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Comparison Between Reconstructions of Global Anthropogenic Land Cover Change over Past Two Millennia

Chinese Geographical science 2013年第2期23卷 131-146页

作者： YAN Mi WANG Zhiyuan Jed Oliver KAPLAN LIU Jian MIN Shen WANG Sumin Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Ministry of Education School of Geography ScienceNanjing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Lake science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of science environmental Engineering institute Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Three global datasets, the History Database of the Global Environment （HYDE）, Kaplan and Krurnhardt （KK） and Pongratz of reconstructed anthropogenic land cover change （ALCC） were introduced and compared in this paper. The HYDE dataset was recon- structed by Goldewijk and his colleagues at the National institute of Public ttealth and the Environment in Netherland, covering the past 12 000 years. The KK dataset was reconstructed by Kaplan and his colleagues, the Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Research Group at the institute of environmental Engineering in Switzerland, covering the past 8000 years. The Pongratz dataset was reconstructed by Pon- gratz and her colleagues at the Max Planck institute for Meteorology in Germany, coveting AD 800-1992. The results show that the reconstructed datasets are quite different from each other due to the different methods used. The three datasets all allocated the historical ALCC according to human population density. The main reason causing the differences among the three datasets lies on the different relationships between population density and land use used in each reconstructed dataset. The KK dataset is better than the other two datasets for two important reasons. First, it used the nonlinear relationship between population density and land use, while the other two used the linear relationship. Second, Kaplan and his colleagues adopted the technological development and intensification parameters and considered the wood harvesting and the long-term fallow area resulted from shifting cultivation, which were neglected in the recon- structions of the other two datasets. Therefore, the KK dataset is more suitable as one of the anthropogenic forcing fields for climate simulation over the past two millennia that is recently concerned by two projects, the National Basic Research Program and the Strategic and Special Frontier Project of science and Technology of the Chinese Academy of sciences.

关键词： anthropogenic land cover change (ALCC) spatial pattern vegetation type global dataset last two millennia

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Phosphorus Bioavailability in a Phosphorus-Abundant System under Repeated Sediment Resuspension Conditions

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2011年第5期28卷 523-527页

作者：李大鹏黄勇范成新袁砚 State Key Laboratory of Lake science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of Sciences School of environmental science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology

Variation of bioavailable phosphorus(BAP) concentrations,i.e.,the sum of dissolved total phosphorus(DTP) and bioavailable particulate phosphorus(BAPP),was investigated in a phosphorus(P)-abundant system as influenced by repeated sediment *** overlying water and sediments in the studied system collected from a city canal,with the initial BAP concentration about 0.679 mg·L-1 in the overlying *** sediments were disturbed with rotating blade once every day for 30 days in the experimental *** of dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP),DTP,and total phosphorus(TP) in overlying water and algal available phosphorus(AAP),total phosphorus(Tot-P) in suspended particles were determined in diminishing *** was found that the BAP decreased rapidly in the beginning few days in the sediment resuspension system,and then kept decreasing gradually at a low level,compared with the static *** was mainly attributed to the sharp decrease of *** is suggested that repeated sediment resuspension plays a significant role in phosphorus migration and converting it to more stable forms.

关键词： phosphorus bioavailability sediment resuspension immobilization p-abundant system canal

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Application of subfossil cladocerans(water fleas) in assessing ecological resilience of shallow Yangtze River floodplain lake systems(China)

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science China Earth sciences 2018年第9期61卷 1157-1168页

作者： Giri KATTEL Ke ZHANG Xiangdong YANG State Key Laboratory of Lake science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of Sciences environmental Hydrology and Water Resources Group Department of Infrastructure EngineeringThe University of Melbourne

Majority of shallow floodplain lake ecosystems of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(China) have gone through serious eutrophication problems over the recent past. The severe environmental deterioration accompanied by cyanobacterial blooms have become major water resource management challenges in the region. An advanced research method is urgently needed to tackle these challenges. The concept of ecological resilience address pressing questions of non-linear dynamics, threshold effects and regime shifts in shallow floodplain lakes, and help manage the ecosystem effectively. Palaeolimnological techniques are important for assessing long term resilience and associated thresholds effects of shallow lake ecosystems. However, the lack of reliable proxy methods available, the assessment of long term ecological resilience of shallow Yangtze River lake systems has become increasingly difficult. Cladocerans(water fleas) play a central role in lacustrine food webs by responding to external drivers and internal ecosystem processes in lakes. Their subfossils are well preserved and becoming one of potential proxy indicators of lake ecosystems change for a longer time scale. This study explores the potential application of subfossil cladocerans and their ephippia in assessing a long term ecological resilience and help better management strategies of lake ecosystems and water resources of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China.

