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Graphene effectively activating "dead" water molecules between manganese dioxide layers in potassium-ion battery

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 306-315,I0008页

作者： Xinhai Wang Wensheng Yang Shengshang Lu Shangshu Peng Tong Guo Quan Xie Qingquan Xiao Yunjun Ruan institute of advanced Optoelectronic Materials and Technology College of Big Data and Information EngineeringGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina

Aqueous potassium-ion batteries(APIBs),recognized as safe and reliable new energy devices,are considered as one of the alternatives to traditional *** MnO_(2),serving as the main cathode,exhibits a lower specific capacity in aqueous electrolytes compared to organic systems and operates through a different reaction *** application of highly conductive graphene may effectively enhance the capacity of APIBs but could complicate the potassium storage *** this study,a MnO_(2) cathode pre-intercalated with K~+ions and grown on graphene(KMO@rGO) was developed using the microwave hydrothermal method for ***@rGO achieved a specific capacity of 90 mA h g^(-1) at a current density of 0.1 A g^(-1),maintaining a capacity retention rate of>90% after 5000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).In-situ and exsitu characterization techniques revealed the energy-storage mechanism of KMO@rGO:layered MnO_(2)traps a large amount of "dead" water molecules during K~+ions ***,the introduction of graphene enables these water molecules to escape during K~+ ions insertion at the *** galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and density functional theory confirmed that KMO@rGO has a higher K~+ions migration rate than MnO_(2).Therefore,the capacity of this cathode depends on the interaction between dead water and K~+ions during the energy-storage *** optimal structural alignment between layered MnO_(2) and graphene allows electrons to easily flow into the external *** charge compensation forces numerous low-solvent K~+ions to displace interlayer dead water,enhancing the *** unique reaction mechanism is unprecedented in other aqueous battery studies.

关键词： Graphene K-ion batteries Mn-based layered oxide Water molecules Density functional theory

Exceptional mechanical performance and macroscale superlubricity enabled by core-shell-like MoS_(2)/B_(4)C film

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 2018-2030页

作者： REN SiMing GAO ZhenRong FAN Xin WANG HaiXin WANG LiPing Key Laboratory of advanced Marine Materials Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingbo 315201China

Molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)) films are widely deployed in industrial applications owing to their inherent interlayer slip characteristics, offering energy consumption savings and prolonged mechanical part performance. Nevertheless, their practical utility is limited by environmental constraints and the limitations of preparation techniques, which hinder the attainment of robust superlubricity(friction coefficient < 0.01). Herein, through magnetron sputtering technology, we synthesize a core-shell-like nanocomposite composed of MoS_(2)nanosheets encapsulating B_(4)C. The core-shell-like structure enables the resulting films to preferentially grow crystalline MoS_(2), providing them with outstanding mechanical properties and efficient lubrication over a wide range of temperatures. Remarkably, such film achieves robust macroscale superlubricity and an ultralow wear rate(1.7 ×10^(-8)mm^(3)N-1m^(-1)) under high contact stress in a mild vacuum environment. This noteworthy outcome is primarily attributable to the self-segmentation of the macroscale contact interface during the friction process, involving:(1) a large amount of wear debris is embedded into the wear track to create extensive micro-sized asperities;(2) a nanolayer of amorphous carbon enriched with oxide nanoparticles is formed on the uppermost part of these asperities;(3) numerous incommensurate nanocontacts comprising nanoparticles and highly oriented MoS_(2)nanosheets are established, culminating in the achievement of robust superlubricity. Our pioneering design, coupled with the elucidation of the underlying superlubricity mechanism, holds significant promise for advancing the development of robust and high-performance lubricants.

关键词： MoS_(2)/B_(4)C nanocomposites core-shell-like structure H/E ratio high-temperature friction macroscale superlubricity

Machine-learned wearable sensors for real-time hand-motion recognition: toward practical applications

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 231-263页

作者： Kyung Rok Pyun Kangkyu Kwon Myung Jin Yoo Kyun Kyu Kim Dohyeon Gong Woon-Hong Yeo Seungyong Han Seung Hwan Ko Department of Mechanical engineering Seoul National University IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and engineering Institute for Electronics and NanotechnologyGeorgia Institute of Technology School of Electrical and Computer engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Department of Chemical engineering Stanford University Department of Mechanical engineering Ajou University George W.Woodruff School of Mechanical engineering Georgia Institute of Technology institute of advanced Machinery and Design(SNU-IAMD) Seoul National University

Soft electromechanical sensors have led to a new paradigm of electronic devices for novel motion-based wearable applications in our daily lives. However, the vast amount of random and unidentified signals generated by complex body motions has hindered the precise recognition and practical application of this technology. Recent advancements in artificial-intelligence technology have enabled significant strides in extracting features from massive and intricate data sets, thereby presenting a breakthrough in utilizing wearable sensors for practical applications. Beyond traditional machine-learning techniques for classifying simple gestures, advanced machine-learning algorithms have been developed to handle more complex and nuanced motion-based tasks with restricted training data sets. Machine-learning techniques have improved the ability to perceive, and thus machine-learned wearable soft sensors have enabled accurate and rapid human-gesture recognition, providing real-time feedback to users. This forms a crucial component of future wearable electronics, contributing to a robust human–machine interface. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary covering materials, structures and machine-learning algorithms for hand-gesture recognition and possible practical applications through machine-learned wearable electromechanical sensors.

