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Early millet use in West Liaohe area during early-middle Holocene

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第8期59卷 1554-1561页

作者： MA ZhiKun YANG XiaoYan ZHANG Chi SUN YongGang JIA Xin School of archaeology and Museology Peking University Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences History and Culture institute Chifeng University Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Environment School of Geographic and Oceanographic SciencesNanjing University

It is generally recognized that millet agriculture originated in northern China. However, the domestication process of foxtail millet(Setaria italica) and broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum) is still poorly understood. Based on statistical and morphological analyses of ancient millet starch grains, a tangible hypothesis has been proposed for the long-term domestication of green foxtail millet(S. viridis). However, the hypothesis requires validation by evidence from more regions and more archaeological finds. The West Liaohe region is one of the earliest regions of millet cultivation. Here, we report ancient starch grains recovered from 12 stone grinding tools from eight sites of the Xiaohexi culture(before 8.5 ka BP), Xinglongwa culture(8.2–7.4 ka BP), Zhaobaogou culture(7.0–6.4 ka BP), and Hongshan culture(6.5–5.0 ka BP) in the West Liaohe region of China. Our results indicate that the proportion of millet starch grains with wrinkled surfaces and rough edges, which are diagnostic of wild millet grasses, decreased from 13.0% to 3.4% from the Xiaohexi culture to the Hongshan culture. Millet starch grains measuring >16.8 ?m, a size class recorded only in domesticated foxtail millet, increased from 55.0% to 62.1%. These millet data imply that the process of millet domestication in the West Liaohe region began in the Xiaohexi period and continued up to the Hongshan period.

关键词： Plant domestication West Liaohe region Agricultural origin Neolithic Age Starch grain analysis

Subspecies in Przewalski's gazelle Procapra przewalskii and its conservation implication

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第16期58卷 1897-1905页

作者： MARDAN Turghan JIANG ZhiGang GROVES Colin P YANG Ji FANG HongXia Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of archaeology and Anthropology Australian National University

Przewalski’s gazelle Procapra przewalskii is an endangered species endemic to China. A question remains about subspecific variation in this species. Skulls of Przewalski’s gazelle collected from its current remnant ranges around the Qinghai Lake in combination with those collected prior to the 20th century were measured and analyzed using Hierarchical Cluster Analysis in order to clarify the question. Unexpectedly, P. p. diversicornis, extirpated from its historic range, has spread to the Qinghai Lake region where it has replaced nominotypical P. p. przewalskii and is now restricted to a few small isolated populations around the lake. We discuss the causes of this unexpected replacement. In this study, we discuss the possibility of a new form, possibly a new subspecies, in the Guide Basin, adjacent to Qinghai Lake; it is unclear whether the new form has long existed and was only discovered in recent years, or whether it evolved in recent times due to the geographical isolation and anthropogenic landscape features. The study sheds light on the processes of microevolution and subspeciation in Procapra przewalskii, and based on the findings, we propose measures for conservation strategies for Przewalski’s gazelle.

关键词：普氏原羚亚种保护青海湖地区濒危物种聚类分析普氏野马贵德盆地

Reflections on Studying Huang Di Nei Jing in the West

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 72-76页

作者： Edward Neal Apricot Grove Educational Services Portland 97213the United States of America Xinglin institute for Early East Asian Medicine Portland 97213the United States of America

Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic) has been the source text of Chinese medicine knowledge and innovation for over two thousand years. Despite this key relevance, many of its ideas and practices have proven difficult to understand and implement fully into clinical practice. Cultural and language differences can be compounded with these challenges but may also present new opportunities for advancement and insight when studied by researchers outside of the originating culture. This article introduces the method of Classical-Text archaeology and delves into the author’s two-decade journey of researching this text, with a discussion on cultural differences and issues of medical scholarship.

