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Differentiated payments for environmental services schemes: A methodology proposal

Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第8期15卷 1693-1710页

作者： Carlos R.AGUILAR-GóMEZ Sergio FRANCO-MAASS Tizbe T.ARTEAGA-REYES Agrolivestock Sciences and rural institute Autonomous University of the State of Mexico

Payment schemes for environmental services face serious budget constraints in Mexico. Payments are equally distributed among forest owners, and the governmental agencies that make payments to beneficiaries do not evaluate the amount of environmental services produced by forested areas. This lack of evaluation could lead to economic and environmental deficiencies that restrict the possible benefits of such programmes. In general, these programmes do not achieve their conservation objectives, and local beneficiaries are not involved in the design or application of these programmes. Similarly, the Payments for Hydrological Environmental Services(PHES) programme of the State of Mexico, Mexico, makes equal payments to beneficiaries of forested areas considering tree density. The objective of the present work was to create a methodology for determining differentiated payments schemes for hydrological environmental services, prioritising areas that contribute the most to groundwater recharge and promote the participation of society. In the Nevado de Toluca Natural Protected Area, the environmental criteria of forest type, tree density and aquifer overexploitation as well as social participation were considered in a multi-criteria analysis implemented in a Geographic Information System. A methodology was developed to determine differentiated payments based on specific forest characteristics that influence the potential capacity of forests to recharge groundwater reserves in addition to the level of social participation. In particular, social participation is key as it could ensure the viability of PHES programmes as conservation alternatives in forested areas with high groundwater recharge potential.

关键词： Differentiated payments Environmental services Mountain systems Multi-criteria analysis Social participation

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Multidimensional Model for Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Flooding: An Empirical Study in Pakistan

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第3期9卷 359-375页

作者： Irfan Ahmad Rana Jayant K.Routray Department of Urban and Regional Planning (URP) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE) National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Regional and rural development Planning (RRDP) and Disaster Preparedness Mitigation and Management (DPMM) Department of Development and SustainabilityAsian Institute of Technology

Urban flooding has become a regular phenomenon in many towns and cities in the Asia Pacific region over the past years. Professionals associated with disaster management and climate change are at the forefront of addressing urban flooding. To reduce flood risks,vulnerability and its components must be *** assessment methods are diverse and complex, with a varied nature of understanding the key terms used in various contexts, and this diversity ultimately reflects on the interpretation of results in research *** interpretations and definitions exist in the disaster risk and climate change literature, complicating the process of astute and comprehensive vulnerability assessment. The main purpose of this study was to quantify vulnerability indicators and develop a multidimensional model for vulnerability assessment. Vulnerability is explored through the lens of five dimensions: social, economic, physical/infrastructural, institutional, and attitudinal. This methodology is applied to urban flooding in Pakistan, to verify the proposed model. Three study sites in urban areas with different population sizes, situated in high-risk flood zones in the Punjab Province of Pakistan were selected for empirical investigation. A household survey was conducted, and indices were developed for each dimension based on welldefined indicators. The proposed methodology for vulnerability assessment was tested and found operational. This method can be replicated irrespective of spatial scales and can be modified for other disasters by streamlining hazard specific indicators.

关键词： Pakistan Punjab Urban flooding Vulnerability assessment

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Potato farmers’ preference for agricultural insurance in China: An investigation using the choice experimental method

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第4期19卷 1137-1148页

作者： HUANG Ze-ying Alec ZUO SUN Jun-mao GUO Yan-zhi institute of Food and Nutrition development Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081P.R.China Centre for Global Food and Resources University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia

Potato insurance plays an important role in transferring agricultural risks to promote the potato staple strategy. Understanding farmers’ real preferences for potato insurance attributes is important to improve the potato insurance. In this study, a choice experiment was designed with attributes such as peril, minimum compensation ratio for production loss, types of crops covered by insurance, annual premium per mu after subsidy, and complexity of claims procedures. We constructed a mixed logit model based on a questionnaire survey of 362 potato farmers’ choices of insurance attributes from 24 villages in Dingxi City of Gansu Province using random sampling. The results show that:(1) farmers prefer agricultural insurance with widely perils including output price drop and input cost risk;(2) farmers who have suffered plant disease and insect and pest damage are willing to pay a high premium for the insurance with a high compensation ratio and several types of crops covered;full-time farmers and large-scale farmers preferred insurance products with low complexity of claims procedures. Therefore, new potato insurance design could be considered specifically for different farmer groups such as those who had previous disaster experiences, and large-or small-scale farm operations.