关键词： wearable sensor soft electronics artificial intelligence machine learning human–machine interfaces gesture recognition

Highly efficient labelling of extracellular vesicles for enhanced detection on a microfluidic platform

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 441-445页

作者： Shi Hu Rui Hao Zitong Yu Huitao Zhang Hui Yang Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center Institute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China

Developing precise extracellular vesicles(EVs)labelling techniques with minimal disturbance is of great importance to the follow-up EVs detection and ***,currently available methods such as using probes to conjugate phospholipids or membrane proteins have certain limitations due to EV steric hindrance,dye aggregation,***,we present a microfluidic platform to enhance EVs’labelling efficiency and improve their *** platform provides excellent sample throughput and high-efficiency EV labelling at lower label concentrations with an optimized flowing *** cytometry analysis(FCM)and cellular uptake results show that EV labelling by utilizing this platform possesses the merits of a higher labelling efficiency with 64.1%relative improvement than conventional co-incubation method and a lower background ***,this technique maintains EVs’size,morphology and biological *** the recipient cells uptake the EVs treated by the microfluidic platform,the spatial and temporal distribution of EVs in the cells are clearly *** results demonstrate that our method holds great potential in efficient labelling of EVs,which is essential to subsequent EV quantification and analysis.

关键词： Microfluidic platform Extracellular vesicles Labelling PKH dye Flow cytometry

Chord length sampling correction analysis for dispersion fuel in Monte Carlo simulation

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Nuclear Science and techniques 2024年第4期35卷 57-64页

作者： Zhao-Yu Liang Ding She Yu-Tong Wen Lei Shi institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology(INET) Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of EducationTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Dispersion fuels,knowned for their excellent safety performance,are widely used in advanced reactors,such as hightemperature gas-cooled *** with deterministic methods,the Monte Carlo method has more advantages in the geometric modeling of stochastic *** explicit modeling method has high computational accuracy and high computational *** chord length sampling(CLS)method can improve computational efficiency by sampling the chord length during neutron transport using the matrix chord length?s probability density *** study shows that the excluded-volume effect in realistic stochastic media can introduce certain deviations into the CLS.A chord length correction approach is proposed to obtain the chord length correction factor by developing the Particle code based on equivalent transmission *** numerical analysis against reference solutions from explicit modeling in the RMC code,it was demonstrated that CLS with the proposed correction method provides good accuracy for addressing the excludedvolume effect in realistic infinite stochastic media.

关键词： Stochastic media Monte Carlo Chord length sampling Excluded-volume effect Chord length correction

The study of intelligent algorithm in particle identification of heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate energies

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Nuclear Science and techniques 2024年第2期35卷 170-182页

作者： Gao-Yi Cheng Qian-Min Su Xi-Guang Cao Guo-Qiang Zhang School of Electronic and Electrical engineering Shanghai University of Engineering ScienceShanghai 201620China Shanghai advanced Research institute Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China Shanghai institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China

Traditional particle identification methods face timeconsuming,experience-dependent,and poor repeatability challenges in heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate *** urgently need solutions to the dilemma of traditional particle identification *** study explores the possibility of applying intelligent learning algorithms to the particle identification of heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate *** intelligent algorithms,including XgBoost and TabNet,were selected to test datasets from the neutron ion multi-detector for reaction-oriented dynamics(NIMROD-ISiS)and Geant4 ***-based machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms *** show excellent performance and generalization *** additional data features besides energy deposition can improve the algorithm’s performance when the data distribution is *** learning algorithms can be applied to solve the particle identification problem in heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate energies.

