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Effect of Low Light on the Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll a Fluorescence During Leaf Development of Sweet Pepper

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第10期11卷 1633-1643页

作者： SUI Xiao-lei MAO Sheng-li WANG Li-hao ZHANG Bao-xi ZHANG Zhen-xian College of agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Low light stress is one of the main limiting factors which influence the production of sweet pepper under protected cultivation in China. In this experiment, two genotypes of sweet pepper, ShY （low light-tolerant genotype） and 20078 （low light-sensitive genotype）, were used to study the effects of low light （photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD was 75- 100 umol m-2 s-1, control 450-500 umol m-2 s-1） on photosynthesis during leaf development. The result indicated that under low light chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate （PN）, photosynthetic apparent quantum efficiency （Фi） and carboxylation efficiency （CE） of sweet pepper leaves increased gradually and decreased after reaching the maximum levels. The time to reach the peak values for all the above parameters was delayed, whereas the light compensation point （LCP） decreased gradually along with leaf expansion. The decrease in maximum quantum yield of PS II （Fv/Fm） was not observed at any stages of the leaf development under low light condition, but the actual PS II efficiency under irradiance （ФPS II） was lower accompanied by an increased non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） in young and/or old leaves compared with mature leaves. The antenna thermal dissipation （D） was a main way of heat dissipation when young leaves received excessive light energy, while the decline in photosynthetic function in senescence leaf was mostly owing to the decrease in carbon assimilation capacity, followed by a significantly increased allocation of excessive energy （Ex）. Compared with 20078, ShY could maintain higher PN, ФPS II and lower QA reduction state for a longer time during leaf development. Thus, in ShY photosynthetic efficiency and the activity of electron transport of PS II were not significantly affected due to low light stress.

关键词： sweet pepper low light photosynthetic efficiency chlorophyll fluorescence leaf development

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The effects of Trichoderma on preventing cucumber fusarium wilt and regulating cucumber physiology

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第3期18卷 607-617页

作者： LI Mei MA Guang-shu LIAN Hua SU Xiao-lin TIAN Ying HUANG Wen-kun MEI Jie JIANG Xi-liang institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of agronomy Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University

In our previous studies, we identified 3 Trichoderma strains with anti-Fusarium oxysporum activity, including T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886. Here, we evaluated the effects of these 3 Trichoderma strains on preventing cucumber fusarium wilt through pot culture and greenhouse culture experiments. All 3 Trichoderma strains demonstrated higher control effects toward cucumber fusarium wilt than previous studies, with efficacies over 78%. Additionally, inoculation with the 3 Trichoderma strains significantly promoted the quality and yield of cucumbers. Among the 3 strains, Trichoderma 866 was the most effective, with disease control efficacy of 78.64% and a cucumber yield increase of 33%. Furthermore, seedlings inoculated with Trichoderma exhibited significantly increased measures of plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, aboveground fresh weight, underground fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and nitric nitrogen content, as well as the activities of several stress-resistance enzymes, including superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT), polyphenol oxidase(PPO), and ascorbate oxidase(AAO). In addition, the plants inoculated with Trichoderma showed decreased cell membrane permeability and malondialdehyde(MDA) content in the leaves. Together, our results suggest that T. asperellum 525, T. harzianum 610, and T. pseudokoningii 886 inoculations inhibit F. oxysporum infection, stimulate the metabolism in cucumbers, and enhance the activities of stress-resistance enzymes, which consequently promote the growth of cucumber plants, prevent cucumber fusarium wilt, and improve the yield and quality of cucumbers. T. harzianum is a commonly used biocontrol fungus, while few studies have focused on T. asperellum or T. koningense. In this study, strains of T. asperellum and T. pseudokoningii showed excellent plant disease prevention and growth promoting effects on cucumber, indicating that they also have great potential as biocontrol fungi

关键词： Trichoderma cucumber fusarium wilt physicochemical features control effect Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum Owen

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Microbial Community Dynamics During Biogas Slurry and Cow Manure Compost

