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China CDC weekly 2024年第11期6卷 203-207,I0001-I0003页

作者： Chi Shen Xi Chen School of Public policy and Administration Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an CityShaanxi ProvinceChina Department of health policy and Management Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCTU.S Department of Economics Yale UniversityNew HavenCTU.S

What is already known about this topic?There is mounting evidence indicating that the aging process initiates during early life stages,with in utero the individual’s environment playing a significant role.Consequently,it is crucial to comprehend the enduring effects of early life circumstances on health in old age.What is added by this report?In this study,we conducted a meta-analysis to examine the effects of the Chinese Famine(1959–1961)on the health of older adults.We also explored potential mechanisms underlying these effects.What are the implications for public health practice?The complex interplay between early life circumstances,multiple health-related sectors,and healthy aging necessitates a comprehensive life-course approach and strategic interventions to enhance public health in an aging society.

关键词： life aging mount

Bolstering integrity in environmental data science and machine learning requires understanding socioecological inequity

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 171-179页

作者： Joe F.Bozeman III School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA School of Public policy Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA30332USA

Socioecological inequity in environmental data science—such as inequities deriving from data-driven approaches and machine learning(ML)—are current issues subject to debate and evolution.There is growing consensus around embedding equity throughout all research and design domains—from inception to administration,while also addressing procedural,distributive,and recognitional factors.Yet,practically doing so may seem onerous or daunting to some.The current perspective helps to alleviate these types of concerns by providing substantiation for the connection between environmental data science and socioecological inequity,using the Systemic Equity Framework,and provides the foundation for a paradigmatic shift toward normalizing the use of equity-centered approaches in environmental data science and ML settings.Bolstering the integrity of environmental data science and ML is just beginning from an equity-centered tool development and rigorous application standpoint.To this end,this perspective also provides relevant future directions and challenges by overviewing some meaningful tools and strategies—such as applying the Wells-Du Bois Protocol,employing fairness metrics,and systematically addressing irreproducibility;emerging needs and proposals—such as addressing data-proxy bias and supporting convergence research;and establishes a ten-step path forward.Afterall,the work that environmental scientists and engineers do ultimately affect the well-being of us all.

关键词： Equity Bias Machine Learning Data Science Justice Systemic Equity

Does community-based health insurance affect lifestyle and timing of treatment seeking behavior?Evidence from Ethiopia Author links open overlay panel

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Global health Journal 2024年第2期8卷 83-90页

作者： Zecharias Fetene Anteneh Anagaw D.Mebratie Zemzem Shigute Getnet Alemu Arjun S.Bedi Center for health Economics University of YorkYorkUnited Kingdom School of Public health College of Health SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia International institute of Social Studies Erasmus University Rotterdamthe Haguethe Netherlands institute of Development and policy Research Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Objectives This paper aims to investigate the effects of enrollment in the Ethiopian community-based health insurance(CBHI)scheme on household preventive care activities and the timing of treatment-seeking behavior for illness symptoms.There is growing concern about the financial sustainability of CBHI schemes in developing countries.However,few empirical studies have identified potential contributors,including ex-ante and ex-post moral hazards.Methods We implement a household fixed-effect panel data regression model,drawing on three rounds of household survey data collected face to face in districts where CBHI scheme is operational and in districts where it is not operational in Ethiopia.Results The findings show that enrolment in CBHI does not significantly influence household behaviour regarding preventive care activities such as water treatment before drinking and handwashing before meals.However,CBHI significantly increases delay in treatment-seeking behaviour for diseases symptoms.Particularly,on average,we estimate about 4-6 h delay for malaria symptoms,a little above 4 h for tetanus,and 10-11 h for tuberculosis among the insured households.Conclusions While there is evidence that CBHI improve the utilization of outpatient or primary care services,our study suggests that insured members may wait longer before visiting health facilities.This delay could be partly due to moral hazard problems,as insured households,particularly those from rural areas,may consider the opportunity costs associated with visiting health facilities for minor symptoms.Overall,it is essential to identify the primary causes of delays in seeking medical services and implement appropriate interventions to encourage insured individuals to seek early medical attention.

关键词： Community-based health insurance Financial sustainability Preventive care Treatment-seeking behavior Household fixed effect Ethiopia

Applying Machine Learning Approach to Explore Childhood Circumstances and Self-Rated health in Old Age-China and the US,2020-2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第11期6卷 213-218,I0008-I0013页

作者： Shutong Huo Derek Feng Thomas M.Gill Xi Chen Department of health Society&BehaviorPublic HealthUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Department of Statistics and Data Science Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUS Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUS Department of health policy and Management Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCTUS Department of Economics Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUS.

