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Advancing brain-inspired computing with hybrid neural networks

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National Science Review 2024年第5期11卷 56-71页

作者： Faqiang Liu Hao Zheng Songchen Ma Weihao Zhang Xue Liu Yansong Chua Luping Shi Rong Zhao Center for Brain-Inspired computing research Optical Memory National Engineering Research CenterTsinghua University-China Electronics Technology HIK Group Co.Joint Research Center for Brain-inspired ComputingIDGMc Govern Institute for Brain Research Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua University Neuromorphic computing Laboratory China Nanhu Academy of Electronics and Information Technology

Brain-inspired computing, drawing inspiration from the fundamental structure and information-processing mechanisms of the human brain, has gained significant momentum in recent years. It has emerged as a research paradigm centered on brain–computer dual-driven and multi-network integration. One noteworthy instance of this paradigm is the hybrid neural network(HNN), which integrates computer-science-oriented artificial neural networks(ANNs) with neuroscience-oriented spiking neural networks(SNNs). HNNs exhibit distinct advantages in various intelligent tasks, including perception, cognition and learning. This paper presents a comprehensive review of HNNs with an emphasis on their origin, concepts, biological perspective, construction framework and supporting systems. Furthermore, insights and suggestions for potential research directions are provided aiming to propel the advancement of the HNN paradigm.

关键词： brain-inspired computing hybrid neural network dual-brain driven multi-network integration neuromorphic system

Resource management at the network edge for federated learning

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 765-782页

作者： Silvana Trindade Luiz F.Bittencourt Nelson L.S.da Fonseca institute of computing State University of CampinasCampinasBrazil

Federated learning has been explored as a promising solution for training machine learning models at the network edge,without sharing private user *** limited resources at the edge,new solutions must be developed to leverage the software and hardware resources as the existing solutions did not focus on resource management for network edge,specially for federated *** this paper,we describe the recent work on resource manage-ment at the edge and explore the challenges and future directions to allow the execution of federated learning at the *** such as the discovery of resources,deployment,load balancing,migration,and energy effi-ciency are discussed in the paper.

关键词： Resource management Edge computing Federated learning Machine learning

Simulation study on the security of consensus algorithms in DAG-based distributed ledger

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第3期18卷 171-182页

作者： Shuzhe LI Hongwei XU Qiong LI Qi HAN Faculty of computing Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Due to the advantages of high volume of transactions and low resource consumption,Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG)-based Distributed Ledger Technology(DLT)has been considered a possible next-generation alternative to ***,the security of the DAG-based system has yet to be comprehensively *** at verifying and evaluating the security of DAG-based DLT,we develop a Multi-Agent based IOTA Simulation platform called *** MAIOTASim,we model honest and malicious nodes and simulate the configurable network environment,including network topology and *** double-spending attack is a particular security issue related to *** perform the security verification of the consensus algorithms under multiple double-spending attack *** simulations show that the consensus algorithms can resist the parasite chain attack and partially resist the splitting attack,but they are ineffective under the large weight *** take the cumulative weight difference of transactions as the evaluation criterion and analyze the effect of different consensus algorithms with parameters under each attack ***,MAIOTASim enables users to perform largescale simulations with multiple nodes and tens of thousands of transactions more efficiently than state-of-the-art ones.

关键词： distributed ledger IOTA Multi-Agent system simulation

Corporate Credit Ratings Based on Hierarchical Heterogeneous Graph Neural Networks

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Machine Intelligence research 2024年第2期21卷 257-271页

作者： Bo-Jing Feng Xi Cheng Hao-Nan Xu Wen-Fang Xue Center for research on Intelligent Perception and computing National Laboratory of Pattern RecognitionInstitute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

order to help investors understand the credit status of target corporations and reduce investment risks,the corporate credit rating model has become an important evaluation tool in the financial *** models are based on statistical learning,machine learning and deep learning especially graph neural networks(GNNs).However,we found that only few models take the hierarchy,heterogeneity or unlabeled data into account in the actual corporate credit rating ***,we propose a novel framework named hierarchical heterogeneous graph neural networks(HHGNN),which can fully model the hierarchy of corporate features and the heterogeneity of relationships between *** addition,we design an adversarial learning block to make full use of the rich unlabeled samples in the financial *** experiments conducted on the public-listed corporate rating dataset prove that HHGNN achieves SOTA compared to the baseline methods.

关键词： Corporate credit rating hierarchical relation heterogeneous graph neural networks adversarial learning

Optimal confrontation position selecting games model and its application to one-on-one air combat

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第1期31卷 417-428页

作者： Zekun Duan Genjiu Xu Xin Liu Jiayuan Ma Liying Wang School of Mathematics and Statistics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China International Joint research Center on Operations research Optimization and Artificial IntelligenceXi'an 710129China AVIC Xi’an Aeronautics computing Technique research institute Xi'an 710065China Unmanned System research institute Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

In the air combat process,confrontation position is the critical factor to determine the confrontation situation,attack effect and escape probability of ***,selecting the optimal confrontation position becomes the primary goal of maneuver *** taking the position as the UAV’s maneuver strategy,this paper constructs the optimal confrontation position selecting games(OCPSGs)*** the OCPSGs model,the payoff function of each UAV is defined by the difference between the comprehensive advantages of both sides,and the strategy space of each UAV at every step is defined by its accessible space determined by the *** we design the limit approximation of mixed strategy Nash equilibrium(LAMSNQ)algorithm,which provides a method to determine the optimal probability distribution of positions in the strategy *** the simulation phase,we assume the motions on three directions are independent and the strategy space is a cuboid to simplify the *** simulations are performed to verify the feasibility,effectiveness and stability of the algorithm.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) Air combat Continuous strategy space Mixed strategy Nash equilibrium