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第6期12卷 1087-1097页

作者： ZHAO Hong-yan LI Jie LIU Jing-jing Lü Yu-cai WANG Xiao-fen CUI Zong-jun College of agronomy and Biotechnology/Center of Biomass Engineering China Agricultural University agronomy of Yanbian University Alan G. MacDiarmid Research institute of Renewable Energy China Three Gorges University

This study evaluated the microbial community dynamics and maturation time of two compost systems： biogas slurry compost and cow manure compost, with the aim of evaluating the potential utility of a biogas slurry compost system. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）, gene clone library, temperature, C/N ratio, and the germination index were employed for the investigation, cow manure compost was used as the control. Results showed that the basic strip and dominant strips of the DGGE bands for biogas slurry compost were similar to those of cow manure compost, but the brightness of the respective strips for each system were different. Shannon-Weaver indices of the two compost systems differed, possessing only 22% similarity in the primary and maturity stages of the compost process. Using bacterial 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis, 88 bacterial clones were detected. Further, 18 and 13 operational taxonomic units （OTUs） were present in biogas slurry and cow manure compost, respectively. The 18 OTUs of the biogas slurry compost belonged to nine bacterial genera, of which the dominant strains were Bacillus sp. and Carnobacterium sp.; the 13 OTUs of the cow manure compost belonged to eight bacterial genera, of which the dominant strains were Psychrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Clostridium sp. Results demonstrated that the duration of the thermophilic phase （more than 50°C） for biogas slurry compost was 8 d less than the according duration for cow manure compost, and the maturation times for biogas slurry and cow manure compost were 45 and 60 d, respectively. It is an effective biogas slurry assimilate technology by application of biogas slurry as nitrogen additives in the manufacture of organic fertilizer.

关键词： biogas slurry fermentation compost denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) gene clone library maturity

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Molecular mechanisms controlling seed set in cereal crop species under stress and non-stress conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第5期17卷 965-974页

作者： LI Hui-yong Thomas Lübberstedt Cereal Crops Research institute Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Department of agronomy Iowa State University

Maximizing seed yield is the ultimate breeding goal in important cereal crop species. Seed set is a key developmental stage in the process of seed formation, which determines grain number, seed mass, and realized yield potential, and can be severely affected by abiotic and biotic stresses. However, seed set can also be substantially reduced by genetic factors even under optimal fertilization conditions. The underlying molecular genetic mechanisms are still obscure. In this review, we elucidate the process of seed set of cereal crop species in detail, including development of floral structures, formation of viable gametes, double fertilization, seed development, and abortion. We discuss how genetic and non-genetic factors affect seed set in different development stages. Finally, we will propose novel strategies to study genetic mechanisms controlling seed set and exploit genetic resources to improve seed set in cereal crop species.

关键词： maize seed set molecular mechanism

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Effects of vegetation cover on recruitment of Ulmus pumila L. in Horqin Sandy Land, northeastern China

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第3期6卷 343-351页

作者： DeMing JIANG Yi TANG Carlos A BUSSO institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences agronomy Department National University of the South and CERZOS (CONICET)

Understanding the effects of vegetation cover on seedling survival is helpful for promoting vegetation restoration in environmentally fragile zones. This study was conducted in the desertified, moving sand dunes of Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia, northeastern China. We hyphothesized that （1） seed density （i.e., number/m2） increases as vegetation cover increases, and （2） there will be more surviving seedlings in locations with higher vegetation covers. Total vegetation cover and initial densities of seeds, germinated seeds and surviving seedlings of Ulmus pumilia were evaluated under various vegetation covers in trying to clarify the effects of vegetation cover on the early stages of the plant life history. In agreement with the first hypothesis, initial seed densities were greater （P〈0.05） under higher vegetation covers. The relationship between vegetation cover and initial seed density was represented by a quadratic regression, where a threshold occurred with a vegetation cover of 36% （P〈0.05）. The higher total vegetation covers, however, did not result in increased densities of germinated seeds （P〉0.05）, which on average represented 16.7% of initial seed densities. Even more, three months after the study initiation, total vegetation covers were similar （P〉0.05） at all positions in the dunes, and they determined a similar number （P〉0.05） of surviving seedlings at those positions （i.e. the second hypothesis had to be rejected）. The mean number of seedlings that survived at all positions was only 4.5% of germinated seeds. The number of surviving elm seedlings （0 to 1.7 seedlings/m2） under various vegetations covers （12.2% to 20.8%） at all dune positions by late summer would most likely not contribute to vegetation restoration in the study area.

