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Bile acids,gut microbiota,and therapeutic insights in hepatocellular carcinoma

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第2期21卷 144-162页

作者： Yang Song Harry CH Lau Xiang Zhang Jun Yu institute of digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Gastroenterology Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361004China

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a prevalent and aggressive liver *** interplay between bile acids(BAs)and the gut microbiota has emerged as a critical factor in HCC development and *** normal conditions,BA metabolism is tightly regulated through a bidirectional interplay between gut microorganisms and *** gut microbiota plays a critical role in BA metabolism,and BAs are endogenous signaling molecules that help maintain liver and intestinal *** note,dysbiotic changes in the gut microbiota during pathogenesis and cancer development can disrupt BA homeostasis,thereby leading to liver inflammation and fibrosis,and ultimately contributing to HCC ***,understanding the intricate interplay between BAs and the gut microbiota is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms underlying *** this review,we comprehensively explore the roles and functions of BA metabolism,with a focus on the interactions between BAs and gut microorganisms in ***,therapeutic strategies targeting BA metabolism and the gut microbiota are discussed,including the use of BA agonists/antagonists,probiotic/prebiotic and dietary interventions,fecal microbiota transplantation,and engineered *** summary,understanding the complex BA-microbiota crosstalk can provide valuable insights into HCC development and facilitate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for liver malignancy.

关键词： Bile acid gut microbiota hepatocellular carcinoma therapeutics microbiota modulation

Parasites of the liver:A global problem?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第30期30卷 3554-3559页

作者： Vladislav V Tsukanov Alexander V Vasyutin Julia L Tonkikh Clinical Department of the digestive system Pathology of Adults and Children Federal Research Center“Krasnoyarsk Science Center”of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesScientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the NorthKrasnoyarsk 660022Russia

Parasitic liver diseases can be caused by trematodes,cestodes,nematodes,and *** pathology is significant because millions of people in different parts of the world have liver parasites,which can manifest themselves in the development of inflammation,liver cysts,cholecystitis,cholelithiasis,pancreatitis and liver cirrhosis that are often threatening their *** International Agency for research on Cancer considers three species of trematodes,Schistosoma haematobium,Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis,to be *** modern examination methods,in some cases including extensive screening of large populations,are required for diagnosing liver *** of parasitic liver diseases is differentiated and can involve a combination of surgical and therapeutic *** is no doubt that the clinical and epidemiological scale allows one to regard parasitic liver diseases as a global healthcare problem.

关键词： Liver Parasites Epidemiology Diagnosis Clinics Treatment Echinococcosis Opisthorchiasis Fascioliasis Schistosomiasis

Two material removal modes in chemical mechanical polishing:mechanical plowing *** bonding

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Friction 2024年第5期12卷 897-905页

作者： Yuan WU Liang JIANG Wenhui LI Jiaxin ZHENG Yushan CHEN Linmao QIAN Tribology research institute State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle SystemSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China

With the rapid development of semiconductors,the number of materials needed to be polished sharply *** material properties vary significantly,posing challenges to chemical mechanical polishing(CMP).Accordingly,the study aimed to classify the material removal *** on the CMP and atomic force microscopy results,the six representative metals can be preliminarily classified into two groups,presumably due to different material removal *** the tribology perspective,the first group of Cu,Co,and Ni may mainly rely on the mechanical plowing *** adding H_(2)O_(2),corrosion can be first enhanced and then suppressed,affecting the surface mechanical ***,the material removal rate(MRR)and the surface roughness increase and *** comparison,the second group of Ta,Ru,and Ti may primarily depend on the chemical bonding *** H_(2)O_(2)can promote oxidation,increasing interfacial chemical ***,the MRR increases,and the surface roughness decreases and levels *** addition,CMP can be regulated by tuning the synergistic effect of oxidation,complexation,and dissolution for mechanical plowing,while tuning the synergistic effect of oxidation and ionic strength for chemical *** findings provide mechanistic insight into the material removal mechanism in CMP.

