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Nitrogen addition promotes soil carbon accumulation globally

Science China Life sciences 2025年第1期68卷 284-293页

作者： Xuemei Yang Suhui Ma Erhan Huang Danhua Zhang Guoping Chen Jiangling Zhu Chengjun Ji Biao Zhu Lingli Liu Jingyun Fang institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences

soil is the largest carbon(C) reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a crucial role in regulating the global C cycle and climate *** nitrogen(N) deposition has been widely considered as a critical factor affecting soil organic carbon(SOC) storage, but its effect on SOC components with different stability remains unclear. Here, we analyzed extensive empirical data from 304 sites worldwide to investigate how SOC and its components respond to N addition. Our analysis showed that N addition led to a significant increase in bulk SOC(6.7%), with greater increases in croplands(10.6%) and forests(6.0%) compared to grasslands(2.1%). Regarding SOC components, N addition promoted the accumulation of plant-derived C(9.7%–28.5%) over microbial-derived C(0.2%), as well as labile(5.7%) over recalcitrant components(–1.2%), resulting in a shift towards increased accumulation of plant-derived labile C. Consistently, N addition led to a greater increase in particulate organic C(11.9%) than mineral-associated organic C(3.6%), suggesting that N addition promotes C accumulation across all pools, with more increase in unstable than stable pools. The responses of SOC and its components were best predicted by the N addition rate and net primary productivity. Overall, our findings suggest that N enrichment could promote the accumulation of plant-derived and non-mineral associated C and a subsequent decrease in the overall stability of soil C pool, which underscores the importance of considering the effects of N enrichment on SOC components for a better understanding of C dynamics in soils.

关键词： meta-analysis nitrogen enrichment soil organic carbon carbon accumulation carbon stability

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The main physical properties of planosol in maize(Zea mays L.) cultivation under different long-term reduced tillage practices in the Baltic region

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第7期14卷 1309-1320页

作者： K?stutis Romaneckas Egidijus ?arauskis Dovil? Avi?ienyt? Sidona Buragien? David Arney institute of agrosystems and soil sciences Aleksandras Stulginskis University institute of Agricultural Engineering and Safety Aleksandras Stulginskis University Department of Nutrition and Animal Products Quality Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences

The impact of sustainable reduced tillage （RT） on the physical properties of soil is well documented worldwide; however, there is no precise information about the influence of long-term RT or no-till （NT） on the soils at the boundary for grain maize-growing in the semi-humid subarctic climate conditions of the Baltic states, especially on the formation of a hard- ened upper soil layer （10-15 cm in depth） --＂loosening hardpan＂. This study was carried out at the Research Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Lithuania from 2009-2012. The investigations were based on a long-term （since 1988） field experiment. The aim of the investigation was to ascertain the influence of reduced primary tillage on the main soil＇s physical properties. This study examined soils that were deep ploughing （DP）, shallow ploughing （SP）, deep cultivation （DC）, shallow cultivation （SC）, and no-till （NT）. Reducing the tillage intensity to NT had no significant effect on the structural soil＇s composition; however, the stability of the structure of the 〉1 and 〉0.25 mm-size fractions was significantly higher in the non-reversibly tilled （DC, SC） and NT plots. The penetration resistance of the DP soils was less after primary tillage and wintering, and became similar to the NT plots at the end of the maize growth season. After primary tillage and wintering, the soil moisture content in the upper soil layer （0-5 cm depth） of the NT plots was 17-49 and 16-18% higher than that in the DP. Long-term reduction of primary tillage up to NT generally had no significant effect on the moisture content and soil bulk density of the 0-10 and 10-20 cm layers. The results showed that long-term RT stabilized the physical quality of soil. Less soil penetration resistance was established in the DP plots compared to both RT and NT, however, indicators of the formation of a uniform ＂loosening hardpan＂ layer were not found. It is summarized that long-term RT or NT systems stabilize, or may increase, the physical

关键词： bulk density maize moisture content penetration resistance reduced tillage soil aggregation

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The shifts of precipitation phases and their impacts

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Science China Earth sciences 2025年