关键词： arid and semiarid zones elm seed dispersal seed germination seedling survival

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Response of root morphology, physiology and endogenous hormones in maize(Zea mays L.) to potassium deficiency

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第4期15卷 785-794页

作者： ZHAO Xin-hua YU Hai-qiu WEN Jing WANG Xiao-guang DU Qi WANG Jing WANG Qiao College of agronomy Shenyang Agricultural University Agro-Biotechnology Research institute Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Potassium （K） deficiency is one of the major abiotic stresses which has drastically influenced maize growth and yield around the world. However, the physiological mechanism of K deficiency tolerance is not yet fully understood. To identify the differences of root morphology, physiology and endogenous hormones at different growing stages, two maize inbred lines 90-21-3 （tolerance to K deficiency） and D937 （sensitive to K deficiency） were cultivated in the long-term K fertilizer experimental pool under high potassium （＋K） and low potassium （-K） treatments. The results indicated that the root length, volume and surface area of 90-21-3 were significantly higher than those of D937 under -K treatment at different growing stages. It was noteworthy that the lateral roots of 90-21-3 were dramatically higher than those of D937 at tasselling and flowering stage under-K treatment. Meanwhile, the values of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and oxidizing force of 90-21-3 were apparently higher than those of D937, whereas malondialdehyde （MDA） content of D937 was obviously increased. Compared with ＋K treatment, the indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） content of 90-21-3 was largely increased under-K treatment, whereas it was sharply decreased in D937. On the contrary, abscisic acid （ABA） content of 90-21-3 was slightly increased, but that of D937 was significantly increased. The zeatin riboside （ZR） content of 90-21-3 was significantly decreased, while that of D937 was relatively increased. These results indicated that the endogenous hormones were stimulated in 90-21-3 to adjust lateral root development and to maintain the physiology function thereby alleviating K deficiency.

关键词： potassium deficiency maize root morphology physiological variation endogenous hormone

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Pseudohypericin and Hyperforin in Hypericum perforatum from Northern Turkey:Variation among Populations,Plant Parts and Phenological Stages

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第5期50卷 575-580页

作者： Cüneyt irak Jolita Radusiene Valdimaras Janulis Liudas Ivanauskas Faculty of Agriculture Department of Agronomy University of Ondokuz Mayis55139 KurupelitSamsunTurkey institute of Botany VilniusLT-08406Lithuania Kaunas University of medicine KaunasLT-44307Lithuania

Hypericum perforatum is a perennial medicinal plant known as ＂St. John＇s wort＂ in Western Europe and has been used in the treatment of several diseases for centuries. In the present study, morphologic, phenologic and population variability in pseudohypericin and hyperforin concentrations among H. perforatum populations from Northern Turkey was investigated for the first time. The aerial parts of H. perforatum plants representing a total of 30 individuals were collected at full flowering from 10 sites of Northern Turkey to search the regional variation in the secondary metabolite concentrations. For morphologic and phenologic sampling, plants from one site were gathered in five phenological stages： vegetative, floral budding, full flowering, fresh fruiting and mature fruiting. The plant materials were air-dried at room temperature and subsequently assayed for chemical concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography. Secondary metabolite concentrations ranged from traces to 2.94mg/g dry weight （DW） for pseudohypericin and traces -6.29mg/g DW for hyperforin. The differences in the secondary metabolite concentrations among populations of H. perforatum were found to be significant. The populations varied greatly in hyperforin concentrations, whereas they produced a similar amount of pseudohypericin. Concentrations of both secondary metabolites in all tissues increased with advancing of plant development and higher accumulation levels were reached at flowering. Among different tissues, full opened flowers were found to be superior to stems, leaves and the other reproductive parts with regard to pseudohypericin and hyperforin accumulations. The present findings might be useful to optimize the processing methodology of wild-harvested plant material and obtain increased concentrations of these secondary metabolites.