关键词： Heavy-ion collisions at low and intermediate energies Machine learning Ensemble learning algorithm Particle identification Data imbalance

Time-resolved ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering beamline(BL10U1)at SSRF

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Nuclear Science and techniques 2024年第2期35卷 6-19页

作者： Wen-Qiang Hua Chun-Ming Yang Ping Zhou Feng Tian Jin-You Lin Yu-Zhu Wang Xiao-Yun Li Xia-Ran Miao Chun-Xia Hong Qiu-Shi Huang Xin-Tong Zhao Yong-Feng Men Jie Wang Xing-Yu Gao Xiu-Hong Li Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China Key Laboratory of advanced Micro Structural Materials MOEInstitute of Precision Optical EngineeringSchool of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130022China

The construction of a new beamline,BL10U1,was completed at the Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility in *** multipurpose beamline was designed to provide X-ray scattering techniques such as ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering(USAXS),small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS),wide-angle X-ray scattering,and microfocus SAXS(μSAXS)for a broad user *** realize fast time-resolved USAXS experiments,the beamline adopted an in-vacuum undulator with a total length of 1.6 m as the photon *** in-house cryogenic-cooled double multilayer monochromator was installed to deliver a photon flux of approximately 10^(13) photons/s at a photon energy of 10 *** three-year successful operation of this beamline demonstrated that the monochromator operated smoothly,as ***10U1 has three end stations in succession:USAXS end station,μSAXS end station,and end station for industrial *** minimum scattering vector q~0.0042 nm^(-1) at 10 keV can be achieved at the USAXS end station equipped with a 28 m-long and 1.8 m-diameter vacuum flight *** theμSAXS end station,a beam spot of less than 10×8μm was achieved for micro-SAXS *** contrast,in situ experimental instruments up to 5 m high and 8 m wide can be mounted at the industrial application end station,which offers industrial scientists the opportunity to use their large industrial ***10U1 opens up a new capability to investigate phenomena such as non-equilibrium and dynamic processes of materials with a wide length scale from angstroms to micrometers with millisecond time *** this paper,we also report beamline design considerations and commissioning results.

关键词： Synchrotron radiation Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering Micro small-angle X-ray scattering USAXS Time resolved μSAXS

The dynamic surface evolution of halide perovskites induced by external energy stimulation

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 185-194页

作者： Feiyu Cheng Pengdong Wang Chenzhe Xu Qingliang Liao Suicai Zhang Haochun Sun Wenqiang Fan Guodong Liu Zhiyun Li Yaping Kong Li Wang Fangsen Li Zhuo Kang Yue Zhang Academy for advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Technology State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing Key Laboratory for advanced Energy Materials and Technologies Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Devices for Post-Moore ChipsMinistry of EducationBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology Beijing Vacuum Interconnected Nanotech Workstation(Nano-X) Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Tracking the dynamic surface evolution of metal halide perovskite is crucial for understanding the corresponding fundamental principles of photoelectric properties and intrinsic instability. However, due to the volatility elements and soft lattice nature of perovskites, several important dynamic behaviors remain unclear. Here, an ultra-high vacuum（UHV） interconnection system integrated by surface-sensitive probing techniques has been developed to investigate the freshly cleaved surface of CH3NH3PbBr3in situ under given energy stimulation. On this basis, the detailed three-step chemical decomposition pathway of perovskites has been clarified. Meanwhile, the evolution of crystal structure from cubic phase to tetragonal phase on the perovskite surface has been revealed under energy stimulation. Accompanied by chemical composition and crystal structure evolution, electronic structure changes including energy level position,hole effective mass, and Rashba splitting have also been accurately determined. These findings provide a clear perspective on the physical origin of optoelectronic properties and the decomposition mechanism of perovskites.

关键词： metal halide perovskite external energy stimulation surface dynamic evolution surface electronic structure ultra-high vacuum interconnection system

Extending microwave-frequency electric-field detection through single transmission peak method

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 417-423页

作者：刘青陈进湛王赫张杰阮伟民伍国柱郑顺元罗景庭宋振飞 College of Physics and Optoelectronic engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen institute for Technology Innovation National Institute of MetrologyShenzhen 518107China Center for advanced Measurement Science National Institute of MetrologyBeijing 100029China

The strength of microwave(MW)electric field can be observed with high precision by using the standard electromagnetically induced transparency and Aulter–Towns(EIT-AT)technique,when its frequency is resonant or nearly-resonant with the Rydberg transition *** the detuning of MW field increases,one of the transmission peaks(single peak)is easier to measure due to its increased *** can be found that the central symmetry point of the two transmission peaks f_(1/2)is only related to the detuning of MW field△_(MW)and central symmetry point f_(0)of resonant MW field,satisfying the relation f_(1/2)=△_(MW)/2+f_(0).Thus,we demonstrate a single transmission peak method that the MW E-field can be determined by interval between the position of single peak and f_(1/2).We use this method to measure continuous frequencies in a band from-200 MHz to 200 MHz of the MW *** experimental results and theoretical analysis are presented to describe the effectiveness of this *** 50 MHztechniques or multiple atomic-level Rydberg atom schemes.

关键词： microwave electric field Rydberg atom electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) Aulter-Towns splitting