作者： Xuemei LI Tao CHE Yuanlong TANG Huan'e DUAN Guigang WANG Xu ZHANG Chuanming YANG Jun WU Yue ZHANG Lanhai LI Faculty of Geomatics Lanzhou Jiaotong University National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring Key Laboratory of Science and Technology in Surveying & Mapping Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen soil Engineering Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research StationNorthwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Utilization in Arid Zone Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese academy of Sciences Tianshan Snow Cover and Avalanche Observation and Research Station of Xinjiang

Precipitation comes in various phases, including rainfall, snowfall, sleet, and hail. Shifts of precipitation phases, as well as changes in precipitation amount, intensity, and frequency, have significant impacts on regional climate, hydrology,ecology, and the energy balance of the land-atmosphere system. Over the past century, certain progress has been achieved in aspects such as the observation, discrimination, transformation, and impact of precipitation phases. Mainly including:since the1980s, studies on the observation, formation mechanism, and prediction of precipitation phases have gradually received greater attention and reached a certain scale. The estimation of different precipitation phases using new detection theories and methods has become a research focus. Avariety of discrimination methods or schemes, such as the potential thickness threshold method of the air layer, the temperature threshold method of the characteristic layer, and the near-surface air temperature threshold method,have emerged one after another. Meanwhile, comparative studies on the discrimination accuracy and applicability assessment of multiple methods or schemes have also been carried out simultaneously. In recent years, the shift of precipitation from solid to liquid (SPSL) in the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere has become more pronounced due to global warming and human activities. It leads to an increase in rain-on-snow (ROS) events and avalanche disasters, affecting the speed, intensity, and duration of spring snow-melting, accelerating sea ice and glacier melting, releasing carbon from permafrost, altering soil moisture, productivity, and phenological characteristics of ecosystems, and thereby affecting their structures, processes, qualities, and service functions. Although some progress has been made in the study of precipitation phases, there remains considerable research potential in terms of completeness of basic data, reliability of discrimination schemes,

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Contribution of fungal biomass to persistent soil carbon across natural ecosystems

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Science China Earth sciences 2025年

作者： Xiang WANG Guang-Hui YU Yakov KUZYAKOV Bo-Hao YIN Andreas KAPPLER Cong-Qiang LIU Bohai Coastal Critical Zone National Observation and Research Station Institute of Surface-Earth System Science School of Earth System Science Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim Tianjin University Department of soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems Department of Agricultural Soil Science University of G?ttingen Agro-Technological institute Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) Geomicrobiology Center for Applied Geosciences University of Tübingen Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection University of Tübingen

Fungi are known to be crucial in the formation and stabilization of soil organic matter through their exudates and dead residues (necromass). Yet, it remains unclear how fungi contribute to the persistence of carbon in soils over millennial scales across biomes. Here, this study fills the knowledge gap by linking fungal carbon stocks with minerals-associated carbon stocks across major biomes. A strong correlation between fungal biomass and reactive mineral-associated carbon stocks in soils across six biomes supports the substantial role of fungi in soil carbon persistence at the global level. High spatial resolution nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed that fungi may stabilize carbon by forming organo-mineral associations through their close physical connection to reactive minerals and weathered nanoparticles. We propose a conceptual model that emphasizes the dualistic role of hypha-mineral interactions:(i) fungi accelerate organic matter decomposition by producing reactive oxygen species on the hypha-mineral interfaces, and (ii) fungi stabilize their residues on mineral surfaces, leading to millennial scale persistence of soil C. Concluding, fungi play a fundamental role in ecosystems that extends beyond the decomposition of persistent carbon. They are crucial in stabilizing carbon on mineral surfaces, thereby facilitating the long-term removal of carbon from rapid biotic cycling.

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Bed planting of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)improves nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield compared to flat planting

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The Crop Journal 2015年第2期3卷 118-124页

作者： Abdul Majeed Atif Muhmood Abid Niaz Shahid Javid Zahid Ashfaq Ahmad Syed Shahid Hussain Shah Asrar Hussain Shah soil Chemistry Section Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences Ayub Agricultural Research Institute

Conventional flat planting is commonly used for growing wheat in Pakistan and the crop is irrigated by flood irrigation, but it leads to ineffective use of applied nitrogen owing to poor aeration and leaching and volatilization losses. The practice also results in greater crop lodging, lower water use efficiency, and crusting of the soil surface. In contrast, bed planting of wheat not only saves water but improves fertilizer use efficiency and grain yield. Three years of pooled data from the present study showed that wheat planting on beds and nitrogen application at 120 kg ha-1produced 15.06% higher grain yield than flat planting at the same nitrogen rate. Similarly, 25.04%, 15.02%, 14.59%, and 29.83% higher nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use, and agronomic and recovery efficiencies, respectively, were recorded for bed compared to flat planting. Wheat planting on beds with a nitrogen application of80 kg ha-1gave a yield similar to that of flat planting with 120 kg ha-1nitrogen. However,the economic return was 29% higher in bed planting as compared to flat planting, when nitrogen was applied at 120 kg ha-1.