关键词： Subfossil cladoceran Yangtze River lake system Food web Ecological resilience Regime shift Threshold

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Modeling the crop transpiration using an optimality-based approach

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science China(Technological sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 60-75页

作者： Stanislaus J.Schymanski Murugesu Sivapalan Max Planck institute for Biogeochemistry Departments of geography and Civil and environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Evapotranspiration constitutes more than 80% of the long-term water balance in Northern *** this area,crop transpiration due to large areas of agriculture and irrigation is responsible for the majority of evapotranspiration.A model for crop transpiration is therefore essential for estimating the agricultural water consumption and understanding its feedback to the ***,most existing hydrological models usually calculate transpiration by relying on parameter calibration against local observations,and do not take into account crop feedback to the ambient *** study presents an optimality-based ecohydrology model that couples an ecological hypothesis,the photosynthetic process,stomatal movement,water balance,root water uptake and crop senescence,with the aim of predicting crop characteristics,CO2 assimilation and water balance based only on given meteorological *** experiments were conducted in the Weishan Irrigation District of Northern China to evaluate performance of the *** between simulation and measurement was achieved for CO2 assimilation,evapotranspiration and soil moisture *** vegetation optimality was proven valid for crops and the model was applicable for both C3 and C4 *** to the simple scheme of the optimality-based approach as well as its capability for modeling dynamic interactions between crops and the water cycle without prior vegetation information,this methodology is potentially useful to couple with the distributed hydrological model for application at the watershed scale.

关键词： crop transpiration CO2 assimilation optimality feedback ecohydrological model

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Reply to comments by ***(2015) and A.J.(Tom) van Loon(2015) on “3D palaeogeographic reconstructions of the Phanerozoic versus sea-level and Sr-ratio variations”

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2015年第3期4卷 248-250页

作者： Christian Vérard institute for environmental science University of Geneva

I use to say that in science, one cannot say what is right, but one can say what is wrong. And a model is, by definition, wrong, otherwise it is not a modet, it is the truth. Being aware that a model aims to mimic the truth but witl never be the truth, the onty worth questions asking to a model are：（1） How wrong are we？ And （2） Why are we wrong？ The tatter questions the foundations of the model, and is mainty the concerns of A. J. （Tom） van Loon＇s comments （2015, this issue）. The first questions the accuracy of the outcomes, and corresponds more to G. Shanmugam＇s comments （2015, this issue）. I am grad that our paper has aroused so rapidty as much feedbacks and comments, sometimes even before the manuscript is definitely pubtished. We hope this paper witl keep on inspiring various axes of research and opening new avenues in geosciences. Detaited answers to the comments raised by A. J. （Tom） van Loon and G. Shanmugam among others would certainty deserve a book, so my repty witl just focus herein around the two aforementioned questions.

关键词： modet topography pataeogeographicreconstruction plate tectonics geoscience

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Growth characteristics of algae during early stages of phytoplankton bloom in Lake Taihu,China

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Journal of environmental sciences 2013年第2期25卷 254-261页

作者： Yuhong Jia Johnson Dan Min Zhang Fanxiang Kong State Key Laboratory of Lake science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of Chinese Academy of sciences Water and environmental science Building Department of GeographyUniversity of LethbridgeLethbridgeAlbertaT1K 3M4Canada

Three treatments, sediment plus lake water （S＋W）, sterilized sediment plus lake water （SS＋W）, and sediment plus filtered lake water （S＋FW）, were recruited to investigate the growth characteristics of algae during pre-bloom and the importance of algal inocula in the water column and sediment. The results showed that in the water column, biomass of all algae increased in all treatments when recruitment was initiated, whereas this tendency differed among treatments with further increment of temperature. The process of algal growth consisted of two stages： Stage I, the onset of recruitment and Stage II, the subsequent growth of algae. Compared with S＋W, in Stage I, SS＋W significantly increased the biomass of cyanophytes by 178.70%, and decreased the biomass of non-cyanophytes by 43.40%; In Stage II, SS＋W notably stimulated the growth of all algae, thus incurring the occurrence of phytoplankton bloom. Further analyses revealed that both metabolic activity and photochemical activity of algae were enhanced in SS＋W, which resulted from the releasing of nutrients from sediment. These results suggest that algal growth in Stage II and algal inocula in the water column can be important factors for the formation of phytoplankton bloom. In addition, possible mechanisms promoting algal recruitment and subsequent growth of algae were explored.

