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Groundwater uptake of different surface cover and its consequences in great Hungarian plain

Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 408-416页

作者： Zoltán Gribovszki Péter Kalicz Kitti Balog András Szabó Tibor Tóth Péter Csáfordi Mohamed Metwaly Sándor Szalai institute of Geomatics and Civil Engineering University of SopronSopronHungary institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry Centre for Agricultural ResearchHungarian Academy of SciencesBudapestHungary Forest Research institute National Agricultural Research and Innovation CentreBudapestHungary archaeology Department College of Tourism and ArchaeologyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia National Research institute of Astronomy and Geophysics(NRIAG) CairoEgypt MTA CSFK GGI SopronHungary

Introduction:Forest cover in Hungary has increased from 1.1 to 2.0 million hectares during the last *** EU(European Union)promotes further afforestation;thus,15,000–18,000 ha are being forested each year,mainly in the Hungarian Great *** terms of species used for afforestation,poplar plantations are preferred over native oak *** groundwater uptake of trees can be a significant water balance element of forested areas in shallow groundwater environments within the Hungarian Great *** can cause water table depressions and subsurface salt accumulation in areas with negative water *** study examined the hydrological impact of forest cover in the Hungarian Great *** the framework of this research,climatic water balance,water table depth and salinity,subsoil layering,tree species and stand age were analysed as influencing *** paper compares the effect which an oak forest,a poplar plantation and a pasture have on groundwater uptake and salt ***:The water table level was roughly 0.4–0.5 m lower beneath the oak forest and the poplar plantation than it was beneath the *** groundwater use was 1.5–2 times higher than that of *** uptake of oak forest was greater than that of poplar plantation during the monitoring *** accumulation,which shows water use in the longer run,was slightly higher for poplar in deeper ***:The greater amount of groundwater used by trees does not lead to a higher salt uptake as only a slight accumulation of salt was measured beneath the ***,hybrid poplar was slightly less favourable than native oak when considering salinization ***,even greater groundwater uptake by trees over longer timescales could cause more significant salt accumulation under pronounced drought conditions due to climate change.

关键词： Groundwater recharge/water budget Evapotranspiration Diurnal fluctuation Forest cover Salinization

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Archaeological discovery and research on the remains of the paleoflood of the Yuxi site

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第S1期53卷 18-27页

作者： BAI JiuJiang ZOU HouXi ZHU Cheng institute of Cultural Relics and archaeology of Chongqing Chongqing 400013China Department of Geography and Sea Science of Nanjing University Nanjing 210093China

The research of the paleoflood remains from archaeological sites is one of the most important jobs in the environmental *** on the traditional archaeological methods and the archaeological finds from the Yuxi site,Fengdu County of Chongqing,the paper analyzes the difference between the cultural layers and the possible paleoflood layers from various angles,such as contents,shapes of gravels,pottery,etc.,identifies the possible paleoflood deposit layers,*** paleoflood remains of the Yangtze River,and discusses the periodicity of the floods.

关键词： paleoflood environmental archaeology culture layer possible palieoflood layer Yuxi site

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Starch grain analysis reveals ancient diet at Kuahuqiao site,Zhejiang Province

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第12期55卷 1150-1156页

作者： YANG XiaoYan JIANG LePing institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Zhejiang Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and archaeology Hangzhou 310014 China

Charred residues adhering to sherds of ceramic cooking vessels,pots (Fu),excavated from the Kuahuqiao site (8000-7000 cal a BP) in Zhejiang Province were examined using the method of starch grain *** starch grains were recovered from charred residues and were classified into 8 *** from rice (Oryza spp.),job's-tears (Coix chinesis T.),bean (Vigna spp.),acorn (Quercus spp.) as well as possibly buckeye tree (Aesculus chinensis B.) were *** starch grains from unidentified plants were also *** with bordered pits from softwood fibers were also found,indicating that some food might have been processed with wooden *** range of starch grains in the charred residues adhering to the ceramic pots reveals the diversity of ancient plant foods at the Kuahuqiao site,Zhejiang Province.

