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Emergence of ancient cities in relation to geopolitical circumstances and climate change during late Holocene in northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第4期10卷 669-682页

作者： Guanghui DONG Honggao LIU Yishi YANG Ying YANG Aifeng ZHOU Zhongxin WANG XiaoyanREN Fahu CHEN Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 China Qinghai Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and archaeology Xining 810007 China

The study of the history of human activities in ancient cities has provided valuable evidences for under- standing the evolution of human-land relations during the late Holocene. Numerous ancient cities were discovered through archaeological surveys of the east Qinghai Province, located on the northeastern border of the Tibetan Plateau, China; however, the mystery of when or why these cities were built remains unsolved. As recorded in this paper, we sampled reliable dating materials from 47 ancient cities in the area, determined their ages by radiocarbon dating, and compared the dating results with historical documents and high resolution paleoclimate records to explore the influencing factors for the develop- ment of these ancient cities. The 54 radiocarbon dates indicated that most of these cities were built or repaired during the Han Dynasty （202 BC-AD 220）, Tang Dynasty （AD 618-AD 907）, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period （AD 907-AD 960）, the Song dynasty （AD 960-AD 1279）, and the Ming Dynasty （AD 1368-AD 1644）. The radiocarbon dates correspond well with historical records of the area. Our work suggests the ancient cities in east Qinghai Province were likely built primarily for military defense, and may have also have been affected by climate change.

关键词： radiocarbon dating ancient city historicrecords war climate change

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The spatial pattern of farming and factors influencing it during the Peiligang culture period in the middle Yellow River valley, China

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Science Bulletin 2017年第23期62卷 1565-1568页

作者： Can Wang Houyuan Lu Wanfa Gu Naiqin Wu Jianping Zhang Xinxin Zuo Fengjiang Li Daojing Wang Yajie Dong Songzhi Wang Yanfeng Liu Yingjian Bao Yayi Hu Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Zhengzhou Municipal institute of archaeology Zhengzhou 450052 China The School of History and Culture Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China

The Peiligang culture （ca. 7000-5000 cal BC） is the earliest Neo- lithic culture in the middle Yellow River valley and represents the emergence of cereal farming in the region. It has long been considered representative of millet farming, which requires a dry field, a certain amount of rainfall, and minimal crop management, but new records reveal that mixed farming of millet and rice （Oryza so.） took place during this period.

关键词： The spatial pattern farming and factors

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Cosmogenic 26Al/10Be Burial Dating of the Birth of the Present Hanjiang River

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第1期94卷 214-215页

作者： XU Xinghua LU Chengqiu LU Yiming TU Hua WANG Shejiang SUN Xuefeng School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Hubei Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and archaeology Wuhan 430077China BGEG School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China

Objective Structural lows and major rift systems provide the basis for the creation of large *** uplift of the Qinling and Daba Mountains structural belts and Tibetan Plateau would have provided the basis for the origin and northwest–southeast flow of the ancient Hanjiang River(Lu et al.,2018).After a long-term evolution,the present pattern of Hanjiang River has been *** to six river terraces in the Hanzhong and Yunxian basins along the flanks of Hanjiang River valleys had been identified and some terraces had been dated by using optically stimulated luminescence(OSL),paleomagnetic,and electron spin resonance(ESR)dating methods,and correlating the pedostratigraphy and magnetic susceptibility with the Luochuan loess section by our team(Sun et al.,2016,2017).These terraces are composed of fluvial deposits overlaid with eolian deposits,and record the evolution history of the Hanjiang River.(Fig.1).This study is aimed to deduce the birth time of the present Hanjiang River by using 26Al/10Be burial dating method to date the highest fluvial terraces of the Hanjiang River.

