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Early diversification of birds: Evidence from a new opposite bird

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第11期46卷 945-950页

作者： ZHANG Fucheng ZHOU Zhonghe HOU Lianhai GU Gang institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China institute of archaeology of Liaoning Province Shenyang 120003China

A new enantiornithine bird Longipteryx chao-yangensis gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Chaoyang, western Liaoning Province. This new bird is distinguishable from other known enantiornithines in having uncinate processes in ribs, elongate jaws, relatively long wings and short hindlimbs, and metatarsal Ⅳ longer than metatarsals Ⅱ and Ⅲ. This new bird had probably possessed (i) modern bird-like thorax which provides firm attachment for muscles and indicates powerful and active respiratory ability; (ii) powerful flying ability; (iii) special adaptation for feeding on aquatic preys; and (iv) trochleae of metatarsals Ⅰ-Ⅳ almost on the same level, an adaptation for perching. The new bird represents a new ecological type different from all known members of Enantiornithes. It shows that enantiornithines had probably originated earlier than the Early Cretaceous, or this group had experienced a rapid radiation right after it first occurred in the early Early

关键词： Enantiornithes Early Cretaceous radiation.

Ancient water wells reveal a prolonged drought in the lower Yellow River area about 2800 years ago

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Science Bulletin 2018年第20期63卷 1324-1327页

作者： Shiyong Yu Xuexiang Chen Xiuling Liu Zhen Fang Junfeng Guo Senyang Zhan Hui Fang Fahu Chen School of Geography Geomaticsand PlanningJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 221116China Joint International Research Laboratory for Environmental and Social archaeology 5handong Universityfinan 250100China Jinan Municipal institute of archaeology jinan 250062China institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Proxy records from the North Atlantic realm reveal that large and rapid cooling known as the Bond events continued into the Holocene [1],repeatedly punctuating what is conventionally thought to have been a relatively stable *** that the Holocene is the most recent interglacial period that has spurred the development of modern societies,scrutinizing climate variabil- ity during this period is important not only for predicting the trend of future climate changes,but also for better understanding the driving forces behind the rise and fall of ancient civilizations.

关键词： water wells drought Yellow River area

Maternal genetic history of ancient Tibetans over the past 4000 years

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2023年第10期50卷 765-775页

作者： Ganyu Zhang Can Cui Shargan Wangdue Hongliang Lu Honghai Chen Lin Xi Wei He Haibing Yuan Tinley Tsring Zujun Chen Feng Yang Tashi Tsering Shuai Li Norbu Tashi Tsho Yang Yan Tong Xiaohong Wu Linhui Li Yuanhong He Peng Cao Qingyan Dai Feng Liu Xiaotian Feng Tianyi Wang Ruowei Yang Wanjing Ping Ming Zhang Xing Gao Yichen Liu Wenjun Wang Qiaomei Fu Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Tibet institute for Conservation and Research of Cultural Relics LhasaTibet 850000China Center for Archaeological Science School of Archaeology and MuseologySichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610064China School of Cultural Heritage Northwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710069China School of archaeology and Museology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Science and Technology archaeology National Centre for ArchaeologyBeijing 100013China Shanghai Qi Zhi institute Shanghai 200232China

The settlement of the Tibetan Plateau epitomizes human adaptation to a high-altitude environment that poses great challenges to human ***,we reconstruct a 4000-year maternal genetic history of Tibetans using 128 ancient mitochondrial genome data from 37 sites in *** phylogeny of haplotypes M9a1a,M9a1b,D4g2,G2a’c,and D4i show that ancient Tibetans share the most recent common ancestor with ancient Middle and Upper Yellow River populations around the Early and Middle *** addition,the connections between Tibetans and Northeastern Asians vary over the past 4000 years,with a stronger matrilineal connection between the two during 4000 BPe3000 BP,and a weakened connection after 3000 BP,that are coincident with climate change,followed by a reinforced connection after the Tubo period(1400 BPe1100 BP).Besides,an over 4000-year matrilineal continuity is observed in some of the maternal *** also find the maternal genetic structure of ancient Tibetans is correlated to the geography and interactions between ancient Tibetans and ancient Nepal and Pakistan ***,the maternal genetic history of Tibetans can be characterized as a long-term matrilineal continuity with frequent internal and external population interactions that are dynamically shaped by geography,climate changes,as well as historical events.

关键词： Ancient DNA Tibetans Population history Mitochondrial genome

Analysis of the potteries from ancient Liangzhu city-site

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2013年第4期56卷 945-951页

作者： LU XiaoKe LI WeiDong LIU Bin LI XinWei Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Ceramics Shanghai Institute of CeramicsChinese Academy of Sciences Cultural Relics and archaeology institute of Zhejiang Province institute of archaeology Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

The excavation of ancient Liangzhu city-site (5000 B.P.) gave a new perspective on the study of Liangzhu culture and provided important evidence for the origin of Chinese *** this work,the compositions and structures of pottery samples from Liangzhu city-site were analyzed by EDXRF,XRD,EPMA and Raman spectroscopy *** particles were proved to be an admixture for pottery for the first *** of the jades of Liangzhu culture were tremolite jades,so there might exist a connection between pottery production and jade making in Liangzhu *** carburization craft made "black skin pottery" look *** phosphorus content in pottery body implied that plant ash might have been added into body *** addition,the relationship between Liangzhu culture and other cultures was also discussed based on the similarity in pottery making technologies.

