macromolecules (such as nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids), making them privileged scaffolds for drug discovery. Until now,

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