关键词：古代饮食淀粉粒浙江省网站 Oryza 大学学报蒙古民族具缘纹孔

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Study on the most early glass eye-beads in China unearthed from Xu Jialing Tomb in Xichuan of Henan Province,China

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第4期52卷 922-927页

作者： GAN FuXi CHENG HuanSheng HU YongQing MA Bo GU DongHong Shanghai institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghiai 201800China Fudan University Shanghai 200433China Henan Research institute of Cultural Relics and archaeology Zhengzhou 450000China

The eye-beads dating to the early Warring States Period unearthed from Xu Jialing Tomb in Xichuan County of Henan Province, China are studied. The structure and the chemical composition of the sam- ples are analysed by the undestructive methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique. The results show that these eye-beads are of glass state. Its chemical composition indicates that they belong to the glass of soda lime silicate system (Na2O-CaO-SiO2). By comparing the decorative design and the chemical composition of the samples with those from ancient Babylon and ancient Egypt, we think that these ancient eye-beads in Xichuan were most possibly im- ported from the West.

关键词： glass eye-beads origin ancient exchange between China and the west chemical composition analysis

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Taphonomic analysis of the Lingjing fauna and the first report of a Middle Paleolithic kill-butchery site in North China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第30期56卷 3213-3219页

作者： ZHANG ShuangQuan GAO Xing ZHANG Yue LI ZhanYang Laboratory of Human Evolution Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Henan Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and archaeology Zhengzhou 450000 China

More than ten thousand bone fragments were recovered from the Lingjing site, Henan Province, during 2005 and 2006. A taphonomic analysis of the faunal remains strongly indicates that hominids have a dominant role in the accumulation and modification of the assemblage. Based on the taphonomic and zooarcheological characteristics of the animal remains, including species richness, mortality patterns, skeletal element profiles, and bone surface-modifications, and on the local ecology, we suggest that the Lingjing site is a Middle Paleolithic kill-butchery site rather than a home base for early humans. The presence of large numbers of stone artifacts may therefore signify a strong sense of planning and farsightedness in the subsistence strategies of early human groups. The Lingjing site is presently the only taphonomically-identified, Middle Paleolithic kill-butchery site known in North China.

关键词：旧石器时代中国北方动物群屠宰场网站灵境埋藏早期人类

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Discovery and significance of buried paleoearthquake of the early Shang Dynasty (1260-1520 BC) in Xuecun,Xingyang,Henan Province,China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第12期55卷 1186-1192页

作者： XIA ZhengKai ZHANG XiaoHu CHU XiaoLong ZHANG JunNa Department of Urban and Environmental Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China Henan Provincial institute of Cultural Relics and archaeology Zhengzhou 450000 China

Due to the South-to-North Water Diversion Project,the salvage archaeological excavations were conducted in Xuecun,Xingyang city,Henan Province,China,by the institute of Cultural Relics and archaeology of Henan Province in 2005 and *** evidence for a paleoearthquake was found during the excavation in the Xuecun archaeological *** evidence includes faults,two small grabens and a series of ground *** geological structures are considered to be generated by the *** on the relationship between the paleoseismic relics and the cultural layers excavated in the site,we inferred that the earthquake took place in the early Shang Dynasty (the Erligang period).The AMS 14C dates of charcoal from ash pits in the site indicate that the earthquake occurred between 1260 BC and 1520 *** paleoearthquake during this period was first discovered in the Central Plain of *** discovery not only extents the scope of paleoseismic investigation,but also provides valuable information for safety evaluation of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project.

