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Die in pieces:How Drosophila sheds light on neurite degeneration and clearance

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Journal of genetics and Genomics 2019年第4期46卷 187-199页

作者： Maria L.Sapar Chun Han Weill institute for Cell and molecular Biology Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCornell University

Dendrites and axons are delicate neuronal membrane extensions that undergo degeneration after physical injuries. In neurodegenerative diseases, they often degenerate prior to neuronal death. Understanding the mechanisms of neurite degeneration has been an intense focus of neurobiology research in the last two decades. As a result, many discoveries have been made in the molecular pathways that lead to neurite degeneration and the cell-cell interactions responsible for the subsequent clearance of neuronal debris. Drosophila melanogaster has served as a prime in vivo model system for identifying and characterizing the key molecular players in neurite degeneration, thanks to its genetic tractability and easy access to its nervous system. The knowledge learned in the fly provided targets and fuel for studies in other model systems that have further enhanced our understanding of neurodegeneration. In this review, we will introduce the experimental systems developed in Drosophila to investigate injuryinduced neurite degeneration, and then discuss the biological pathways that drive degeneration. We will also cover what is known about the mechanisms of how phagocytes recognize and clear degenerating neurites, and how recent findings in this area enhance our understanding of neurodegenerative disease pathology.

关键词： Drosophila Neurite degeneration Axon Dendrite Wallerian degeneration Phagocyte Phagocytosis PS exposure Injury assay

Recent progress on photoactive nonprecious transition-metal complexes

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期 46-95页

作者： Zhong-Liang Gong Hong-Jie Zhang Yan Cheng Jianxun Liu Yuhan Ai Yaqin Li Zhihui Feng Qiong Zhang Shaolong Gong Yong Chen Chang-Jiang Yao Yuan-Yuan Zhu Liang-Jin Xu Yu-Wu Zhong CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Structural Cemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction EngineeringHefei University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology College of Chemistry and molecular Sciences Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials Wuhan University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Photoactive complexes of nonprecious transition metals, mainly including those in the first-row and partially the second-row of the Periodic table of elements, have received increasing attention in view of their low cost and long-term sustainability. They are recognized as promising alternatives to noble transition metal complex congeners that have been extensively studied in optoelectronic devices, artificial photosynthesis, photocatalysis, biodiagnostics, and therapeutics, etc. This review is devoted to a comprehensive summary on the classical and recent advances on photoactive nonprecious transition metal complexes, including photoactive Zr, V, Cr, Mo, and W complexes, Mn complexes and hybrids, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu complexes, and Zn and Cd complexes and hybrids. A particular focus is given on the molecular design, modulation of photophysical and photochemical properties, and applications of the representative and lately-developed nonprecious metal complexes. In addition, a perspective on the future development in this field is provided at the end of this review.

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Do not curse the darkness of the spinal cord,light TDP-43

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第5期16卷 986-987页

作者： Kazuhide Asakawa Hiroshi Handa Koichi Kawakami Department of Chemical Biology Tokyo Medical UniversityTokyoJapan Division of molecular and Developmental Biology National Institute of GeneticsDepartment of GeneticsGraduate University for Advanced Studies(SOKENDAI)ShizuokaJapan

Cytoplasmic inc lus ions containing the transactivation response element(TAR)DNAbinding protein-43(TDP-43)aggregates are hallmarks of neurodegenerative disorders,such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)and frontotemporal dementia(Arai et al.,2006;Neumann et al.,2006).Despite the well-recognized correlation between TDP-43 aggregation and neuronal degeneration,whether this relationship is causal has remained unclear.

关键词： al. degeneration TDP

Analysis of the genetic diversity and differentiation of Fenneropenaeus penicillatus populations using AFLP technology

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2012年第3期30卷 440-445页

作者：张桂玲曹媛钰黎中宝陈锦赵斌丽雷光高王展林 Laboratory of molecular genetics and molecular Ecology Fisheries CollegeJimei University institute of Aquaculture Biotechnology Jimei University

Fenneropenaeus penicillatus （redtail shrimp） is an important marine commercial animal in China. Recently, its resources have been depleted rapidly as a result of, for example, over-exploitation and environmental degradation of spawning grounds. Therefore, we analyzed the genetic diversity and differentiation of nine wild populations of F. penicillatus of China （Ningde, Lianjiang, Putian, Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangpu, Dongshan, Nanao, and Shenzhen populations） by amplified fragment .!ength polymorphism （AFLP） technology, to provide genetic information necessary for resource protection, rejuvenation, artificial breeding, and sustainable use of the resource. Eight AFLP primer pairs were used for amplification, and 508 bands were detected among the populations. The results show that the percentage of polymorphic loci （P） ranged from 41.34% to 63.58%; the Nei＇s gene diversity （H） of the populations was 0.119 4-0.230 5; and Shannon＇s Information Index （/） was 0.184 1-0.342 5. These genetic data indicate that the genetic diversity of F. penicillatus was high. The genetic differentiation coefficient （GsT=0.216 2） and gene flow （Nm=1.812 4） show that there was a high level of genetic differentiation and a moderate level of gene flow among populations. More studies on the genetic differentiation mechanism of F. peniillatus along the south-eastem coast of China need to be conducted to find more effective scientific protection strategies for the conservation ofF. penicillatus genetic resources.