关键词： Huang Di Nei Jing Chinese medicine Nei Jing nature-based medicine Classical text research Global health Medical anthropology Classical-Text archaeology

Maternal genetic structure of a neolithic population of the Yangshao culture

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第8期48卷 746-750页

作者： Bo Miao Yichen Liu Wanfa Gu Qingli Wei Qian Wu Wenjun Wang Ming Zhang Manyu Ding Tianyi Wang Juncen Liu Feng Liu Peng Cao Qingyan Dai Ruowei Yang Xiaotian Feng Wanjing Ping Weihong Hou Haibing Yuan Qiaomei Fu Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyCenter for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China College of Life Sciences Northwest UniversityBeijing 100044China institute of Cultural Relics and archaeology in Zhengzhou City Zhengzhou 450052China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 China College of Cultural Heritage Northwest UniversityXi'an 710069China School of archaeology and Museology&National Demonstration Center for Experimental archaeology Education Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China

The Yangshao culture is one of the most influential Neolithic cultures in East *** populations associated with the Yangshao culture were widely distributed along the Yellow River basin and were suggested to play a profound role in the present-day East *** date,the population of the Yangshao culture is largely investigated through archaeological studies.

关键词： culture hao structure

Starch grain analysis reveals function of grinding stone tools at Shangzhai site, Beijing

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Science China Earth Sciences 2009年第8期52卷 1164-1171页

作者： YANG XiaoYan YU JinCheng Lü HouYuan CUI TianXing GUO JingNing GE QuanSheng institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing Cultural Relics institute Beijing 100009China institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of archaeology and Museology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Prehistoric groundstone tools including slabs (metate, mo-pan) and mullers (mano, mo-bang) are often considered to be tools that were used to process cereals in ancient China. Most archaeologists believe that groundstone tools are indicators of an agrarian economy. This study employed starch grain analysis to examine a slab and a muller excavated from the Shangzhai Site (7500-7000 cal a BP), Beijing. Identifiable starch grains recovered from the stone tools were classified into 9 genera and 12 species, most of which were from acorns and foxtail millets. Remains from the oak species Q. mongolicus, Q. acuttssima, and Q. dentate were identified as well as a few starch grains from broomcorn (Panicum miliaseum) and bean (Vigna sp.). Other starch grains were from unidentifiable roots and grasses. A variety of starch grains indicates that the grinding stone tools were used to process not only cereals, but also other seeds or roots that had to be ground or husked, thus bringing into question the aforementioned cereal hypothesis. Because the numbers of starch grains from nuts and millets were so large, both gathering and cultivation might have been important economic patterns before 7000 years ago in Beijing area. Moreover, the starch remains are derived from plants that indicate that the paleoclimate of Beijing was wetter and warmer than today’s.

关键词： starch grain analysis artifact function slab and muller Shangzhai Site Beijing

Huanglong Cave, a new late Pleistocene hominid site in Hubei Province,China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2006年第20期51卷 2493-2499页

作者： WU Xianzhu LIU Wu GAO Xing YIN Gongming Hubei Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and archaeology Wuhan 430077 China institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

For the past 20 years the modern hu- man origins debate has received a significant amount of attention in paleoanthropological research. Primar- ily supported by the evidence of earlier dates of anatomically modern human fossils and genetic studies, the “Out of Africa” hypothesis is based on the belief that the ancestor of all modern humans, in- cluding modern Chinese, came from Africa. The op- posite hypothesis “Mutiregional evolution” proposes that continuous evolution occurred on a regional scale, for which human paleontology offers strong support. However, due to the paucity of hominid fos- sils in China between 100 and 50 ka, support to the latter hypothesis is currently weak. This is a report here of five human fossil teeth, and associated stone tools and mammal fossils from a newly discovered cave site, Huanglong Cave, located in Yunxi County, Hubei Province, China. Preliminary studies indicate: (1) the morphological features of the human fossils resemble those of late Pleistocene human fossils from China; (2) the stone tools display patterns of both the southern and northern Paleolithic cultures of China; (3) the mammal fossils represent the “Ailuro- poda-Stegodon” faunal unit which lived in southern China throughout the Pleistocene. ESR and U-series dating on animal teeth and a stalagmite derived from the same layer as the human teeth indicate two possible ages: 103±1.6 ka and 44±12.5 ka. In addi- tion to other evidence presented here, it is believed that hominid occupation of the cave was likely around 100 ka. If this age is further substantiated, Huanglong Cave will be the first late Pleistocene hominid fossilsite in China where anatomically modern humans lived about 100 ka. The human fossils and other re- lated materials from Huanglong Cave will provide important information for research on the origin of modern Chinese.