Introduction:Childhood circumstances impact senior health,prompting the introduction of machine learning methods to assess their individual and collective contributions to senior health.Methods:Using health and retirement study(HRS)and China health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),we analyzed 2,434 American and 5,612 Chinese participants aged 60 and above.Conditional inference trees and forests were employed to estimate the influence of childhood circumstances on self-rated health(SRH).Results:The conventional method estimated higher inequality of opportunity(IOP)values in both China(0.039,accounting for 22.67%of the total Gini coefficient 0.172)and the US(0.067,accounting for 35.08%of the total Gini coefficient 0.191).In contrast,the conditional inference tree yielded lower estimates(China:0.022,accounting for 12.79%of 0.172;US:0.044,accounting for 23.04%of 0.191),as did the forest(China:0.035,accounting for 20.35%of 0.172;US:0.054,accounting for 28.27%of 0.191).Childhood health,financial status,and regional differences were key determinants of senior health.The conditional inference forest consistently outperformed others in predictive accuracy,as demonstrated by lower out-of-sample mean squared error(MSE).Discussion:The findings emphasize the need for early-life interventions to promote health equity in aging populations.Machine learning showcases the potential in identifying contributing factors.

关键词： collective inequality estimates

health Systems Strengthening to Tackle the Global Burden of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease: A Diagonal Approach

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第2期19卷 131-138页

作者： Dominique Vervoort Amy Verstappen Sreehari Madhavankutty Nair Chong Chin Eu Bistra Zheleva institute of health policy Management and EvaluationUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada Division of Cardiac Surgery University of TorontoTorontoCanada Global Alliance for Rheumatic and Congenital Hearts PhiladelphiaUSA Department of health Services Government of KeralaKeralaIndia Ministry of health PutrajayaMalaysia Children’s HeartLink MinneapolisUSA

1 Background Congenital heart disease(CHD)is the most common major congenital anomaly,affecting approximately one in every 100 live births[1].Among congenital anomalies,66%of preventable deaths are due to CHD,and 58%of the avertable morbidity and mortality due to congenital anomalies would result from scaling congenital heart surgery services[2].Every year,nearly 300,000 children and adults die from CHD,the majority of whom live in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)[3].Approximately 49%of all individuals with CHD will require surgical or interventional care at some point in their lifetime[4];as a result of advances in access to and the delivery of such services,over 95%of children born with CHD in high-income countries now live into adulthood[3].Here,adults have surpassed children in the number of CHD cases at a ratio of 2:1[5].

关键词： Congenital heart disease pediatric heart disease global health health systems health policy

Combined Effect of Outdoor Time and Other Modifiable Factors on Myopia Incidence Among Children and Adolescents—9 PLADs,China,2020

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China CDC weekly 2024年第9期6卷 151-156,I0001,I0002页

作者： Panliang Zhong Yunfei Liu Ning Ma Jiajia Dang Di Shi Shan Cai Ziyue Chen Yanhui Dong Peijin Hu Jun Ma Patrick W.C Lau Randall S.Stafford Yi Song institute of Child and Adolescent health School of Public HealthPeking UniversityNational Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive HealthBeijingChina Department of Sport Physical Education&HealthHong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Medicine Stanford Prevention Research CenterStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUnited States

Summary What is already known about this topic?Myopia has been identified as a significant emerging challenge and policy priority among children and adolescents in China by the Ministry of Education and seven other departments.Limited research has been conducted to investigate the collective impact of outdoor time and other modifiable factors on the incidence of myopia.

关键词： Incidence collective policy

Considerable impact of major air pollutants on hypertension in Guizhou province,southwest China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第4期137卷 496-498页

作者： Ping Yuan Guojia Qi Xiu Dai Xiangyuan Chu Zhijun Liu Guoqin Liu Xiuquan Shi Department of Epidemiology and health Statistics School of Public HealthZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhou 563006China School of Management Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhou 563006China Center for Injury Research and policy&Center for Pediatric Trauma Research The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s HospitalThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOH 43210USA

To the Editor:Air pollution can lead to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases(CVDs),and its impact on human health is very significant.Air particles less than 0.1µm can pass through the blood brain barrier,reach the brain,and enter the central nervous system,causing physiological and pathological changes.A study shows that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))will increase the risk of CVDs among Chinese residents.^([1])Another study found that a short time exposure to low concentrations of air pollutants may also lead to the onset of acute coronary syndrome within one hour.^([2])A meta-analysis based on seven databases showed that environmental air pollution was positively correlated with elevated blood pressure and hypertension.^([3])Mounting evidence indicates that air pollution can cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and affect human health furtherly.