关键词： hyperforin Hypericum perforatum morphologic and phenologic variations population variability pseudohypericin.

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Amplification, analysis and chromosome mapping of novel homeobox-containing and homeobox-flanking sequences in rice

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Science China(Life Sciences) 1999年第2期42卷 162-170页

作者：刘国振严长杰翟文学何平杨江李小兵朱立煌 institute of Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China agronomy College University of Yangzhou Yangzhou China

Homeobox genes, widely distributed among animal and plant kingdoms, play an important role in developmental process. Several homeobox conserved fragments were amplified by PCR and the flanking regions were also obtained by an LM-PCR procedure. Sequencing and Southern analysis showed that they belong to a homeobox gene family of rice. Six homeobox-containing fragments were mapped on the molecular linkage map of rice. They were located on chromosomes 3, 4 and 7 respectively. It is noteworthy that there are 4 homeobox fragments located on rice chromosome 3 and the result is also consistent with the comparative genomics between rice and maize.

关键词： homeobox rice chromosome mapping LM-PCR.

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Arabidopsis LOS5 Gene Enhances Chilling and Salt Stress Tolerance in Cucumber

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第5期12卷 825-834页

作者： LIU Li-ying DUAN Liu-sheng ZHANG Jia-chang MI Guo-quan ZHANG Xiao-lan ZHANG Zhen-xian REN Hua-zhong College of agronomy and Bio-Technology China Agricultural University Horticulture institute Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Low temperature and high salinity are the major abiotic stresses that restrict cucumber growth and production, breeding materials with multiple abiotic resistance are in greatly need. Here we investigated the effect of introducing the LOS5 gene, a key regulator of ABA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, under the stress-responsive RD29A promoter into cucumber （Cucumis sativus L. cv. S516）. We found that T1 RD29A-LOS5 transgenic lines have enhanced tolerance to cold and salt stresses. Specifically, transgenic lines exhibited dwarf phenotypes with reduced leaf number, shorter internode, decreased length of the biggest leaf, fewer female flowers, shorter fruit neck and lower vitamin C （Vc）. The increased cold tolerance can be reflected from the significantly decreased cold index, the reduced electrolyte leakage index and the MDA content upon cold treatment as compared to those in the control. This may result from the accumulation of internal ABA, soluble sugars and proline, and the enhanced activities of protective enzymes superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD） and catalase （CAT） in the transgenic lines. Under salt treatment, the transgenic lines exhibited increased germination index, vigor index, more lateral roots and increased root fresh weight. Moreover, RD29A-LOS5 transgenic plants displayed quicker responses in salt stress than that in low-temperature stress.

关键词： ABA low-temperature stress LOS5 transgenic plant cucumber salt stress

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Phenotype Analysis and Fine Mapping of the Male Sterile Mutant ms10 in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第3期90卷 803-813页

作者： Gang Wei Hongxia Yang Jingwen Wu Zixian Xiong Nan Wang College of agronomy and Biotechnology Rice Research InstituteSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China

There is a positive correlation between fertility and yield,and the decrease of fertility is bound to a greatly reduced crop *** sterile mutants can be used in hybrid ***,rice male sterility has an important value in research and application,and the study of related mutants is also very *** mutant ms10(male sterile 10)reported in this study was induced by ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)in the indica maintainer line Xinong *** was no significant difference between the ms10 and wild type in the vegetative growth ***,in the reproductive growth stage,ms10 showed that the plant became shorter,the anther became smaller and the color became lighter,and finally showed the phenotype of male sterility in comparison to the wild type.I2-KI staining showed that the pollen was malformed and only a little was *** electron microscopy observation showed that the exine waxy layer of the ms10 anther decreased,suggesting that the protective effect on pollen was *** may be one of the reasons leading to the phenotype of male ***,the pollen showed shrinkage and collapsed,and the structure of germinating pore cover *** may be the result of *** analysis showed that the male sterility phenotype of the mutant was controlled by a single recessive nuclear ***10 was mapped between the molecular markers IND37 and IND51 on chromosome 4,with a physical distance of 178.6 *** results lay the foundation for further studies on MS10.

关键词： Gene mapping male sterility rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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