关键词： Chemical mechanical polishing corrosion wear material removal mode mechanical plowing chemical bonding

Probiotics intervention in colorectal cancer:From traditional approaches to novel strategies

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第1期137卷 8-20页

作者： Suki Ha Xiang Zhang Jun Yu institute of digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

The intestine harbors a large population of microorganisms that interact with epithelial cells to maintain host healthy physiological *** intestinal microbiota engage in the fermentation of non-digestible nutrients and produce beneficial metabolites to regulate host homeostasis,metabolism,and immune *** disruption of microbiota,known as dysbiosis,has been implicated in many intestinal diseases,including colorectal cancer(CRC).As the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide,CRC poses a significant health *** is an urgent need for novel interventions to reduce CRC incidence and improve clinical *** the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a promising approach for CRC prevention and *** research efforts in CRC probiotics primarily focus on reducing the incidence of CRC,alleviating treatment-related side effects,and potentiating the efficacy of anticancer therapy,which is the key to successful translation to clinical *** paper aims to review the traditional probiotics and new interventions,such as next-generation probiotics and postbiotics,in the context of *** underlying mechanisms of probiotic anti-cancer effects are also discussed,including the restoration of microbial composition,reinforcement of gut barrier integrity,induction of cancer cell apoptosis,inactivation of carcinogens,and modulation of host immune *** paper further evaluates the novel strategy of probiotics as an adjuvant therapy in boosting the efficacy of chemotherapy and *** all the promising findings presented in studies,the evaluation of potential risks,optimization of delivery methods,and consideration of intra-patient variability of gut microbial baseline must be thoroughly interpreted before bench-to-bedside translation.

关键词： colorectal cancer probiotics gut microbiota dysbiosis adjuvant therapy immune modulation gut barrrier

Security-constrained Transmission Maintenance Optimization Considering Generation and Operational Risk Costs

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Journal of Modern Power systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 767-781页

作者： Dan Xu Zhi Cai Qian Cheng Guodong Huang Jingyang Zhou Junjie Tang Beijing Key Laboratory of research and system Evaluation of Power Dispatching Automation Technology China Electric Power Research InstituteBeijing 100192China State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment&system Security and New Technology Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

With the large-scale integration of renewable energy,the traditional maintenance arrangement during the load valley period cannot satisfy the transmission demand of renewable energy ***,in a market-oriented operation mode,the power dispatching control center aims to reduce the overall power purchase cost while ensuring the security of the power ***,a security-constrained transmission maintenance optimization model considering generation and operational risk costs is proposed *** model is built on double-layer optimization framework,where the upper-layer model is used for maintenance and generation planning,and the lowerlayer model is primarily used to address the operational security risk arising from the random prediction error and N-1 transmission ***,a generation-maintenance iterative algorithm based on a defined cost feedback is included to increase solution *** cost is determined using long-term security-constrained unit commitment,and the operational risk cost is obtained using a double-layer N-1 risk assessment *** electrical correlation coupling coefficient is proposed for the solution process to avoid maintenance of associated equipment simultaneously,thereby improving model convergence *** IEEE 118-bus system is used as a test case for illustration,and test results suggest that the proposed model and algorithm can reduce the total cost of transmission maintenance and system operation while effectively improving the solution efficiency of the joint optimization model.

关键词： Transmission maintenance security-constrained unit commitment iterative algorithm cost feedback N−1 risk assessment

Architecture of Graphics system with 3D Acceleration Support for Embedded Operating systems

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第3期29卷 863-873页

作者： Alexander Giatsintov Kirill Mamrosenko Pavel Bazhenov Center of Visualization and Sattelite Information Technologies Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences(SRISA RAS)Moscow 117218Russia

An increasing number of tasks now require the use of hardware accelerators to reduce the time required for computation and display the computational *** paper presents a new graphics system architecture for operating systems(OSs)with microkernel architecture,including real-time *** proposed system architecture provides capabilities for displaying graphical images on various information display devices and for accelerating graphical operations on *** architecture of the graphics system uses a concept of allocators to manage system and video memory,provides an abstraction of memory operations with a single interface for video memory management,and simplifies memory handling where incorrect operation is the cause of many failures.A comparison between the performance of a real-time OS and Linux OS implementing the graphics system using the example of a glmark2 benchmark is presented,thereby the superiority of the proposed architecture in several scenarios is demonstrated.