关键词： agricultural insurance choice experimental method potato attributes preferences

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Tidal Forecast for Final Closure of Saemangeum Tidal Dike

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China Ocean Engineering 2010年第3期24卷 467-480页

作者： Byung Ho CHOI Jae Wan HA Kwang Oh KO Dae Soo EO Kyeong Ok KIM Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Sungkyunkwan University Hyundai E&C Co. Ltd. Korea rural Community Corporation Korea Ocean Research & development institute

The Saemangeum project includes well-developed tidal flats, two estuaries of the Mankyeong and Dongjin rivers, and a chain of small iskands in the outer area off the dike by reclaiming a surface area of 40100 ha. A long sea dike of 30 km has been constructed in the mid-west area of Korea. This paper describes the construction of tidal dikes focusing on the final closure operation performed in April, 2006 employing intermediate technology. Predictive modelling was also carried out to predict the real-time flow fields during the gradual closure operation of the final stage.

关键词： mathematical modelling dams barrages & reservoirs hydraulics & hydrodynamics sea defence

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Who Lost Most Wages and Household Income during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poor rural China?

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China & World Economy 2021年第6期29卷 95-116页

作者： Wenjin Long Junxia Zeng Tongquan Sun College of Economics and Management China Agricultural UniversityChina institute of rural development Chinese Academy of Social SciencesChina

China managed to eliminate all extreme poverty in rural areas in *** households,however,may risk falling back into poverty due to the *** paper examines the impacts of the pandemic on wages and household incomes among different groups in poor areas of rural *** a unique dataset from five poverty-stricken counties,we found that the pandemic has had large negative effects on wage income for migrant workers and workers in manufacturing,the private sector,and small *** with households relying on wage income,households relying on small businesses have suffered much more from the pandemic,whereas households depending on farming or transfer payments have been less *** poor and ethnic minority households lost significant amounts of wage income due to the pandemic,they did not lose more household income than nonpoor and nonminority *** conclude that support from the government has kept vulnerable households from suffering more than other households from the effects of *** findings suggest that the government can play a strong role in alleviating the negative impacts of the COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 household income poverty rural China wage

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Poverty alleviation through e-commerce:Village involvement and demonstration policies in rural China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 998-1011页

作者： PENG Chao MA Biao ZHANG Chen Administration and Management institute Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 102208P.R.China School of Agricultural Economics and rural development Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872P.R.China institute of Population and Labor Economics Chinese Academy of Social SciencesBeijing 100006P.R.China

The diffusion of e-commerce has played a significant role in recent rural economic development in China.E-commerce is also considered as an efficient channel to alleviate poverty in rural *** studies have investigated the contribution of e-commerce to agricultural development,yet it is lacking empirical evidence as to the effects of e-commerce on rural poverty *** the year of 2014,in order to develop rural e-commerce,Chinese government launched the National rural E-commerce Comprehensive Demonstration *** gradual involvement policy offered a natural experiment for evaluation of *** on village-level survey data from rural China and Heckit method,our study finds that rural e-commerce has a significantly positive effect on rural ***,the effect is inverted U-shaped for the relative-poverty *** estimation of the propensity scores matching model confirms that the results are *** following policy recommendations are proposed:(1)policy support to rural e-commerce should prioritize the povertystricken *** doing so,the marginal income effects of e-commerce will be maximized.(2)Investment in internet infrastructure and establishment of human resources for e-commerce in rural areas will have spillover effects,increasing rural income through the"digital dividend".

关键词： poverty alleviation income National rural E-commerce Comprehensive Demonstration Project Heckit method

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A supply chain management in a single-vendor and a singlebuyer integrated inventory model with backorders under imperfect production system

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Journal of Control and Decision 2017年第4期4卷 195-233页

作者： M.Vijayashree R.Uthayakumar The Gandhigram rural institute-Deemed University GandhigramIndia

Lead time is an essential factor in any supply chain and inventory management *** stochastic inventory models,lead time is often viewed as a prescribed constant or a random variable that is not subject to *** many practical situations,lead times can be controlled by paying additional *** this viewpoint,notion of the crashing cost into stochastic inventory model,in which lead time can be controlled by additional *** researchers have developed various analytical inventory models we have considered the piecewise linear *** in this proposed model,we derive the mathematical model which is developed by incorporating three types of lead time crashing cost functions(i)exponential function,(ii)polynomial function and(iii)negative exponential *** integrated inventory model is recognized to find the optimal solutions of order quantity,lead time,total cost for buyer,total cost for vendor and the total number of deliveries from the single-vendor to the single-buyer in one production run.A solution process is suggested for solving the proposed model and numerical examples to illustrate the feature of the proposed model,and examined the effect of the key parameters on the optimal solution and managerial implications are *** examples show that this model offers significant improvements over existing models.A computer code using the software Matlab is developed to derive the optimal *** main contribution of this paper is developing a mathematical model and an effective solution procedure to find the optimal ***,a graphical representation of the computational algorithm is represented by a flowchart in each model.