关键词： pollution impact Guizhou

Associations between parental adherence to healthy lifestyles and cognitive performance in offspring:A prospective cohort study in China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第6期137卷 683-693页

作者： Rongxia Lv Yuhui Huang Siyi Huang Shiyi Wu Siwen Wang Guangyu Hu Yanan Ma Peige Song Jorge E.Chavarro S.V.Subramanian Chunling Lu Zhihui Li Changzheng Yuan School of Public health the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA institute of Medical Information/Center for health policy and Management Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110122China Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA Division of Global health Equity Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Department of Global health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Vanke School of Public health Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Global health and Population Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA

Background:Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring’s cognitive development during early childhood.This study aimed to investigate the prospective associations between overall parental lifestyle and offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and young adulthood in China.Methods:We included 2531 adolescents aged 10-15 years at baseline in 2010 from the China Family Panel Studies.A healthy parental lifestyle score(ranged 0-5)was constructed based on the following five modifiable lifestyle factors:Smoking,drinking,exercise,sleep,and diet.Generalized estimating equation models were used to examine the association between baseline parental healthy lifestyle scores and offspring’s fluid and crystallized intelligence in subsequent years(2012,2014,2016,and 2018).Results:Offspring in the top tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores performed better in overall fluid intelligence(multivariable-adjusted β=0.53,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.29-0.77)and overall crystallized intelligence(multivariable-adjusted β=0.35,95%CI:0.16-0.54)than those in the bottom tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores.The results were similar after further adjustment for the offspring’s healthy lifestyle scores and persisted across the subgroups of parental socioeconomic status.Additionally,maternal and paternal healthy lifestyle scores were independently associated with better offspring’s cognitive performance,with significant contribution observed for paternal never-smoking,weekly exercise,and diversified diet.When both parents and offspring adhered to a healthier lifestyle,we observed the highest level of the offspring’s overall crystallized intelligence.Conclusions:Our study indicates that parental adherence to a healthier lifestyle is associated with significantly better offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and early adulthood,regardless of socioeconomic status.These findings highlight the potential cognitive benefits of promoting healthy lif

关键词： Cohort study Parental healthy lifestyle Offspring Cognitive performance Intelligence Adolescence

New Rural Community Construction or Retention Development:A Comparative Analysis of Rural Settlement Transition Mechanism in Plain Agriculture Area of China Based on Actor Network Theory

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第3期34卷 436-452页

作者： QU Yanbo DONG Xiaozhen MA Wenqiu ZHAO Weiying School of Public Administration and policy Shandong University of Finance and EconomicsJinan 250014China institute of Land Science and policy Shandong University of Finance and EconomicsJinan 250014China College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

It is an important way to realize rural revitalization and sustainable development to guide rural settlement transition(RST)in an appropriate way.This paper uses actor network theory(ANT)to construct a theoretical framework for the study of RST.Taking two typical villages with different transition paths in rural areas of North China Plain as examples,this paper reveals the mechanism of RST and makes a comparative analysis.The results show that:1)after identifying problems and obligatory passage point,key actors recruit heterogeneous actors into the actor network by entrusting them with common interests,and realize RST under the system operation.2)Rural settlements under different transition paths have similarities in the problems to be solved,collective actions and policy factors,but there are differences in the transition process,mechanism and effect.The actor network and mechanism of RST through the path of new rural community construction are more complex and the transition effect is more thorough.In contrast,the degree of RST of retention development path is limited if there is no resource and location advantage.3)Based on the applicable conditions of different paths,this paper designs a logical framework of‘Situation-Structure-Behavior-Result’to scientifically guide the identification of RST paths under the background of rural revitalization.

关键词： rural settlement transition(RST) actor network theory(ANT) transition path transition mechanism plain area China

Trajectory of COVID-19 response and management strategy in China:scientific rationale driven strategy adjustments

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Frontiers of Medicine 2024年第1期18卷 19-30页

作者： Zeyu Zhang Yue Yan Lina Zhao Yizhou Bian Ning Zhao You Wu Dahai Zhao Zongjiu Zhang institute for Hospital Management Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China School of Medicine Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China School of International and Public Affairs Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China Yale University-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Center for health policy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200030China

The pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection in early December 2019,which was later named coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)by the World health Organization(WHO),rapidly spread across the world.China has made extraordinary efforts to this unprecedented pandemic,put its response and control at a very high level of infectious disease management(Category B but with measures for Category A),given top priority to the people and their lives,and balanced the pandemic control and socio-economic development.After more than three years’fighting against this disease,China downgraded the management of COVID-19 to Category B infectious disease on January 8,2023 and the WHO declared the end of public health emergency on May 5,2023.However,the ending of pandemic does not mean that the disease is no longer a health threat.Experiences against COVID-19 from China and the whole world should be learned to prepare well for the future public health emergencies.This article gives a systematic review of the trajectory of COVID-19 development in China,summarizes the critical policy arrangements and provides evidence for the adjustment during policy making process,so as to share experiences with international community and contribute to the global health for all humanity.

关键词： COVID-19 public health response and control strategy science-based policy making