关键词： real-time operating system(RTOS) graphics system rendering system architecture operatingsystem visualization system programming

Anticipating the lifespan: Predicting the durability of an anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell short stack over 50,000 h

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第3期34卷 606-613页

作者： Muhammad Zubair Khan Amjad Hussain Seung-Bok Lee Tak-Hyoung Lim Rak-Hyun Song Department of Materials Science & Engineering Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Hydrogen Energy research Division Korea Institute of Energy Research Department of Advanced Energy and system Engineering Korea University of Science and Technology (UST)

In the present study, the operational lifetime of a solid oxide fuel(SOFC) short stack is predicted by investigating the performance degradation of both the short stack and its cells throughout 1000 h at 800°C. The short stack and integral cell voltages are continuously measured during the long-term test, with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) conducted every 200 h. The short stack voltage decreased rapidly for the initial 200–300 h and afterwards, it decreased at a slow rate due to the increase in the Ohmic and polarization resistances in the same manner. Scanning electron microscopy results show that there is no delamination or cracking among constituent layers of the short-stack cells. The single degradation effects of the Ni coarsening in the anode, cation migration and surface segregation in cathode and oxide scale growth in metallic interconnect mesh are successfully integrated into a comprehensive lifetime prediction model. The experimentally measured voltage degradation data of the short stack fits well with the developed mathematical model and allows the successful prediction of the lifetime up to 50,000 h.

关键词： Degradation Impedance Lifetime SOFC Stack

Adaptive observer-based integral event-triggered antivibration control of a full aircraft active landing gear system with irregular runway excitations

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 248-261页

作者： Wenxiao HU Chenglong DU Fanbiao LI Xinmin CHEN Chunhua YANG Weihua GUI School of Automation Central South University research Center in system Engineering for Special Aircrafts Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences

This study addresses the antivibration issue of a full aircraft active landing gear system(LGS)under landing impact and runway excitations via a novel adaptive observer-based integral event-triggered control method. First, a full aircraft active LGS comprising a front gear and two synchronized main left and right gears with active suspensions is established, where the information exchange among them is not implemented directly. Second, two adaptive observers are designed separately for the front and main LGSs to identify the varying damping parameters and estimate the system states simultaneously. Third, estimated states are transmitted to a shared network through a novel integral event-triggered mechanism(I-ETM);thus, the front and main LGSs are interconnected, and a networked control scheme for the aircraft LGS is constructed. Additionally, the integrated active control law is designed with the aid of the transmitted states of the front and main LGSs, enhancing the robustness against the pitch vibration of the ***, the L2-stability of the hybrid system is guaranteed to depress the vertical vibration effect of the landing impact and irregular runway excitations, thus improving passenger safety and comfort. Moreover,a codesign method is provided to obtain feasible solutions to the gain matrices of the observers and controllers simultaneously. Simulation and comparison results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme in antivibration and saving communication resources.

关键词： aircraft active landing gear antivibration control integral event-triggered mechanism adaptive observer ${\mathcal{L}}_2$-stability

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Does the continuous wetting of the Tibetan Plateau contribute to the accelerated degradation of permafrost?

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1714-1718页

作者： Yuyang WANG Jinzhi DING Shilong PIAO Sino-French institute for Earth system Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth system Environment and ResourcesInstitute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Global warming is causing the Tibetan permafrost to degrade, as evidenced by rising ground temperatures, thicker active layer thickness, thinner permafrost layer, and melting underground ice, etc.(Ran et al., 2018;Wang et al., 2020).The degradation of permafrost not only profoundly alters the carbon cycling processes in high-altitude ecosystems,thereby influencing the regional climate system, but also affects landscape hydrological connectivity。

关键词： Tibetan landscape altitude

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