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A systematic review of climate change impacts,adaptation strategies,and policy development in West Africa

Regional Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 13-25页

作者： Camillus Abawiera WONGNAA Alex Amoah SEYRAM Suresh BABU Department of Agricultural Economics Agribusiness and ExtensionKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi00233Ghana International Food Policy Research institute Washington20005USA

Climate change studies are diverse with no single study giving a comprehensive review of climate change impacts,adaptation strategies,and policy development in West *** unavailability of an all-inclusive study to serve as a guide for practitioners affects the effectiveness of climate change adaptation strategies proposed and adopted in the West African *** purpose of this study was to review the impacts of climate change risks on the crop,fishery,and livestock sectors,as well as the climate change adaptation strategies and climate-related policies aimed at helping to build resilient agricultural production systems in West *** review process followed a series of rigorous stages until the final selection of 56 articles published from 2009 to ***,the results highlighted the adverse effects of climate change risks on food *** found a continuous decline in food crop ***,the livestock sector experienced morbidity and mortality,as well as reduction in meat and milk *** fishery sector recorded loss of fingerlings,reduction in fish stocks,and destruction of mariculture and *** West Africa,climate-smart agriculture technologies,physical protection of fishing,and inclusion of gender perspectives in programs appear to be the major adaptation *** study therefore recommends the inclusion of ecosystem and biodiversity restoration,weather insurance,replacement of unsafe vessels,and strengthening gender equality in all climate change mitigation programs,as these will help to secure enough food for present and future generations.

关键词： Climate change Climate extreme events Food security Adaptation strategies Climate-smart agriculture West Africa

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The World Needs a“Pandamic”Solution for a Pandemic Problem

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China CDC weekly 2022年第52期4卷 1183-1184页

作者： Jie Huang Ole Döring Gordon G.Liu School of Public Health and Emergency Management Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen CityGuangdong ProvinceChina institute for Global Health and Development Peking UniversityBeijing MunicipalityChina institute for Technology futures Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany.

Two decades ago,the term“infodemic”was coined right after the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)emerged(1).The World Health Organization(WHO)defined infodemic as“too much information including false or misleading information in digital and physical environments during a disease outbreak.”While fully realizing the negative impact of misinformation and disinformation during an epidemic,we argue that most epidemic related information was generated not as a result of bad intention,but as a result of haste,confusion and the lack of reliable *** is especially true for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),the emergence of a novel virus and uncertainties surrounding variants and *** a lack of timely scientific evidence,it is reasonable and even recommended for global citizens to debate and voice skepticism on certain *** the past 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic,there was some degree of infodemic during the first year.

关键词： Acute Panda false

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Evolutionary genomics of climatic adaptation and resilience to climate change in alfalfa

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Molecular Plant 2024年第6期17卷 867-883页

作者： Fan Zhang Ruicai Long Zhiyao Ma Hua Xiao Xiaodong Xu Zhongjie Liu Chunxue Wei Yiwen Wang Yanling Peng Xuanwen Yang Xiaoya Shi Shuo Cao Mingna Li Ming Xu Fei He Xueqian Jiang Tiejun Zhang Zhen Wang Xianran Li Long-Xi Yu Junmei Kang Zhiwu Zhang Yongfeng Zhou Qingchuan Yang institute of Animal Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding Shenzhen BranchGuangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureKey Laboratory of Synthetic BiologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68583USA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99163USA U.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing ResearchProsserWA 99350USA National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding Tropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesHaikou 571101China