关键词：人类化石人类起源黄龙洞晚更新世原始人类湖北

Pollen dispersal in traditional processing of buckwheat and its application in agricultural archaeology

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第12期61卷 1792-1803页

作者： Yang LIU Xue SHANG Pengfei SHENG Guoding SONG Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Department of archaeology and Anthropology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Pollen, as an important index of the paleoenvironment and ancient human agricultural activities, is also one of the significant indicators for research on buckwheat agriculture. In order to test buckwheat pollen dispersal during each crop processing stage, we applied traditional processing simulation experiments of buckwheat crops in a modern village, to collect aerial pollen and perform statistical analysis. The result has shown that the distribution of buckwheat pollen in residential areas is closely related to human processing behaviour. Among all the processing procedures, pollen release rate is highest in the threshing and the sieving stages. The redistribution and burial of pollen during crop processing is an important reason for the prominent increase of crop pollen concentration in the cultural layer. Not only can it indicate the cultivation and processing behaviour of humans but also provide a basis for identifying the crop processing remains in archaeological sites and assessing the intensity of agricultural activities.

关键词： Buckwheat Crop processing Pollen dispersal Agricultural activities Agricultural archaeology

ASPECTS OF ETHNOarchaeology AND THE EXPLOITATION OF THE HIGHLAND ZONE

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Natural Disaster Reduction in China 1987年第1期 203-212页

作者： JOHN G.NANDRIS University College institute of archaeology University of London

RIASSUNTO-Aspetti dell’etnoarcheologia e lo sfruttamento delle zone montane.L’Autore prende inconsiderazione due diverse aree geografiche,parte dell’arco alpino centro-orientale e quello dei Carpazi,in cui sono state svolte ricerche sia archeologiche che etnoarcheologiche sui modelli d’insediamento attualein aree *** in particolare sottolineata l’importanza dello studio emologico per una migliorericostruzione dei modelli di vita delle popolazioni preistoriche portando svariati esempi presi principalmentenei Balcani meridionali.

关键词： ASPECTS OF ETHNOarchaeology AND THE EXPLOITATION OF THE HIGHLAND ZONE

Dog10K: an international sequencing effort to advance studies of canine domestication, phenotypes and health

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 810-824页

作者： Elaine A.Ostrander Guo-Dong Wang Greger Larson Bridgett M.von Holdt Brian W.Davis Vidhya Jagannathan Christophe Hitte Robert K.Wayne Ya-Ping Zhang National Human Genome Research institute National Institutes of Health State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Palaeogenomics and Bio-archaeology Research Network School of Archaeology University of Oxford Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University institute of Genetics Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern IGDR CNRS University of Rennes Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos Angeles the Dog10K Consortium

Dogs are the most phenotypically diverse mammalian species, and they possess more known heritable disorders than any other non-human mammal. Efforts to catalog and characterize genetic variation across well-chosen populations of canines are necessary to advance our understanding of their evolutionary history and genetic architecture. To date, no organized effort has been undertaken to sequence the world's canid populations. The Dog10 K Consortium(http://***10 ***) is an international collaboration of researchers from across the globe who will generate 20× whole genomes from 10 000 canids in 5 *** effort will capture the genetic diversity that underlies the phenotypic and geographical variability of modern canids worldwide. Breeds, village dogs, niche populations and extended pedigrees are currently being sequenced, and de novo assemblies of multiple canids are being constructed. This unprecedented dataset will address the genetic underpinnings of domestication, breed formation, aging, behavior and morphological variation. More generally, this effort will advance our understanding of human and canine health.

关键词： genomics genome-wide association studies(GWAS) breed selection variation evolution