关键词： Be Burial Dating of the Birth of the Present Hanjiang River Cosmogenic

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Did the Nationalist Government Manipulate the Chinese Bond Market？ A Quantitative Perspective on Short-Term Price Fluctuations of Domestic Government Bonds, 1932-1934

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Frontiers of History in China 2015年第1期10卷 126-144页

作者： Felix Boecking Monika Scholz School of History Classics and Archaeology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH10 6AJUK Biophysical Sciences Graduate Program Institute for Biophysical Dynamics The University ofChicago Chicago IL 60615 USA

Based on a newly constructed set of data, this paper offers a quantitative perspective on the Nationalist Government＇s relations with China＇s domestic bond markets during the period 1932-34. For all the recent revisionist scholarship on the achievements of Nationalist state-building, the perception of the Nationalist elite as corrupt is still widely accepted. In order to demonstrate the empirical potential of quantitative financial history, this paper tests one particular assertion： that members of the Nationalist elite manipulated the issue price of domestic government bonds in order to enrich themselves and their associates. We test this by calculating two price data correlations： that of a first sample of government bonds, all of them issued before 1932, and that of a second sample of government bonds, which includes bonds issued during the period under review. The price fluctuations of the first sample are correlated with each other to a much higher degree than those of the second sample. This indicates that the prices of bonds in the first sample were reacting similarly to the same range of influences, while the bonds issued during the period under review and included in the second sample were displaying individual price fluctuations. One possible explanation for this is that members of the Nationalist elite enriched themselves or their associates by issuing domestic government bonds at artificially low prices. In sum, the article illustrates both the potential and the limitations of quantitative history： it allows us to test and dismiss a precisely formulated hypothesis about Nationalist corruption, but it is only one possible way in which statistical analysis can be applied and does not cover the wholeDid the Nationalist Government Manipulate the Chinese Bond Market？ realm of state practices

关键词： bond markets Guomindang financial history quantitative methods

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Multi-technique analysis of an ancient stratified glass eye bead by OCT, μ-XRF, and μ-Raman spectroscopy

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Chinese Optics Letters 2020年第9期18卷 1-7页

作者： Junqing Dong Qinghui Li Yongqing Hu Sci-Tech archaeology Center Laboratory of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Materials and DevicesKey Laboratory of Materials for High-Power LaserShanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Henan Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and archaeology Zhengzhou 450000China

In this Letter, we report a combination of non-invasive analysis of the cross-section structure, phase, and chemical composition combining optical coherence tomography(OCT) with spectroscopic methods such as X-ray analytical microscope(μ-XRF) and micro-Raman spectroscopy(μ-RS), which allow us to effectively and conveniently identify the colorants used for each color region and the glass-making process of an ancient multicolored stratified glass eye bead. The results reveal that the sophisticated colors of the glass bead arise from the transition metals and chemical compound crystals deliberately added in the same base glass and carefully adjusted by the glass maker to obtain four colors. We also propose and discuss the provenance of the glass *** was probably introduced to China through the Northern Silk Road from Egypt or the Eastern Mediterranean areas about 1400 years ago. The combined multi-analytical technique is the promising approach for precious cultural heritage research.

关键词： multi-spectroscopic methods combination of non-invasive analysis ancient stratified glass cross-section structure chemical composition glass-making process

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Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence of human and pig diets at the Qinglongquan site,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第4期54卷 519-527页

作者： GUO Yi HU YaoWu ZHU JunYing ZHOU Mi WANG ChangSui Michael P. RICHARDS Department of Human Evolution Max-Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig D-04103 Germany Lab of Human Evolution Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Department of Scientific History andArchaeometry Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology School of Humanities Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China Hubei Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and archaeology Wuhan 430077 China