Given the escalating impact of climate change on agriculture and food security,gaining insights into the evolutionary dynamics of climatic adaptation and uncovering climate-adapted variation can empower the breeding of climate-resilient crops to face future climate ***(Medicago sativa ***),the queen of forages,shows remarkable adaptability across diverse global environments,making it an excellent model for investigating species responses to climate *** this study,we performed population genomic analyses using genome resequencing data from 702 accessions of 24 Medicago species to unravel alfalfa’s climatic adaptation and genetic susceptibility to future climate *** found that interspecific genetic exchange has contributed to the gene pool of alfalfa,particularly enriching defense and stress-response *** introgression between *** ***(***)and alfalfa not only aids alfalfa’s climatic adaptation but also introduces genetic burden.A total of 1671 genes were associated with climatic adaptation,and 5.7%of them were introgressions from *** integrating climate-associated variants and climate data,we identified populations that are vulnerable to future climate change,particularly in higher latitudes of the Northern *** findings serve as a clarion call for targeted conservation initiatives and breeding *** also identified preadaptive populations that demonstrate heightened resilience to climate fluctuations,illuminating a pathway for future breeding ***,this study enhances our understanding about the local adaptation mechanisms of alfalfa and facilitates the breeding of climate-resilient alfalfa cultivars,contributing to effective agricultural strategies for facing future climate change.

关键词： Medicago local adaptation population genetics adaptive introgression genetic vulnerability alfalfa breeding

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A New Record of Aspergillus vadensis (Ascomycota) Isolated from Soil in Yunnan Province,China

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第3期90卷 1031-1039页

作者： Sadia Nadir Sehroon Khan Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Saowaluck Tibpromma Shahid Iqbal Jianchu Xu Peter Mortimer CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming650201China Centre for Mountain futures Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming654400China Department of Chemistry University of Science and TechnologyBannu28100Pakistan

During a survey of soil fungi in Yunnan Province,several isolates of Aspergillus were *** on morphology and molecular analyses of internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrRNA gene(ITS),β-tubulin and calmodulin(CaM)genes sequences,two isolates were identified as Aspergillus vadensis(section Nigri).A phylogenetic tree,detailed descriptions,illustrations and scanned electron microscopy morphology are provided for the new *** is the first record of *** from China.

关键词： Morphology phylogeny section Nigri soil fungi

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Multiple Impact of Integrated Watershed Management in Low Rainfall Semi-Arid Region: A Case Study from Eastern Rajasthan, India

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第1期5卷 27-36页

作者： Prabhakar Pathak Anil Kumar Chourasia Suhas P. Wani Raghavendra Sudi resilient Dryland Systems International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad India

The agriculture in low rainfall areas of eastern Rajasthan, India is characterized by high risks from drought, degraded natural resources and pervasive poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition. In this region, water is the main limiting factor for upgrading rainfed agriculture. For such areas integrated watershed management is recognized as a potential approach for agriculture growth and rehabilitation of fragile and degraded lands. At Gokulpura-Goverdhanpura village in Bundi eastern Rajasthan, India an integrated watershed project was implemented using the holistic systems approach. This paper discusses the impacts of this watershed program on bio-physical, socio-economic, environmental and ecological parameters. Results indicate that due to watershed interventions the groundwater availability has substantially increased which brought changes in cropping patterns with high value crops. Significant increases in irrigated area, cropping intensity along with diversification of crops from traditional to commercial cash crops were recorded. The watershed program also significantly improved the socio-economic status of the watershed community. It has increased the income and reduced poverty of the people in the watershed. The watershed interventions generated good employment opportunities and significantly reduced the migration of both skilled and unskilled labor from the watershed village to urban areas. It has also improved the environmental quality and ecological status in the watershed. The watershed interventions increased the vegetative index or greenery, reduced runoff, soil loss, and land degradations and improved the bio-diversity in fragile ecosystems. Overall, the integrated watershed program at Gokulpura-Goverdhanpura provided resilience by ensuring continued and sustainable multiple outputs, besides soil and water conservation and other positive environmental effects.