关键词： Integrated inventory model supply chain management lead time crashing cost

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Structure and governance model of rural social space quality:A case study of Longxi County in the Loess Hilly Area of China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第7期32卷 1297-1320页

作者： WU Shanshan MA Libang TAO Tianmin DOU Haojian College of Geography and Environmental Science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable development of Oasis Gansu ProvinceLanzhou 730070China Northwest institute of Urban-rural development and Collaborative Governance Lanzhou 730070China

The rural social space quality is an important indicator to measure the living standard and thinking ideas and so forth of rural residents in a certain *** this paper,213 administrative villages in Longxi County of the Loess Hilly Area,China are taken as evaluation units to construct the evaluation model of the rural social space *** paper deeply analyzed the variation patterns and their formation mechanism of the rural social space quality at a village scale,and proposed a governance model based on the rural social space *** results show that:(1)the social space quality levels of individual administrative villages show a gradually decreasing trend from the township seats to *** eastern part of Longxi County has a relatively high education level and living standard,and the western part has a relatively high population stability level and income level.(2)The rural social space quality is mainly in a ring structure,supplemented by the interlaced *** core area is the towns and their surrounding areas,while the transition area,marginal area,and other areas are expanded around the core area.(3)Social forces and spatial effects jointly shape the variation of the rural social space *** organizations provide a driving force for the allocation of elements,and interweaving with the spatial effects lead to the differences in the social space quality.(4)The governance models of the rural social space quality are constructed based on the principles of retaining the rural“people”,optimizing the rural“land”,and developing the rural“industry”,so as to improve the rural centripetal force,core force,inner thrust,and source power.

关键词： rural social space quality spatial structure formation mechanism governance model Longxi County in the Loess Hilly Area of China

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Spatial Equity Evaluation of rural Eldercare Service Resources Based on Accessibility: A Case Study of Huanxian County of Gansu Province, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第5期34卷 869-885页

作者： CHANG Xiaoyan MA Libang CUI Xijuan TAO Tianmin ZHAO Shoucun College of Geography and Environmental Science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable development of Oasis Gansu ProvinceLanzhou 730070China Northwest institute of Urban-rural development and Collaborative Governance Lanzhou 730070China

Safeguarding the elderly population in the countryside is an inherent requirement for alleviating social conflicts in rural areas and effectively carrying out China’s rural *** existing spatial mismatch between rural elderly service facilities and pop-ulation distribution in China aggravates the imbalance of facility resource space,how to improve the accuracy of demand and supply results and better measuring the spatial fairness of elderly service is significant to realize the optimal allocation of rural elderly *** on the above,this study pays attention to the refined needs of the elderly population,and focuses on the spatial equity of the rural elderly facilities,to make up for the short boards of the basic public services in the countryside and realize the all-round rural *** study takes Huanxian County in the hilly loess area of Longdong,China as an example and explores the spatial equity of rural elderly services by using the Urban Spatial Network Analysis(UNA)to measure the accessible quantity and supply capacity of elderly *** results found that there were 553 rural eldercare service facilities in Huanxian County,including 285 eldercare facilities and 268 medical and health facilities,and the spatial distribution is characterized by a southward shift in the east and uneven regional ***,the supply capacity of rural pension services was generally good,with the township center as the gathering point and spreading out in a faceted manner,with nearby townships forming a contiguous area;however,there were strong contrasts and obvious differences in the strength of supply ***,the spatial equity of rural eldercare service was *** 42.05%of the eld-erly population grid cells,eldercare service spatial equity was extremely *** spatial distribution also presented a northern preference over the southern,a western preference over the eastern,and a concentration along the *** stud

关键词： rural eldercare service spatial equity hilly loess region of Longdong Huanxian County China

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Effects of applying lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation on a mixture of corn steep liquor and air-dried rice straw

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第3期2卷 229-233页

作者： Xinxin Li Wenbin Xu Jinshan Yang Hongbo Zhao Chunfang Pan Xue Ding Yonggen Zhang College of Animal Science and Technology Northeast Agricultural University institute of New rural development Northeast Agricultural University

This study was to determine the fermentation quality of a mixture of corn steep liquor(CSL)(178 g/kg wet basis) and air-dried rice straw(356 g/kg wet basis) after being treated with inoculants of different types of lactic acid bacteria(LAB). The treatments included the addition of no LAB additive(control),which was deionized water; homo-fermentative LAB alone(^(ho)LAB), which was Lactobacillus plantarum alone), and a mixture of homo-fermentative and hetero-fermentative LAB(^(he+ho)LAB), which were L. plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus buchneri. The results showed that the inoculation of the mixture of CSL and air-dried rice straw with ^(he+ho)LAB significantly increased the concentration of acetic acid and lactic acid compared with the control(P 372 h. The control group was the first to spoil, whereas the silage treated with ^(he+ho)LAB remained stable throughout the 372 h period of monitoring. The results demonstrated that the ^(he+ho)LAB could effectively improve the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of the silage.

关键词： Air-dried rice straw Aerobic stability Corn steep liquor Lactic acid bacteria Silage

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