关键词： Bed and flat planting N uptake N use efficiency Grain yield

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Protection Methods to Reduce Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Sloping Citrus Land in the Three Gorges Area of China

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Pedosphere 2015年第3期25卷 478-488页

作者： XIA Li-Zhong LIU Guo-Hua WU Yong-Hong MA Li LI Yun-Dong institute of soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

The increased application of chemical fertilizers in citrus orchards and the non-point source nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P)diffusion threaten the fresh water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China. A 10-year field trial on sloping citrus lands was conducted to evaluate five protection methods for reducing N and P losses: 1) intercropping with perennial white clover(CW); 2) straw mulching of the soil surface(CS); 3) intercropping with yellow daylily contour hedgerows(CH); 4) an impermeable membrane buried in the soil along the contour lines(CM); and 5) intercropping with a rotation of wheat and peanut(CWP). An area of conventional citrus management was also maintained as the control(CK). The results showed that CM and CH were the most effective methods for reducing surface runoff. The sediment yield were reduced at the highest rate by CW and CH and was also significantly reduced by CS. Reduced runoff volume and sediment yield were the crucial mechanism for the reductions in N and P losses. Compared with the control, CW, CS, CH, and CM reduced annual runoff by 9%, 13%, 25%, and 30%, sediment yield by 77%, 55%, 71%, and 28%,N loss by 10%, 23% 36%, and 37%, and P loss by 39%, 31%, 27%, and 25%, respectively. CW, CS, CH, and CM were effective in reducing N and P losses from the sloping citrus land. However, over the long-term, surface soil nutrient accumulation in CW, CS, and CH diminished the benefit of those methods in reducing N and P losses. In addition, CWP increased soil erosion and nutrient loss,which showed that citrus intercropping with other crops was an unsuitable method for citrus sloping land in the Three Gorges area.

关键词： contour hedgerows impermeable membrane intercropping runoff sediment straw mulching

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Dynamic analysis of slab track on multi-layered transversely isotropic saturated soils subjected to train loads

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第4期13卷 731-740页

作者： Zhan Yongxiang Yao Hailin Lu Zheng Yu Dongming institute of Rock and soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Institute of Rock and soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The dynamic responses of a slab track on transversely isotropic saturated soils subjected to moving train loads are investigated by a semi-analytical approach. The track model is described as an upper Euler beam to simulate the rails and a lower Euler beam to model the slab. Rail pads between the rails and slab are represented by a continuous layer of springs and dashpots. A series of point loads are formulated to describe the moving train loads. The governing equations of track-ground systems are solved using the double Fourier transform, and the dynamic responses in the time domain are obtained by the inverse Fourier transform. The results show that a train load with high velocity will generate a larger response in transversely isotropic saturated soil than the lower velocity load, and special attention should be paid on the pore pressure in the vicinity of the ground surface. The anisotropic parameters of a surface soil layer will have greater influence on the displacement and excess pore water pressure than those of the subsoil layer. The traditional design method taking ground soil as homogeneous isotropic soil is unsafe for the case of RE 〈 1 and RG 〈 1, so a transversely isotropic foundation model is of great significance to the design for high train velocities.