关键词： Groundwater Management Bio-Physical Impact Socio-Economic Impact Environmental and Ecological Impact Semi-Arid Tropics

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Soil seed banks along elevational gradients in tropical, subtropical and subalpine forests in Yunnan Province, southwest China

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Plant Diversity 2017年第5期39卷 273-286页

作者： Xiaqin Luo Min Cao Min Zhang Xiaoyang Song Jieqiong Li Akihiro Nakamura Roger Kitching Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuanghanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences666303 YunnanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049BeijingChina Griffith School of Environment and Environmental futures Research institute Griffith UniversityNathan QLD 4111BrisbaneAustralia

Soil seed banks are a vital part of ecosystems and influence community dynamics and *** soil seed banks in different habitats have been reported, how soil seed banks vary with elevational gradients in different climatic zones is still unknown. This paper investigates seed density,species composition and nonconstituent species of forest soil seed banks in Yunnan Province, southwest China. Similarity between the soil seed bank and standing vegetation was also examined. We collected soil samples from sites spanning 12 elevations in tropical rain forests, subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests and subalpine coniferous forests, and transported them to a glasshouse for germination trials for species identification. The soil seed banks of tropical and subtropical forests had much higher seed densities and species richness than those of subalpine forests. Seeds of woody species dominated the soil seed banks of tropical and subtropical forests, while herbs dominated those of subalpine *** nonconstituent species in the soil seed banks were all herbs and were most abundant in tropical forests, followed by subtropical forests but were completely absent from subalpine forests.

关键词： Elevational gradient Soil seed bank Standing vegetation Subalpine forest Subtropical forest Tropical forest

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Back to wild relatives for future breeding through super-pangenome

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Molecular Plant 2023年第9期16卷 1363-1365页

作者： Ali Raza Abhishek Bohra Vanika Garg Rajeev K.Varshney College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre Centre for Crop and Food InnovationFood Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia

Crop wild relatives(CWRs)deliver untapped genetic diversity,as they contain valuable breeding traits absent in the cultivated pool,e.g.,traits imparting climate *** genetic material from CWRs to breeding programs can advance effective traits and broaden the genetic base of cultivated crops(Bohra et al.,2022).The availability of genetic diversity in crop breeding programs is important for accelerating crop production while safeguarding food safety and agricultural *** domestication and artificial selection have paved the way for crop cultivars tailored to evolving human requirements and modern cultivation ***,domestication and breeding have significantly reduced genetic diversity in modern crops(Khan et al.,2020;Bohra et al.,2022).Owing to the extensive genetic and phenotypic variability,CWRs serve as valuable genetic reservoirs for crop improvement(Bohra et al.,2022;Li et al.,2023).The use of CWRs in breeding programs is not that straightforward,as linkage drags often remain difficult to overcome.

关键词： breeding crops cultivated

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3D printed modular Bouligand dissipative structures with adjustable mechanical properties for gradient energy absorbing

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Materials futures 2024年第2期3卷 104-116页

作者： Junfeng Xiao Mengxing Zhang Fei Zhai Hongrui Wei Sen Liu Peng Wang Zhiyang Liu Zhongying Ji Xiaolong Wang Shenzhen institute of Information Technology Shenzhen 518172People’s Republic of China Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical EngineeringYantai 264006People’s Republic of China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionShihezi UniversityShihezi 832003People’s Republic of China School of Transportation Engineering Shandong Jianzhu UniversityJinan 250101People’s Republic of China College of Civil and Transportation Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518061People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesGansu Lanzhou 730000People’s Republic of China

Three-dimensional(3D)printing allows for the creation of complex,layered structures with precise micro and macro architectures that are not achievable through traditional *** designing 3D structures with geometric precision,it is possible to achieve selective regulation of mechanical properties,enabling efficient dissipation of mechanical *** this study,a series of modular samples inspired by the Bouligand structure were designed and produced using a direct ink writing system,along with a classical printable polydimethylsiloxane *** altering the angles of filaments in adjacent layers(from 30◦to 90◦)and the filament spacing during printing(from 0.8 mm to 2.4 mm),the mechanical properties of these modular samples can be *** mechanical testing revealed that the 3D printed modular Bouligand structures exhibit stress-strain responses that enable multiple adjustments of the elastic modulus from 0.06 MPa to over 0.8 *** mechanical properties were adjusted more than 10 times in printed samples prepared using uniform *** gradient control mechanism of mechanical properties during this process was analyzed using finite element ***,3D printed customized modular Bouligand structures can be assembled to create an array with Bouligand structures displaying various orientations and interlayer details tailored to specific *** decomposing the original Bouligand structure and then assembling the modular samples into a specialized array,this research aims to provide parameters for achieving gradient energy absorption structures through modular 3D printing.