关键词： algae recruitment phytoplankton bloom water column sediment

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Chemical compositions and effects on chemiluminescence of AMs in vitro of chalk dusts

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2015年第1期26卷 157-159页

作者： Yue-Xia Zhang Zhen-Hua Yang Quan-Xi Zhang Rui-Jin Li Hong Geng Chuan Dong institute of environmental science Shanxi University

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical compositions of chalk dust and examine the adverse effects of fine chalk particle matters（PM（2.5）） on rat alveolar macrophages（AMs） in *** and element concentrations of chalk particles were analyzed using quantitative energydispersive electron probe X-ray microanalysis（ED-EPMA）.The oxidative response of AMs exposed to chalk PM（2.5） was measured by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence（CL）.The results showed that（1）Chalk dust was mainly composed of gypsum（CaSO4）,calcite（CaCO3）/dolomite（CaMg（CO3）2）,and organic adhesives;（2） Fine chalk particles induced the AM production of CL,which was inhibited by about 90%by diphenyleneiodonium chloride（DPI）.Based on these results,we showed that cytotoxicity of chalk PM（2.5） may be related to the reactive oxygen species（ROS） generation.

关键词： Chemiluminescence Chalk PM2.5 Alveolar macrophages Reactive oxygen species

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Spatial Variation of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Soils of Riparian Wetlands and Responses to Hydro-geomorphologic Changes in Sanjiang Plain, China

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Chinese Geographical science 2015年第2期25卷 174-183页

作者： XI Min KONG Fanlong LYU Xianguo JIANG Ming LI Yue College of Chemical and environmental Engineering Qingdao University Northeast institute of geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Spatial variation of dissolved organic carbon(DOC) in soils of riparian wetlands and responses to hydro-geomorphologic changes in the Sanjiang Plain were analyzed through in situ collecting soil samples in the Naoli River and the Bielahong River. The results showed that the average contents of DOC for soil layer of 0–100 cm were 730.6 mg/kg, 250.9 mg/kg, 423.0 mg/kg and 333.1 mg/kg respectively from riverbed to river terrace along the transverse directions of the Naoli watershed. The content of the soil DOC was the highest in the riverbed, lower in the high floodplain and much lower in the river terrace, and it was the lowest in the low floodplain. The difference in the content and vertical distribution of DOC between the riverbed and the three riparian wetlands was significant, while it was not significant among the low floodplain, the high floodplain and the river terrace. The variability of soil DOC was related to the hydrological connectivity between different landscape position of the riparian wetlands and the adjacent stream. Extremely significant correlations were observed between DOC and total organic carbon(TOC), total iron(TFe), ferrous iron(Fe(II)) whose correlation coefficients were 0.819, –0.544 and –0.709 in riparian wetlands of the Naoli River. With the increase of wetland destruction, soil p H increased and soil DOC content changed. The correlation coefficients between soil DOC and TOC, TFe, Fe(II) also changed into 0.759, –0.686 and –0.575 respectively in the Bielahong River. Under the impact of drainage ditches, the correlations between soil DOC and TFe, Fe(II) were not obvious, while the soil p H was weakly alkaline and was negatively correlated with soil DOC in the previous high floodplain. It indicates that riparian hydro-geomorphology is the main factor that could well explain this spatial variability of soil DOC, and the agricultural environmental hydraulic works like ditching also must be considered.

关键词： dissolved organic carbon(DOC) riparian wetlands spatial variation hydro-geomorphologic changes Sanjiang Plain

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Applying multivariate statistics for identification of groundwater chemistry and qualities in the Sugan Lake Basin, Northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

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Journal of Mountain science 2020年第2期17卷 448-463页

作者： XIANG Juan ZHOU Jun-ju YANG Jun-cang HUANG Mei-hua FENG Wei LI Qiao-qiao XUE Dong-xiang ZHAO Ya-ru ZHU Guo-feng College of geography and environmental science Northwest Normal UniversityLanzhou 730070China State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Geological environmental Monitoring institute of Gansu Province Lanzhou 730050China

