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Understanding Third Pole Atmospheric Dynamics and Land Surface Processes and Their Associations with the Cryosphere,Air Quality,and Climate Change--Preface to the Special Issue on Third Pole Atmospheric Physics,Chemistry,and Hydrology

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第7期39卷 1017-1020页

作者： Yun Qian Hailong Wang Chuanfeng Zhao Chun Zhao Siyu Chen Xiao-Ming Hu Shichang Kang Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWA 99354USA College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms University of OklahomaNorman 73019OKUSA State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Lanzhou 730000China

The Tibetan Plateau(TP),widely known as the Third Pole,is the highest and largest plateau on *** TP not only plays an important role in influencing the atmospheric circulation,surface energy budget,ecology,weather,and climate but also acts as the Asian Water Tower by holding the largest ice mass outside the polar regions to supply fresh water to over 1.4 billion people downstream in Asia(Qin et al.,2006).The observed historical warming and projected future warming over the TP are much stronger than the corresponding global average(Wang et al.,2008).Glaciers on the TP have been retreating extensively in recent decades,driven by atmospheric warming and circulation changes associated with increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols in the atmosphere,light-absorbing particles(e.g.,black carbon,dust)on snow,and other factors(Duan et al.,2012;Qian et al.,2011;Zhao et al.,2020).In addition,due to the thermal and dynam-ical effects of the TP,as well as its proximity to the stratosphere,unique atmospheric boundary layer structures often develop over the TP and in the surrounding areas,which have important impacts on local weather,climate,and mixing and transport of atmospheric constituents(Zhao et al.,2020).The TP is considered a natural laboratory to study multi-sphere inter-actions.A systematic mechanistic understanding of the atmospheric chemical and microphysical processes,climate change,cryospheric variability,and the subsequent environmental impacts is particularly important in the context of the unpreceden-ted warming over the TP(Yao et al.,2019).

关键词： warming weather plateau

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SOIL EROSION PROCESS RESEARCH AND ITS POTENTIAL IMPACT ON EROSION PREDICTION MODEL DEVELOPMENT

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2005年第4期20卷 350-357页

作者： Chi-hua HUANG1 and Fenli ZHENG2Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907-2077, USA. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MOWR, Northwestern A & Univ. Soil Erosion Research Laboratory Purdue Univ. West Lafayette IN 47907-2077 USA State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Fanning on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS and MOWR Northwestern A & Univ. Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China

This paper highlights past efforts in developing erosion process concepts that lead to the development of the current process-based erosion prediction model, i.e., WEPP. Recent progress includes the development of a multiple-box system that can simulate hillslope hydrologic conditions. Laboratory procedures enable the quantification of near-surface hydrologic effects, i.e., artesian seepage vs. drainage, on the soil erosion process and sediment regime, flow hydraulics, and sediment transport and deposition processes. These recent findings improve soil erosion science and provide new erosion control strategies that may have additional environmental benefits relative to the traditional erosion control practices. The paper also discusses the potential impacts of the erosion process on erosion model development and future research directions of soil erosion process research and model development .

关键词： Soil erosion process Erosion prediction model Surface condition Spatial and temporal variability transport capacity

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Prioritizing sustainable development goals and linking them to ecosystem services:A global expert’s knowledge evaluation

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Geography and Sustainability 2020年第4期1卷 321-330页

作者： Siqi Yang Wenwu Zhao Yanxu Liu Francesco Cherubini Bojie Fu Paulo Pereira State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Industrial Ecology Programme and Department of Energy and Process Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)Trondheim NO-7491Norway Environmental Management Center Mykolas Romeris UniversityVilnius 08303Lithuania

The implementation of strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is frequently hindered by potential trade-offs between priorities for either environmental protection or human ***,ecosystem services(ES)-based solutions can offer possible co-benefits for SDGs implementation that are often overlooked or *** this study,we cover this gap and investigate how experts from different countries value the SDGs and relate them with ES.A total of 66 countries participated to the survey,and answers were grouped into three macro-regions:Asia;Europe,North America,and Oceania(ENO);Latin America,Caribbean and Africa(LA).Results show that the most prioritized SDGs in the three macro-regions are usually those related to essential material needs and environmental conditions,such as SDG2(Zero Hunger),SDG1(No Poverty),and SDG6(Clean Water).At a global scale,the number of prioritized synergies between SDGs and ES largely exceeded *** highest amount of synergies was observed for SDG1(No Poverty),mainly with SDG2,SDG3(Good Health),SDG5(Gender Equality),and SDG8(Economic Growth).Other major synergies among SDGs include SDG14-15(Life below water-Life on land),SDG5-10(Gender Equity-Reduced Inequality),and SDG1-2(No poverty-Zero Hunger).At a global scale,SDG15,SDG13,SDG14,and SDG6 were closely related to ES like climate regulation,freshwater,food,water purification,biodiversity,and ***11(Sustainable cities)and SDG3 were also relevant in Asia and in LA,***,this study shows the potential to couple future policies that can implement SDGs’strategies while adopting ES-based solutions in different regions of the world.