关键词： 3D printing additive manufacturing Bouligand structure energy absorbing structures

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Advances in the functional study of glutamine synthetase in plant abiotic stress tolerance response

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The Crop Journal 2022年第4期10卷 917-923页

作者： Huayan Yin Fan Yang Xiaoyan He Xuye Du Ping Mu Wujun Ma College of Agronomy Qingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109ShandongChina Food futures institute and College of Science HealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityPerthWA 6150A ustralia School of Life Sciences Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001GuizhouChina

Plant glutamine synthetase(GS,EC6.***.1.2)catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonium ions and acts as a key enzyme in the nitrogen metabolic pathway in *** is an essential element for plant growth and development and plays an important role in crop yield and quality ***,GS is crucial in many physiological processes in ***,nitrogen regulation by GS in plants is well-studied in terms of its effect on plant growth and *** article reviews the regulatory role of plant GS and its molecular mechanism in mitigating stress injury,such as low or high temperature,salinity,drought and *** function of plant GS in stress tolerance response is *** review aims to provide a reference for the utilization of plant GS in crop stress tolerance breeding.

关键词： Glutamine synthetase Plant Abiotic stress Nitrogen metabolism

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Planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area(city of over 5 million people):Contributions of China’s geologists and urban geology

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China Geology 2024年第3期7卷 382-408页

作者： Bo Han Zhen Ma Liang-jun Lin Hong-wei Liu Yi-hang Gao Yu-bo Xia Hai-tao Li Xu Guo Feng Ma Yu-shan Wang Ya-long Zhou Hong-qiang Li Tianjin Center China Geological Survey(North China Center of Geoscience Innovation)Ministry of Natural ResourcesTianjin 300170China Xiong’an Urban Geological Research Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesTianjin 300170China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Coast Geological Processes and Environmental Safety Tianjin 300170China China institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring Beijing 100081China institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang 050061China Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBaoding 071051China institute of Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesLangfang 065000China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 10037China

China established Xiong’an New Area in Hebei Province in 2017,which is planned to accommodate about 5 million people,aiming to relieve Beijing City of the functions non-essential to its role as China’s capital and to expedite the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei *** 2017 to 2021,the China Geological Survey(CGS)took the lead in multi-factor urban geological surveys involving space,resources,environments,and disasters according to the general requirements of“global vision,international standards,distinctive Chinese features,and future-oriented goals”in Xiong’an New Area,identifying the engineering geologic conditions and geologic environmental challenges of this *** achievements also include a 3D engineering geological structure model for the whole area,along with“one city proper and five clusters”,insights into the ecology and the background endowment of natural resources like land,geothermal resources,groundwater,and wetland of the area before engineering construction,a comprehensive monitoring network of resources and environments in the area,and the“Transparent Xiong’an”geological information platform that is open,shared,dynamically updated,and three-dimensionally ***’s geologists and urban geology have played a significant role in the urban planning and construction of Xiong’an New Area,providing whole-process geological solutions for urban planning,construction,operation and *** future urban construction of Xiong’an New Area will necessitate the theoretical and technical support of earth system science(ESS)from various aspects,and the purpose is to enhance the resilience of the new type of city and to provide support for the green,low-carbon,and sustainable development of this area.

关键词： Low Carbon New City Planning and construction Land Geothermal resources Groundwater Wetland Underground space Geologic disasters Site stability Natural resource Ecosystem Geological safety Transparent Xiong’an resilient city Xiong’an New Area

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