Previous studies on the Rice-Millet （foxtail millet and common millet） Blended Zone in Chinese Neolithic have not clearly addressed such questions as the importance of primitive rice-millet mixed agriculture to human lifestyle and livestock managements within this region, the relationship among the development of the agriculture, paleoenvironment, and cultural interactions, and so on. Here stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of human and pig bones from the Qinglongquan site was conducted, covering two cultural phases, namely the Qujialing Culture （3000 BC to 2600 BC） and the Shijiahe Culture （2600 BC to 2200 BC）. Based on this analysis, we further discussed the diets of ancient humans and pigs in the site, investigated the importance of rice-millet mixed agriculture to human and pig diets, and explored the relationship among the primitive rice agriculture and millet agriculture, cultural interactions, and paleoenvironment. The δ^13C values of human bone collagen （-16.7‰ to -12.4‰, averaging -14.6‰±1.3‰, n=24） revealed that both C3 and Ca foods were consumed, probably from the contribution of rice （C3 plant） and millets （C4 plants） due to the coexistence of these crops at this site. In addition, the human mean δ^13C value suggested that millet agriculture was only minor in human diets. The human δ^15N values （6.6‰ to 10.8‰, averaging 9.0‰±1.2‰, n=24） showed that animal resources played a significant role in human diets, and varied greatly. The mean δ^13C value of the pigs （-14.3‰±2.5‰, n=13） was quite similar to that of the humans, but the mean δ^15N value of the pigs was slightly less （1.3‰） The similar δ^13C and δ^15N values between humans and pigs suggested that the pigs consumed a lot of humans＇ food remains. No correlations of the δ^13C and δ^15N values between humans and pigs showed that both human and pig diets were based mainly on plant foods, which might be related to highly developed rice-millet mixed agriculture at that time. In comparison with the

关键词： paleodiet the Rice-Millet Blended Zone stable isotope cultural interaction paleoenvironment

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Host evolution in Mastomys natalensis(Rodentia:Muridae):An integrative approach using geometric morphometrics and genetics

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第6期10卷 505-514页

作者： Aude LALIS Allowen EVIN Marc JANIER Lamine KOIVOGUI Christiane DENYS UMR 7205 institute of Systematic Evolution and Biodiversity(ISYEB)National Museum of Natural History CNRSSorbonne UniversitiesParisFrance institute of Evolutionary Sciences-Montpellier(ISEM) University of MontpellierCNRSIRDEPHEMontpellierFrance Department of archaeology University of AberdeenAberdeenUK Plateforme ANIMAGE-CREATIS Faculty of Medicine Lyon-EstClaude Bernard University Lyon 1LyonFrance National institute of Public Health Guinea CHU DonkaConakryGuinea

The commensal rodent Mastomys natalensis is the natural reservoir of Lassa arenavirus(LASV),which causes hemorrhagic fever in West *** study a possible effect of the virus on phenotypic and genotypic variation of its persistently infected host,we compared LASV-positive and non-infected wild-caught *** LASV effects on the phenotypic variation were explored using standard external morphometric measurements,geometric morphometric analyses of the cranial size and shape,and brain case *** genetic variability of *** specimens was assessed using 9 polymorphic microsatellite *** of sex and age,LASV-infected animals had smaller external body measurements,reproductive organs,skull size and brain case *** shape differences between the 2 groups are represented by a lateral constriction of the entire *** genetic variability revealed consanguinity only among the LASV-positive *** hypothesize that growth impairment may result in a selective disadvantage for LASV-infected ***,leading to a preferably commensal lifestyle in areas where the LAVS is endemic and,thereby,increasing the risk of LASV transmission to humans.

关键词： host evolution genetic diversity inbreeding skull shape variation

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Applying Gregory Johnson’s Concepts of Scalar Stress to Scale and Information Thresholds in Holocene Social Evolution

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Journal of Social Computing 2022年第1期3卷 38-56页

作者： Laura J.Ellyson the Department of Anthropology Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99163USA Terrestrial archaeology Division SEARCH Inc.PensacolaFL 32503USA.