关键词： ancient Liangzhu city-site pottery chemical composition microstructure

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Skeletal element distributions of the large herbivores from the Lingjing site,Henan Province,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第2期55卷 246-253页

作者： ZHANG ShuangQuan LI ZhanYang ZHANG Yue GAO Xing Laboratory of Human Evolution Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Henan Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and archaeology Zhengzhou 450000China

More than ten thousands of bone fragments were recovered from the Lingjing site, Henan Province during 2005 and 2006. In this paper, through the quantification and statistical analyses of the skeletal elements of the two predominant species in this assemblage, aurochs (Bos primigenius) and horse (Equus caballus), the differential influences and weights of a variety of taphonomic agencies in the formation of the assemblage are assessed respectively. Compared to the natural agencies, hominid hunting and the subsequent disarticulation, slaughtering, and their transport of the bone elements of the prey species are the main factors accounting for the formation of the present assemblage. More importantly, this study initiatively identifies hominid's differential treatment of the bones of aurochs and horse in the Paleolithic record of East Asia and demonstrably suggests that hominids at the site have already practiced sophisticated hunting techniques and subsistence strategies and may be quite familiar with the ecological and anatomical characteristics and nutritional values of the large-sized prey animals and can accordingly take different processing and handling strategies at the hunting site.

关键词： Lingjing site taphonomy zooarchaeology skeletal element distribution human transport behaviors

Longgudong,an Early Pleistocene site in Jianshi,South China,with stratigraphic association of human teeth and lithics

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Science China Earth Sciences 2017年第3期60卷 452-462页

作者： LI Hao LI ChaoRong Kathleen KUMAN Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences School of Geography Archaeology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of the Witwatersrand

In this paper we report on Longgudong,an Early Pleistocene cave site in south China which was systematically excavated in 1999 and 2000,and where human teeth and associated stone artifacts were discovered within the same stratigraphic *** age of this site was estimated from faunal comparisons and palaeomagnetism and has been attributed to the Early Pleistocene,most probably the earlier Early *** human teeth from this site have been well ***,the stone artifacts are still unknown to most *** paper thus presents an analysis of the lithics as the first firmly demonstrated stone tools associated with Early Pleistocene human fossils in south China.

关键词： Longgudong Early Pleistocene Hominin teeth Stone artifacts

On fossil remains of Early Pleistocene tapir (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from Fanchang, Anhui

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第7期47卷 586-590页

作者： Tong Haowen Liu Jinyi Han Ligang institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences100044BeijingChina Anhui institute of archaeology and Relics 230061HefeiChina

The materials of Tapirus from Renzidong, Fanchang, Anhui Province, are the best ones among the early most Pleistocene findings in China up to now, not only in richness, but also in completeness. The fossils contain complete tooth rows of both the upper and the lower, as well as most parts of the postcranial skeletons. These materials are very helpful in understanding the evolutionary level of this kind of animal. In morphology, the materials from Fanchang appear to be very similar to Tapirus sanyuanensis, and can be placed within this species. The materials from Fanchang provided sound evidence to distinguish the Early Pleistocene tapirs and the living form Tapirus indicus, As to the geological distribution, it can be tentatively concluded that Tapirus sanyuanensis and Tapirus sinensis only appeared in Early Pleistocene, Megatapirus appeared after Early Pleistocene, and lasted until Holocene. The Early Pleistocene tapirs of South China resemble Megatapirus more closely than Tapirus indicus.

关键词： Tapiridae Mammalia Early Pleistocene Fanchang Anhui.

Extreme flood events and climate change around 3500 aBP in the Central Plains of China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2004年第7期47卷 599-606页

作者： XIA Zhengkai WANG Zanhong ZHAO Qingchun College of Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China archaeology Research institute Chinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijing 100001China

The Xinzhai Period (35503400 aBP) belongs to Late Neolithic Culture, which bridges the Longshan Culture and the Xia Culture in the Central Plains of China. By studying the living environment of ancient human beings at the Xinzhai site, Henan Province, this paper pre-sents the discovery of extreme floods which threatened and destroyed the living environment of the ancient human beings during the Xinzhai Period. Pollen analysis and carbon-oxygen isotope measurement suggest that the climate was warm and wet during the Xinzhai Period, in contrast to the warm and arid climate during the Longshan Culture Period. The frequent flood events were the response of abrupt climate change during the Xinzhai Period. The conclusions drawn from this study not only help better understand the environmental change in the Central Plains of China around 3500 aBP, but also provide important clues to the environmental background for the origin of Chinese civilization.

关键词： the Xinzhai Period extreme flood events climate background DOI: 10.1360/03yd0287

Luminescence dating of reticulated red clay buried in Lanshanmiao Paleolithic site in Zhejiang Province,southern China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020年第9期30卷 1436-1450页

作者： LU Ying SUN Xuefeng XU Xinmin LIU Yalin Yl Shuangwen School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Zhejiang Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and archaeology Hangzhou 310014China

The Lanshanmiao(LSM) Palaeolithic site,which was excavated in the summer of 2017 by the Zhejiang Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and archaeology,is the only excavated palaeolithic site in central Zhejiang Province to *** dating methods,including optical stimulated luminescence(OSL) and thermal transfer OSL(TT-OSL) for quartz and post-infrared(IR) stimulated luminescence(p IRIR290) for feldspar,were used to determine the age of the LSM *** results showed that the LSM section developed before 145.5 ± 12.5 ka and ended after 17.1 ± 1.0 *** TT-OSL dating of samples NJU2576 and NJU2615 showed that palaeolithic artifact-bearing layer was between 150 and 100 ka in *** age range of the palaeolithic layer mainly corresponded to the transition between Marine Isotope Stage(MIS) 6 and *** study showed that hominins prominently occupied the LSM site during the glacial and interglacial stages,when it exhibited a floodplain environment.

关键词： Lanshanmiao site Palaeolithic reticulated red clay luminescence dating glacial interglacial