关键词： Sustainable development goals(SDGs) Ecosystem services Priority Expert’s knowledge Network analysis

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Homogeneous and heterogeneous photolysis of nitrate in the atmosphere:state of the science,current research needs,and future prospects

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第4期17卷 109-126页

作者： Yiqun Cao Qingxin Ma Biwu Chu Hong He State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China

Nitrate is an important component of atmospheric particulate matter and affects air quality,climate,human health,and the *** was previously considered a permanent sink for nitrogen oxides(NO_(x)).However,this viewpoint has been challenged in recent years because growing research evidence has shown the transformation of nitrate into NO_(x)(i.e.,renoxification).The photolysis of nitrate/HNO3,especially in the particulate phase or adsorbed on particles,can be a significant renoxification process in the *** formation and photolysis of nitrate in aerosol not only change the diurnal variation of NO_(x),but also provide long-distance transport of NO_(x)in the form of nitrate,which affects local and regional atmospheric chemistry and air *** review summarizes recent advances in the fundamental understanding of the photolysis of nitrate/HNO3 under various atmospheric conditions,with a focus on mechanisms and key factors affecting the *** atmospheric implications are discussed and future research is recommended.

关键词： Nitrate Photolysis Renoxification Aerosol

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Distinguishable transport Behavior of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Silica Sand and Soil Columns

Distinguishable Transport Behavior of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticl...

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浙江省环境科学学会2014年学术年会

作者： Peide Sun Altantuya Shijirbaatar Jing Fang Gary Owens Daohui Lin Keke Zhang School of Environmental Science and Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University Environmental Contaminants Group Mawson Institute University of South Australia Mawson Lakes South Australia SA 5095 Australia Department of Environmental Science Zhejiang University

As part of ongoing risk assessments of ZnO nanoparticles(nZnO) in the natural environment, transport behaviors of nZnO in soil need investigation. This work comparatively studied the transport and retention behavior of nZnO in silica sand versus soil, where the effect of input concentration(C0= 34 430 mg L-1) and ionic strength(IS =1 50 mM) were investigated. In silica sand, nZnO were highly mobile, especially at low C0 and the efflux of nZnO generally decreased with increasing C0 at all tested IS. Conversely, at low C0, n ZnO were almost entirely immobile in soil and the efflux of nZnO increased with C0 at all tested IS. In both media, the retention profiles(RPs)were generally hyper-exponentially shaped suggesting nZnO easily deposited near the column inlet. As indicated by DLVO calculations, previously deposited nZnO on the silica sand surface acted as new deposition sites due to the lower energy barrier(Φmax) between nZnO-nZnO than between nZnO-silica sand. However, previously deposited nZnO in soil could enhance Φmaxbetween the soil surface and nZnO which resulted in unfavorable sites for nZnO deposition. The two-site kinetic attachment model provided good descriptions for the breakthrough curves of *** was more significant than attachment in silica sand(k1d>k1a), whereas soil surface attachment of nZnO were strong and irreversible(k1a>k1d). The straining interaction parameter(k2str) increased with increasing C0 in silica sand, but decreased with C0 in soil. Such differences were mainly responsible for the various transport behaviors of nZnO in silica sand and soil.

关键词： ZnO nanoparticles transport silica sand soil concentration modeling

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Can the Grain-for-Green Program Really Ensure a Low Sediment Load on the Chinese Loess Plateau?