Although Gregory Johnson’s models have influenced social theory in archaeology,few have applied or built upon these models to predict aspects of social organization,group size,or *** have been limited to small case ***,the relationship between a society’s scale and its information-processing capacities has been explored using the Seshat ***,I apply multiple-linear regression analysis to the Seshat data using Turchin and colleagues’9“complexity characteristics”(CCs)to further examine the relationship between the hierarchy CC and the remaining 8 CCs which include both aspects of a polity’s scale and aspects of what Kohler et ***“collective computation”.The results support Johnson’s ideas that stratification will generally increase with increases in a polity’s scale(population,territory);however,stratification is also higher when polities increase their developments in information-processing variables such as texts.

关键词： hierarchy scalar stress Seshat Databank multiple imputation multiple regression

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Characterization and origin of charcoalified foxtail millet(Setaria italica) from the Chenyuan Site of the Western Zhou Dynasty in Shangluo, SE Shaanxi, China

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科学通报 2013年第S1期58卷 75-81页

作者： FENG GuangPing LU HuaYu ZHAO JianCheng YANG YaChang LI ChengSen ZHAO ZhiJun YUAN ShunQuan BAO Yan ZHONG Bei Beijing Museum of Natural History School of Geographic and Marine Sciences Nanjing University College of Life Sciences Hebei Normal University Shaanxi institute of archaeology institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of Archeology Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Beijing Research Center of Urban System Engineering Beijing Academy of Science and Technology Shandong Museum

In this paper, we discuss charcoalified foxtail millet grains dated to the middle to late Western Zhou Dynasty and collected from the Chenyuan archeological site in Shangluo, in China's southeastern Shaanxi Province. We assigned these specimens to the species Setaria italica based on the following characteristics: an obtuse chalazal apex with missing stigmatic remains; an undulant seed surface composed of rectangular cells with undulate anticlinal walls; an elongated and deeply depressed embryo extending to almost the full seed length; and spherical starch grains. We suggest that the spread of foxtail millet from its original northern distribution center to the southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains could be attributed to: its prominence across Zhou crop systems; the latter area's arid or subarid climate; and the migration south of Zhou people fleeing severe conflict between their nation and northern nomads.

关键词： foxtail millet Chenyuan Western Zhou Dynasty Qinling Mountains Zhou crop

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Preliminary Analysis of Tectonic Deformation Phenomena in Some Archaeological Sites in Shandong Province

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Earthquake Research in China 2017年第4期31卷 513-526页

作者： Zheng Haigang Yang Yuanyuan Yao Daquan Zhao Peng Gong Xicheng Shen Xiaoqi Earthquake Administration of Anhui Province Hefei 230031China Mengcheng National Geophysical Observate Mengcheng 233500AnhuiChina Cultural Relic institute of archaeology of Anhui Province Hefei 230001China

Earthquake archaeological research was conducted in recent years at four archaeological excavation sites in Shandong,focusing on the identification and analysis of the tectonic deformation phenomena. The non-tectonic deformation phenomena were distinguished at the site of the Shang Dynasty ruins at Daxinzhuang in the Jinan suburbs. In Longshan,sand vein-filled cracks were recognized in the cultural layers of the Chengziya site,Zhangqiu City. Sand veins on the trench wall and sand tubes at the trench bottom were found densely distributed at the Shang and Zhou Dynasty cultural layers,at Qinhuangtai site,Binzhou City. The tectonic and non-tectonic origin cracks were identified on the city wall of the Site of Capital of State Qi,Linzi City. In Rizhao city,parallel distributed sand vein fracture groups were found in the cultural layer of Longshan-Warring States-Han Dynasty at Yaowangcheng site. Typical conjugate shear fractures were identified on the city wall of the ancient city of the State of Xue, Tengzhou City. The above natural deformation phenomena are concentrated in the culture layers of the Spring and AutumnWarring States-Han Dynasties and before, and characterized by seismic sand-soil liquefaction traces,which indicate that these regions might have been in the seismic active episodes in the corresponding periods. The above inference has been confirmed by microscopic data analysis.

关键词： Shandong Archaeoseismology Tectonic Deformation The Warring States Period-Han Dynasty

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