Nanophononic metamaterials induced proximity effect in heat flux regulation

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 149-156页

作者： Jian Zhang Haochun Zhang Gang Zhang School of Energy Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China institute of High Performance computing Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore 138632Singapore

Recent studies have shown that the construction of nanophononic metamaterials can reduce thermal conductivity without affecting electrical properties,making them promising in many fields of application,such as energy conversion and thermal ***,although extensive studies have been carried out on thermal conductivity reduction in nanophononic metamaterials,the local heat flux characteristic is still *** this work,we construct a heat flux regulator which includes a silicon nanofilm with silicon *** regulator has remarkable heat flux regulation ability,and various impacts on the regulation ability are ***,even in the region without nanopillars,the local heat current is still lower than that in pristine silicon nanofilms,reduced by the neighboring nanopillars through the thermal proximity *** combine the analysis of the phonon participation ratio with the intensity of localized phonon modes to provide a clear *** findings not only provide insights into the mechanisms of heat flux regulation by nanophononic metamaterials,but also will open up new research directions to control local heat flux for a broad range of applications,including heat management,thermoelectric energy conversion,thermal cloak,and thermal concentrator.

关键词： nanophononic metamaterials proximity effect

Discriminative explicit instance selection for implicit discourse relation classification

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第4期18卷 129-138页

作者： Wei SONG Hongfei HAN Xu HAN Miaomiao CHENG Jiefu GONG Shijin WANG Ting LIU Information Engineering College Capital Normal UniversityBeijing 100048China iFLYTEK AI research institute Hefei 230088China research Center for Social computing and Information Retrieval Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150006China

Discourse relation classification is a fundamental task for discourse analysis,which is essential for understanding the structure and connection of *** discourse relation classification aims to determine the relationship between adjacent sentences and is very challenging because it lacks explicit discourse connectives as linguistic cues and sufficient annotated training *** this paper,we propose a discriminative instance selection method to construct synthetic implicit discourse relation data from easy-to-collect explicit discourse *** expanded instance consists of an argument pair and its sense *** introduce the argument pair type classification task,which aims to distinguish between implicit and explicit argument pairs and select the explicit argument pairs that are most similar to natural implicit argument pairs for data *** also propose a simple label-smoothing technique to assign robust sense labels for the selected argument *** evaluate our method on PDTB 2.0 and PDTB *** results show that our method can consistently improve the performance of the baseline model,and achieve competitive results with the state-of-the-art models.

关键词： discourse analysis PDTB discourse relation implicit discourse relation classification data expansion

Boosting Multi-modal Ocular Recognition via Spatial Feature Reconstruction and Unsupervised Image Quality Estimation

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Machine Intelligence research 2024年第1期21卷 197-214页

作者： Zihui Yan Yunlong Wang Kunbo Zhang Zhenan Sun Lingxiao He Center for research on Intelligent Perception and computing National Laboratory of Pattern RecognitionInstitute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China JD AI research Beijing 100176China

In the daily application of an iris-recognition-at-a-distance(IAAD)system,many ocular images of low quality are *** the iris part of these images is often not qualified for the recognition requirements,the more accessible periocular regions are a good complement for *** further boost the performance of IAAD systems,a novel end-to-end framework for multi-modal ocular recognition is *** proposed framework mainly consists of iris/periocular feature extraction and matching,unsupervised iris quality assessment,and a score-level adaptive weighted fusion ***,ocular feature reconstruction(OFR)is proposed to sparsely reconstruct each probe image by high-quality gallery images based on proper feature ***,a brand new unsupervised iris quality assessment method based on random multiscale embedding robustness is *** from the existing iris quality assess-ment methods,the quality of an iris image is measured by its robustness in the embedding *** last,the fusion strategy exploits the iris quality score as the fusion weight to coalesce the complementary information from the iris and periocular *** experi-mental results on ocular datasets prove that the proposed method is obviously better than unimodal biometrics,and the fusion strategy can significantly improve therecognition performance.

关键词： Iris recognition periocular recognition spatial feature reconstruction fully convolutional network flexible matching unsupervised iris quality assessment adaptive weight fusion

Multipass Streaming Algorithms for Regularized Submodular Maximization

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2024年第1期29卷 76-85页

作者： Qinqin Gong Suixiang Gao Fengmin Wang Ruiqi Yang Beijing institute for Scientific and Engineering computing Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124.China School of Mathematical Sciences University of Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100049China Beijing Jinghang research institute of computing and Communication Beijing 100074China

In this work,we study a k-Cardinality Constrained Regularized Submodular Maximization(k-CCRSM)problem,in which the objective utility is expressed as the difference between a non-negative submodular and a modular *** multiplicative approximation algorithm exists for the regularized model,and most works have focused on designing weak approximation algorithms for this *** this study,we consider the k-CCRSM problem in a streaming fashion,wherein the elements are assumed to be visited individually and cannot be entirely stored in *** propose two multipass streaming algorithms with theoretical guarantees for the above problem,wherein submodular terms are monotonic and nonmonotonic.

关键词： submodular optimization regularized model streaming algorithms threshold