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Engineering 2019年第5期5卷 855-864页

作者： Pengcheng Sun Yiping Wu Zhifeng Yang Bellie Sivakumar Linjing Qiu Shuguang Liu Yanpeng Cai Department of Earth and Environmental Science School of Human Settlements and Civil EngineeringXi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Department of Land Air and Water ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbai 400076India National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry and Ecology in South China Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004China

The Chinese Loess Plateau is the most seriously eroded area in the world and contributes the vast majority of the sediment that goes into the Yellow *** the 1950s,progressive soil and water conservation measures have been implemented—in particular,large-scale ecological restoration has been ongoing since 1999—resulting in a significant reduction of the sediment ***,the mechanism of the sediment transport dynamics is not fully understood due to multiple and complicated influencing factors including climate change and human activities(e.g.,ecological restoration).A challenging question,then,arises:Is the current low sediment level a“new normal”in this era and in the future?To address this question,we selected a typical loess hilly region where considerable ecological restoration has been implemented,and which is regarded as the site of the first and most representative Grainfor-Green program in the Loess *** investigated the evolution of discharge–sediment relationships in the past decades(1960–2010)and their association with the soil and water conservation measures in this *** results showed that there was a distinct change in the regression parameters of the commonly used annual discharge–sediment regression equation—a continuously increasing trend of parameter b and a decreasing trend of parameter a,accompanying the ecological *** increase in exponent b(i.e.,a steeper slope)implies a potential lower sediment load resulting from low discharge and a potential higher sediment load resulting from large *** finding may question the new normal of a low sediment level and implies the potential risk of a large sediment load during extremely wet years.

关键词： Discharge–sediment relationship Ecological restoration Loess hilly region Sediment load Sediment rating parameters

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A Novel Early Warning Model for Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Prediction Based on a Graph Convolutional Network

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2022年第6期35卷 494-503页

作者： JI Tian Jiao CHENG Qiang ZHANG Yong ZENG Han Ri WANG Jian Xing YANG Guan Yu XU Wen Bo LIU Hong Tu NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases National Institute for Viral Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100026China Academy of Cyber Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189JiangsuChina Center for Biosafety Mega Science Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430071HubeiChina Guangdong Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guangzhou 511430GuangdongChina Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention Jinan 250014ShandongChina LIST Key Laboratory of Computer Network and Information Integration(Southeast University)Ministry of EducationSoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189JiangsuChina

Objectives Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)is a widespread infectious disease that causes a significant disease burden on *** achieve early intervention and to prevent outbreaks of disease,we propose a novel warning model that can accurately predict the incidence of *** We propose a spatial-temporal graph convolutional network(STGCN)that combines spatial factors for surrounding cities with historical incidence over a certain time period to predict the future occurrence of HFMD in Guangdong and Shandong between 2011 and *** 2011-2018 data served as the training and verification set,while data from 2019 served as the prediction *** important parameters were selected and verified in this model and the deviation was displayed by the root mean square error and the mean absolute *** As the first application using a STGCN for disease forecasting,we succeeded in accurately predicting the incidence of HFMD over a 12-week period at the prefecture level,especially for cities of significant *** This model provides a novel approach for infectious disease prediction and may help health administrative departments implement effective control measures up to 3 months in advance,which may significantly reduce the morbidity associated with HFMD in the future.

关键词： HFMD Early warning model STGCN Disease prediction

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Dipeptide transport: an active process with energy-and proton-dependence in the human intestinal cell line,Caco-2

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江苏大学学报（医学版） 2007年第1期17卷 9-14,18页

作者： SUN Bing-wei SHI Lei CHEN Xi CHEN Zhao-yong TAI Ning-zheng ZHAO Xiao-chen LI Ning Department of Bum and Plastic Surgery Affiliated Hospital Jiangsu University Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212001 Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 Research institute of General Surgery ChinesePLA General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area Nanjing Jiangsu 210002 China

Objective: To determine the active process on dipeptide transport with proton-and energy-dependence in Caco-2 ***: A human intestinal cell monolayer(Caco-2) was used as the in vitro model of human small intestine and cephalexin as the model substrate for dipeptide transporter(PepT1).Caco-2 cells grown on multiwell dishes(24 wells) and Transwell membrane filters were incubated in the culture medium. The transport and uptake experiments of cephalexin across apical membranes were then conducted with different temperature and different pH *** of cephalexin in Caco-2 cells gsown on multiple well dishes with addition of energy inhibitors(sodium azide,SA and 2,4-dinitrophenol,DNP) were then measured. Results: The accumulation of cephalexin into Caco-2 monolayers increased with the duration of *** uptake from the apical surface was markedly influenced by the pH of the apical medium,and the maximal uptake was achieved at pH 5.5;further acidification of the incubation medium may decrease transport of cephalexin despite an increase inward H+ *** uptake was linear over the concentration range when the cells were incubated at 4℃ while the uptake rate was enhanced and tended to be saturated as the cephalexin concentration increased when the cells were incubated at 37℃.The kinetic parameters for the cephalexin transport carrier were determined to be: Vmax of(22.173±1.9) nmol/min per mg protein,Km of(2.069±0.9)mol/L,the Kd was estimated to be(0.07±0.02) nmol/min per mg protein per mmol/*** of cephalexin was markedly inhibited by sodium azide(SA) and 2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP). Conclusion: Cephalexin was transported actively across Caco-2 cells,and the transport process was proton-and *** addition, Caco-2 cells taked up cephalexin by dipeptide transporters that closely resembled the transporters present in the ***-2 cells represented an ideal cellular model for future studies of the dipeptide transporter.