关键词： Fenneropenaeus penicillatus AFLP genetic diversity genetic differentiation

Inhibitory effect of 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of human tissue-plasminogen activator (ht-PA) mRNA on its expression

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Science China Chemistry 1995年第10期38卷 1253-1260页

作者：欧阳应斌黄培堂黄翠芬 molecular genetics Center Institute of BiotechnologyBeijing 100850China

A series of t-PA cDNA mutants containing different parts of 3’-UTR sequences have *** vitro translation of t-PA transcripts in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and its expression in COS-7cells show that the 3’-UTR sequence has a very strong inhibitory effect on t-PA *** deletion of3’-UTR results in 3—8-fold increase of t-PA *** study shows that an AU-rich sequence of some200 nt at 3’ end of 3’-UTR is responsible for the translational *** stability experiment reveals thatthe AU-rich segment leads to a 3-fold decrease of t-PA mRNA *** insertion of this segment into the3’-UTR of luciferase gene results in an obvious inhibition of Luc expression.A model is proposed for theregulation of t-PA expression.

关键词： human tissue-plasminogen activator untranslated region regulation of expression

CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND CLONING OF SECRETIN GENE

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Science China Chemistry 1988年第6期31卷 687-694页

作者：钱苏雯陈常庆李载平 Academia Sinica Division of molecular genetics Shanghai institute of Biochemistry

A DNA duplex coding for the 27 amino acids of secretin has been synthesized and cloned. Indesigning the sequence of the gene, computer analysis has been applied. The following factors have beenconsidered: selection of codon usage in favour of expression in yeast; design of various sites useful ingene cloning, gene modification and expressed product purification; avoiding the repeat sequences whichmay interfere in the ligation of the synthetic fragments. The synthesis involved preparation of 12 oligo-deoxyribonucleotides (12-mer to 24-mer in length) by phosphate triester and phosphite triester method,purification by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). A new plasmid pWS1 was constructed by inser-tion of the enzymatic ligated gene fragment into plasmid pWR13.

关键词： gene CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND CLONING OF SECRETIN GENE OC

Tuning radical reactivity for selective radical/radical cross-coupling

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Science Bulletin 2018年第15期63卷 1006-1009页

作者： Shengchun Wang Shan Tang Aiwen Lei institute for advanced Studies (IAS) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University

Radical/radical cross-coupling represents a straightforward way for the construction of new chemical bonds in theory and has received more and more attention over the past several years. Until now, it is challenging to achieve the selective bond formation between two transient radicals since selective radical cross-coupling usually happens between persistent radical and transient radical. However, the number of persistent radicals is much less than that of transient radicals. These issues limit the application of radical/radical cross-coupling in the construction of new chemical bonds. To solve this, we proposed a novel strategy ‘‘tuning radical reactivity" that could tune transient radical into persistent radical. This paper will introduce the concept and recent developments of ‘‘tuning radical reactivity".

关键词： Radical/radical cross-coupling Tuning radical reactivity Oxidative cross-coupling Transient radical

Curvature geometry in 2D materials

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National Science Review 2023年第8期10卷 232-242页

作者： Nan Wei Yiran Ding Jiaqian Zhang Linyi Li Mengqi Zeng Lei Fu College of Chemistry and molecular Sciences Wuhan University The institute for advanced Studies Wuhan University

The two-dimensional(2D) material family can be regarded as the extreme externalization form of the matter in the planar 2D space. These atomically thin materials have abundant curvature structures, which will significantly affect their atomic configurations and physicochemical properties. Curvature engineering offers a new tuning freedom beyond the thoroughly studied layer number, grain boundaries, stacking order,etc. The precise control of the curvature geometry in 2D materials can redefine this material family. Special attention will be given to this emerging field and highlight possible future directions. With the step-by-step achievement in understanding the curvature engineering effect in 2D materials and establishing reliable delicate curvature controlling strategies, a brand-new era of 2D materials research could be developed.

关键词： 2D materials curvature geometry deformation strain

Essential cellular modules for the proliferation of the primitive cell

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 1155-1161页

作者： Koichi Higashi Yoshikazu Kawai Tomoya Baba Ken Kurokawa Taku Oshima Genome Evolution Laboratory National Institute of Genetics Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology Institute for Cell and Molecular BiosciencesMedical SchoolNewcastle University advanced Genomics Center National Institute of Genetics Earth-Life Science institute Tokyo Institute of Technology Graduate School of Biological Sciences Nara Institute of Science and Technology

Bacteria appeared early in the evolution of cellular life on planet Earth, and therefore the universally essential genes or biological pathways found across bacterial domains may represent fundamental genetic or cellular systems used in early life. The essential genes and the minimal gene set required to support bacterial life have recently been experimentally and computationally identified. It is, however,still hard to estimate the ancient genes present in primitive cells compared to the essential genes in contemporary bacteria, because we do not know how ancestral primitive cells lived and proliferated, and therefore cannot directly evaluate the essentiality of the genes in ancestral primitive cells. The cell wall is normally essential for bacterial proliferation and cellular division of walled bacterial cells is normally highly controlled by the essential FtsZ cell division machinery. But, bacteria are capable of reverting to their cell wall deficient ancestral form, called the ＂L-form＂. Unlike ＂normal＂ cells, L-forms divide by a simple physical mechanism based on the effects of membrane dynamics, suggesting a mode of primitive proliferation before the appearance of the cell wall. In this review, we summarize the experimental and computational investigations of minimal gene sets and discuss the minimal cellular modules required to support the proliferation of primitive cells, based on L-form proliferation.

关键词： L-form Essential genes Minimal gene set KEGG module Bacteria