关键词：古地震河南省中国早期商代荥阳市掩埋引水工程

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Metallurgy at the Crossroads: New Analyses of Copper-based Objects at Tianshanbeilu, Eastern Xinjiang, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2020年第3期94卷 594-602页

作者： LIU Cheng LIU Ruiliang ZHOU Pengcheng LU Chun YANG Zengxin A.Mark POLLARD Peter HOMMEL MA Jian CUI Jianfeng Peter BRAY TONG Jianyi Jessica RAWSON School of Cultural Heritage Northwest UniversityXi’an 710069China Research Center of Material Science and archaeology NPU Institute of Culture and HeritageNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China School of archaeology University of OxfordOxfordUK(OX13TG Xi’an Museum Xi’an 710068China Shandong University of Finance and Economics Library Jinan 250012China School of Electronic Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710068China Department of archaeology Classics and EgyptologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK(L77BD School of archaeology and Museology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China British Museum LondonUK(WC1B 3DG Department of archaeology University of ReadingReadingUK(RG66AB

Tianshanbeilu is the largest Bronze Age site in eastern Xinjiang, China. Stretching across the entire second millennium BC, it performed a prominent role in connecting the Hexi corridor, Central China and the steppe. A further insight into the metallurgical tradition and the metal supply network is of vital importance to improve our understanding of its multi-connected nature. This paper offers a new set of chemical and isotopic data on the copper-based objects at Tianshanbeilu, including alloying elements, trace elements(impurities) and lead isotopes. Combining the concentrations of arsenic and antimony reveals that arsenic was introduced to copper partially due to the use of specific minerals tethrahedrite-tennantite. Lead isotopes demonstrate that multiple sources of copper were employed at Tianshanbeilu and a majority of them are characterized by common lead, which appears rather different from those of the Central Plains and the Hexi corridor, but highly consistent with local ores. Surprisingly, one object at Tianshanbeilu contains the well-known highly radiogenic lead. This object undoubtedly marks the westernmost boundary of the distribution of the highly radiogenic lead. We also anticipate that more lead isotopic analyses in NW China will further contribute to the study of the highly radiogenic lead in Central China.

关键词： highly radiogenic lead chemical and isotopic analysis metallurgy Tianshanbeilu

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An engraved artifact from Shuidonggou,an Early Late Paleolithic Site in Northwest China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第26期57卷 4594-4599页

作者： PENG Fei GAO Xing WANG HuiMin CHEN FuYou LIU DeCheng PEI ShuWen Laboratory of Human Evolution Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China institute of archaeology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Yinchuan 750001China

Cognition and symbolic thinking are viewed as important features of modern human *** objects are seen as a hallmark of cognition and symbolism,and even as evidence for *** evidences including engraved bones,ochre,ostrich eggshells and stone artifacts were unearthed from Africa,Europe,Levant even Siberia Paleolithic *** the archaeological evidence for this,including beads,ornaments,burials,performed objects and engraved objects,is rarely discovered in the Pleistocene of East *** present paper reports an engraved stone object unearthed in the Early Late Paleolithic levels about 30 ka BP at the Shuidonggou site(SDG) in northwestern *** was unearthed in the 1980's excavation from Lower culture unit of SDG1 but was identified in 2011 when the first author of this article observed the collection from the 1980's excavations stored in the institute of archaeology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region for further detailed lithic *** lithic artifact is the first engraved non-organic object of the Paleolithic period found in *** order to clarify the details of the incisions and to document the human intentional modifications,we used a KEYENCE VHX-600 Digital Microscope to measure and observe all the incisions in 3-dimensional *** the natural cracks and analyzing many details of the incisions,we argue that incisions on this stone artifact are the result of intentional behaviors by ancient ***,we exclude the possible other causes including animal-induced damages,post-depositional phenomenon and unintentional *** all these features,we suggest that the incisions were made by an intentional behavior and were probably of a non-utilitarian *** the nature of most other engraved objects in China is debate,we cannot get a clear scenario of the emergence and progress of modern human behavior in North *** we infer the possible existence of a counting or recording system