关键词： dipeptide transport uptake active process energy

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Isolation of <i>Gemella morbillorum</i>in Herniated Intervertebral Disc Tissue in a Lumbar Discectomy Patient: A Case Report

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第3期5卷 99-104页

作者： Niroshima Dedunu Withanage Lohini Vijayendran Athiththan Sunil Perera Sujatha Pathirage Hemantha Peiris Department of Allied Health Sciences Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura Nugegoda Sri Lanka Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Sri Jayewardenepura Nugegoda Sri Lanka The Central Hospital Colombo Sri Lanka Medical Research institute Colombo Sri Lanka

Back pain associated with lumbar disc herniation is a common musculoskeletal disorder that leads to absence at work place worldwide. Studies have proven in addition to the traditional factors, microbes play a role in disc herniation causing chronic back pain. A 34-year-old male who has not involved in any traumatic work but has a family history of disc herniation presented with lower back pain and numbness in his right leg. He had previously undergone lumbar discectomy at L4/L5 ten years back. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed L5/S1 right para central disc herniation impinging on the right S1 and S2 nerve roots. Standard protocols for disinfection of instruments, external skin and all transport media were adhered. Skin scrapings, muscle biopsy and excised disc tissue were obtained for anaerobic and aerobic bacterial cultures. Anaerobic microbial cultures of excised disc tissue following lumbar discectomy showed Gram positive growth. Further anaerobic isolation carried out using RapID ANA ID kit confirmed the growth as Gemella morbillorum. In addition, neither of the control samples (muscle nor skin) had any anaerobic growth indicating the absence of contamination. Aerobic bacterial growth was not present in the skin, muscles and disc cultures. The study findings add to the available literature, on the role of microorganisms in lumbar disc herniation and future treatment regimens with antibiotics.

关键词： Lumbar Disc Herniation Intervertebral Disc Anaerobic Bacteria Gemella morbillorum

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A Novel Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Technique with Hour-Hectometer Level Horizontal Distribution of Trace Gases:To Accurately Identify Emission Sources

Journal of Remote Sensing

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Journal of Remote Sensing 2023年第1期3卷 433-443页

作者： Chuan Lu Qihua Li Chengzhi Xing Qihou Hu Wei Tan Hua Lin Jinan Lin Zhiguo Zhang Bowen Chang Cheng Liu Key Lab of Environmental Optics&Technology Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefei 230039China Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education institutes University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

High spatial-temporal resolution distribution of atmospheric gaseous pollutant is an important basis for tracing its emission,transport,and *** methods for acquiring regional atmospheric gaseous pollutant distributions are satellite remote sensing and in situ ***,these approaches have limitations,such as sparse overpass times for satellites and restricted coverage for in situ *** this study,we propose a method for the long-term detection of the horizontal distribution of trace *** method based on effective optical paths(EOPs)as the instrument's detection *** acquires the average trace gas concentration along the EOPs by utilizing different detection distances within the ultraviolet(UV)and visible(VIS)spectral ***,we use the onion-peeling method to obtain trace gas concentrations at two distinct *** obtained trace gas horizontal distribution was consistent with the in situ and mobile *** with satellite remote sensing,this method achieved horizontal distribution results with higher spatial and temporal resolutions,and located several small high-value areas in Hefei,*** tropospheric NO_(2) vertical column density(VCD)results of the satellite at transit time(13:30)were consistent with the hyperspectral NO_(2) horizontal distribution results at 13:00 to 14:00 on the same day but were not consistent with the daily average NO_(2) *** hourly NO_(2) concentration in each area was 10% to 40% lower than the daytime average obtained by the hyperspectral remote sensing *** evaluated the errors associated with the calculation of NO_(2) emissions based on the satellite results and found a bias of approximately 69.45% to 83.34%.The spatial distribution of NO_(2) concentration obtained from MAX-DOAS measurements may help in future bottom-up emission calculations.

关键词： distribution Remote utilizing

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