检索结果-南通市图书馆

On the origin of printing in the light of new archaeological discoveries

Chinese science Bulletin 1997年第12期42卷 976-981页

作者： PAN Jixinginstitute for History of natoral science, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100010, China institute for histoty of natoral science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

30 years have passed since a printed dharani sutra scroll was discovered in 1966 in Kyongju, Korea. However, there have been different views about the date and place of its printing and publication in Korea and abroad. Some Korean scholars think that it was translated into Chinese from Sanskrit in 704 in China and printed during 706-751 in the Silla period in Korea. After a further research it is now proved that this sutra was translated into Chinese in 701 and printed in the follow-ing year, 702, in Luoyang, during the reign of Empress Wu. This shows that the sutra could not have been printed in the Silla period. The discoveries of the Saddharma pundarik sutra printed during 690-699 and the Sanskrit dharani charm printed around 650-670 in China also show that the dharani sutra found in Korea is not the earliest one. Both literary records and archaeological findings prove that printing originated in China.

关键词： origin printing China dharani sutra

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Simulation and Exploration of the Mechanisms Underlying the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Surface Mixed Layer Depth in a Large Shallow Lake

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Advances in Atmospheric sciences 2012年第6期29卷 1360-1373页

作者：赵巧华孙绩华朱广伟 College of Remote Sensing Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyKey Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Yunnan institute of Metrological science State Key Laboratory of Lake science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of Sciences

The aquatic eco-environment is significantly affected by temporal and spatial variation of the mixed layer depth （MLD） in large shallow lakes. In the present study, we simulated the three-dimensional water temperature of Taihu Lake with an unstructured grid with a finite-volume coastal ocean model （FVCOM） using wind speed, wind direction, short-wave radiation and other meteorological data measured during 13-18 August 2008. The simulated results were consistent with the measurements. The temporal and spatial distribution of the MLD and the possible relevant mechanisms were analyzed on the basis of the water temperature profile data of Taihu Lake. The results indicated that diurnal stratification might be established through the combined effect of the hydrodynamic conditions induced by wind and the heat exchange between air and water. Compared with the net heat flux, the changes of the MLD were delayed approximately two hours. Furthermore, there were significant spatial differences of the MLD in Taihu Lake due to the combined impact of thermal and hydrodynamic forces. Briefly, diurnal stratification formed relatively easily in Gonghu Bay, Zhushan Bay, Xukou Bay and East Taihu Bay, and the surface mixed layer was thin. The center of the lake region had the deepest surface mixed layer due to the strong mixing process. In addition, Meiliang Bay showed a medium depth of the surface mixed layer. Our analysis indicated that the spatial difference in the hydrodynamic action was probably the major cause for the spatial variation of the MLD in Taihu Lake.

关键词： mixed layer depth temporal and spatial distribution Taihu Lake thermal stratification

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