关键词：中国西北地区旧石器遗址水洞沟旧石器时代晚期人类行为考古证据岩屑分析地中海东部

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Relationship between the rise and fall of Loulan ancient city and centennial-scale climate events and cycles

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2023年第4期17卷 1070-1080页

作者： Deke XU Chang LI Yingyu JIN Zhenhua DENG Bing XU Kangkang LI Jianping ZHANG Xiaohong SUN Jing FENG Yingxin JIAO Hao LI Xiaoguang QIN Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China institute of Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing Jianhua Experimental Yizhuang School Beijing 100176China School of archaeology and Museology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Geological Research institute of China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau Beijing 100013China Loulan Museum of Ruoqiang County Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous PrefectureXinjiang 841800China

The discovery of Loulan ancient city(LA)in the early 20th century has important significance for understanding the history of Western regions and the Silk Road *** current academic community still has disputes on whether LA was the capital of Loulan Kingdom,the time of its rise,peak and decline,and the process,rate and driving mechanism of human activity *** study uses the radio carbon dates(^(14)C)database of LA to reconstruct the history of the rise and fall of human activity,and finds that LA experienced more than~500 years from its rise to its peak and then to its decline:1)the city rose rapidly,and the population increased rapidly from~A.D.0 to 230;2)the city was prosperous and flourishing,and the intensity of human activity reached its peak from~A.D.160 to 340,especially in~A.D.230,when the population reached its peak;3)the city accelerated its decline,and the intensity of human activity decreased significantly,and the population shrank rapidly from~A.D.230 to 500;4)LA was completely abandoned after~*** results of the ^(14)C dating database do not support that LA was the early capital of the Loulan *** comparing the human activity record of LA with the existing high-resolution palaeoclimate records in the surrounding mountainous areas of the Tarim Basin and South Asia,it is found that the superposition of centennial-scale westerly circulation strength events and the~500-year cycle of the Indian monsoon jointly controlled the precipitation and meltwater(snow)supply of the mountains in the Tarim Basin,affecting the changes of surface runoff and oasis area in the basin,which is one of the important factors causing the rise and fall of LA.

关键词： ^(14)C probability density time series analysis ~500-year cycle Indian monsoon westerly circulation

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Speciation of organic phosphorus in a sediment profile of Lake Taihu Ⅱ.Molecular species and their depth attenuation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第5期25卷 925-932页

作者： Shiming Ding Di Xu Xiuling Bai Shuchun Yao Chengxin Fan Chaosheng Zhang State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of Sciences College of Environment and Planning Henan University GIS Centre Ryan Institute and School of Geography and ArchaeologyNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland

The understanding of organic phosphorus（P） dynamics in sediments requires information on their species at the molecular level,but such information in sediment profiles is scarce.A sediment profile was selected from a large eutrophic lake,Lake Taihu（China）,and organic P species in the sediments were detected using solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy（31 P NMR） following extraction of the sediments with a mixture of 0.25 mol/L NaOH and 50 mmol/L EDTA（NaOH-EDTA） *** results showed that P in the NaOH-EDTA extracts was mainly composed of orthophosphate,orthophosphate monoesters,phospholipids,DNA,and *** of the major organic P compound groups and pyrophosphate showed a decreasing trend with the increase of *** half-life times varied from 3 to 27 years,following the order of orthophosphate monoesters 〉 phospholipids DNA 〉 *** component analysis revealed that the detected organic P species had binding phases similar to those of humic acid-associated organic P（NaOH-NRP HA）,a labile organic P pool that tends to transform to recalcitrant organic P pools as the early diagenetic processes *** demonstrated that the depth attenuation of the organic P species could be partly attributed to their increasing immobilization by the sediment solids,while their degradation rates should be significantly lower than what were suggested in previous studies.

关键词： organic phosphorus sediment half-life time 31 P NMR Lake Taihu

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