The Sugan Lake Basin is located in the inland arid region of northwestern China,in which groundwater is of great significance to human and ***,it is necessary to understand the chemical characteristics and quality of groundwater in the *** on samples collected from 35 groundwater wells in Sugan Lake Basin,the spatial distribution characteristics of groundwater chemistry,main hydrogeochemical processes and groundwater quality have been discussed in this paper by using the multivariate statistics and hydrochemistry analysis *** results showed that the groundwater is weakly alkaline,and its total dissolved solid(TDS)and total hardness(TH) are high,with the average values of 1244.03 mg/L and 492.10 mg/L,*** types of groundwater are mainly HCO_3^--SO_4^(2-)-Ca^(2+)type in the runoff area and Cl^--SO_4^(2-)-Na^+type in the catchment *** weathering and ion exchange are the main controlling factors of regional groundwater chemistry,followed by evaporative crystallization,and human activities have less impact on *** spatial difference of groundwater quality is obvious,the water quality of the catchment area is not suitable for drinking,and the suitability for plant growth is also *** groundwater in the runoff area can be used for drinking,but the hardness is slightly higher,which is more suitable for ecological purpose.

关键词： Hydrochemistry Groundwater Water quality assessment Sugan Lake Basin Water quality Tibet

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Substantial transition to clean household energy mix in rural China

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National science Review 2022年第7期9卷 137-151页

作者： Guofeng Shen Rui Xiong Yanlin Tian Zhihan Luo Bahabaike Jiangtulu Wenjun Meng Wei Du Jing Meng Yuanchen Chen Bing Xue Bin Wang Yonghong Duan Jia Duo Fenggui Fan Lei Huang Tianzhen Ju Fenggui Liu Shunxin Li Xianli Liu Yungui Li Mu Wang Ying Nan Bo Pan Yanfang Pan Lizhi Wang Eddy Zeng Chao Zhan Yilin Chen Huizhong Shen Hefa Cheng Shu Tao College of Urban and environmental sciences Peking University Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC)Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology institute of Reproductive and Child Health Peking University Laboratory of Geographic Information science School of Geographic Sciences East China Normal University The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction University College London College of Environment Zhejiang University of Technology institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University College of Resources and Environment Shanxi Agricultural University Xinjiang Key Laboratory of environmental Pollution and Bioremediation Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences National Engineering Technology Research Center for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of sciences School of geography and Tourism Anhui University School of Environment Nanjing University College of geography and environmental science Northwest Normal University College of Geographical science Qinghai Normal University Academy of Plateau science and Sustainability College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Environment Minnan Normal University School of environmental science and Engineering Hubei Polytechnic University Department of environmental Engineering Southwest University of Science and Technology College of Food science Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University College of geography and Ocean sciences Yanbian University Faculty of environmental science and Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology College of geography and environmental science Henan University College of Ecology and Environment Hainan University School of Environment Ji

The household energy mix has significant impacts on human health and climate,as it contributes greatly to many health-and climate-relevant air *** to the well-established urban energy statistical system,the rural hous ehold energy statistical system is incomplete and is often associated with high *** a nationwide investigation,this study reve aled high contributions to energy supply from coal and biomass fuels in the rural household energy sector,while electricity comprised ～20%.Stacking(the use of multiple sources of energy) is significant,and the average number of energy types was 2.8 per *** to 2012,the consumption of biomass and coals in 2017 decreased by 45% and 12%,respectively,while the gas consumption amount increased by 204%.Increased gas and decreased coal consumptions were mainly in cooking,while decreased biomass was in both cooking(41%) and heating(59%).The time-sharing fraction of electricity and gases(E&G) for daily cooking grew,reaching 69% in 2017,but for space heating,traditional solid fuels were still dominant,with the national average shared fraction of E&G being only 20%.The non-uniform spatial distribution and the non-linear increase in the fraction of E&G indicated challenges to achieving universal access to modern cooking energy by 2030,particularly in less-developed rural and mountainous *** some non-typical heating zones,the increased share of E&G for heating was significant and largely driven by income growth,but in typical heating zones,the time-sharing fraction was <5 % and was not significantly increased,except in areas with policy *** intervention policy not only led to dramatic increases in the clean energy fraction for heating but also accelerated the clean cooking *** income,higher education,younger age,less energy/stove stacking and smaller family size positively impacted the clean energy transition.

关键词： household energy mix energy transition clean heating modern energy sustainable development

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