关键词： slab track transversely isotropic saturated soil Biot's theory train load dynamic response

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Influence of metal ions on sulfonamide antibiotics biochemical behavior in fiber coexisting system

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2019年第6期31卷 267-276页

作者： Lan Zhang Ruihuan Chen Yun Liu Youjun Deng Zhongpei Li Yuanhua Dong Key Laboratory of soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences Department of soil and Crop sciences Texas A&M University

Metal ions and fiber are common compounds in the livestock and poultry manure,which will affect the fate of organic compounds in aqueous environment. However,limited research has addressed the effect of coexisting metal ions and fiber on the biodegradation of sulfonamide antibiotics. Accordingly, a compositing study was performed to assess the effect of metal ions(Fe3+and Cu2+) on the biodegradation of sulfadimethoxine sodium salt(SDM) in the presence of fiber. The enhanced adsorption of SDM onto fiber in the presence of metal ions can be attributed to the π+–π electron donor acceptor(EDA) interaction. The microbial(Phanerochaete chrysosprium) could easily attach onto fiber forming attached microbial, and the degradation rates of SDM of immobilized bacteria in the presence of Fe3 +were 100%, which were significantly higher than those of free bacteria(45%). This study indicates that Fe3 +and fiber could enhance the biodegradation of SDM. Fiber acts as adsorbent, carrier, and substrate which enhanced the removal of SDM.

关键词： Adsorption mechanism Co-biodegradation Luffa fiber White-rot fungus

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Nitrous oxide emissions from black soils with different pH

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2013年第6期25卷 1071-1076页

作者： Lianfeng Wang Huachao Du Zuoqiang Han Xilin Zhang College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Dalian Jiaotong University State Key Laboratory of soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences institute of soil and Fertilizers Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

N2O fluxes as a function of incubation time from soil with different available N contents and pH were determined. Cumulative carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions were measured to indicate soil respiration. A 144-hr incubation experiment was conducted in a slightly acidic agricultural soil （PHH2o 5.33） after the pH was adjusted to four different values （3.65, 5.00, 6.90 and 8.55）. The experiments consisted of a control without added N, and with NH^-N and NO^-N fertilization. The results showed that soil pH contributed significantly to N20 flux from the soils. There were higher N20 emissions in the period 0-12 hr in the four pH treatments, especially those enhanced with N- fertilization. The cumulative NEO-N emission reached a maximum at pH 8.55 and was stimulated by NO3-N fertilization （70.4 μg/kg）. The minimum emissions appeared at pH 3.65 and were not stimulated by NO3^--N or NH4^＋-N fertilization. soil respiration increased significantly due to N-fertilization. soil respiration increased positively with soil pH （R2 = 0.98, P 〈 0.01）. The lowest CO2-C emission （30.2 mg/kg） was presented in pH 3.65 soils without N-fertilization. The highest CO2-C emissions appeared in the pH 8.55 soils for NH4^＋-N fertilization （199 mg/kg）. These findings suggested that N20 emissions and soil respiration were significantly influenced by low pH, which strongly inhibits soil microbial nitrification and denitrification activities. The content of NO3^--N in soil significantly and positively affected the N2O emissions through denitrification.

关键词： N2O emission nitrification denitrification pH soil respiration

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Wheat-Exuded Organic Acids Influence Zinc Release from Calcareous soils

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Pedosphere 2011年第5期21卷 657-665页

作者： M.A.MAQSOOD S.HUSSAIN T.AZIZ M.ASHRAF institute of soil and Environmental sciences University of Agriculture Department of soil Science University of Sargodha

Rhizosphere drives plant uptake of sparingly soluble soil zinc(Zn).An investigation with three experiments was conducted to study organic acid exudation by two contrasting wheat genotypes(Sehar-06 and Vatan),Zn fractions in 10 different calcareous soils from Punjab,Pakistan,and release of different soil Zn fractions by organic *** two genotypes differed significantly in biomass production and Zn accumulation under deficient and optimum Zn levels in nutrient *** a deficient Zn level,Sehar-06 released more maleic acid in the rhizosphere than *** soils used in the present study had very different physicochemical properties;their total Zn and Zn distribution among different fractions varied *** release behaviour was determined by extracting the soils with 0.005 mol L-1 citric acid or maleic *** parabolic diffusion model best described Zn release as a function of *** diffusion model fitting indicated more maleic acid-driven than citric acid-driven soil Zn mobility from different *** Zn release in six consecutive extractions during 24 h ranged from 1.85 to 13.58 mg kg-1 using maleic acid and from 0.37 to 11.84 mg kg-1 using citric *** the selected calcareous soils,the results of stepwise linear regression indicated significant release of Fe-Mn oxide-bounded soil Zn by maleic acid and its availability to the Zn-effcient ***,release of maleic acid by plants roots played an important role in phytoavailability of Zn from calcareous soils.

关键词： citric acid maleic acid phytoavailability plant uptake rhizosphere

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