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Utilization of human excrement in pre-modern China,its theoretical interpretations and ecological significance

Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 1-5页

作者： Xin-Hao Du Yuan-Ming Song Ji-An Cai Yong-Guan Zhu institute for the history of Natural sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China institute for cultural heritage and history of science&technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Faculty of history Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Research Center for Eco Environmental sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

The use of human excrement as fertilizer is a characteristic of traditional Chinese agriculture..The application of excrement from urban residents in agriculture since the Song Dynasty has ensured the cleanliness and hygiene of *** early as the Ming Dynasty,the Chinese people defined the principle of fertilizing fields with human excrement from the perspective of *** concept Peri-URban ecosystems(PURE)provides inspiration forurban-rural symbiosis regarding *** use of human excrement in fertilization is a major attribute differentiating the Chinese traditional agriculture from the agriculture in other regions around the *** the fact that the exact record showing that human excrement was used as fertilizer in China emerged in the Western Han Dynasty(B.C.202-A.D.8),such records did not become prevalent until the Southern Song Dynasty(A.D.1127-1279).In the Ming and Qing eras(A.D.1368-1912),human excrement was even considered"top-class fertilizerand servedas themost essential fertilizerin farmland *** importance of human excrement in the Ming and Qing was mainly reflected by farmers'purchase of human excrement from urban *** fertilization practices became increasingly popular during the period,men of letters built a localized theoretical system centering on human *** the use of human excrement had both positive and negative impacts on public health and the ecological environment,the positive overshadowed the negativeas a ***,it is worth pondering on how the utilization of human excrement as an agricultural resource can be improved so that a material cycle system can be rebuilt to re-connect the urban and rural areas.

关键词： excrement fertilizer theorization urban and rural ecology public health

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The trajectory of rice from wild to domesticated: A new chapter in the study of origins of agriculture

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science China Earth sciences 2024年第09期67卷 3011-3012页

作者： Zhijun ZHAO institute of cultural heritage Shandong University

Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important food crops in the world today, feeding more than one-third of the global population. Therefore. the domestication of rice has always been an international research topic (Gross and Zhao, 2014).When, where, and how rice was cultivated and eventually domesticated has been a hot issue in many research fields such as archaeology, biology, and agronomy (Fuller et al.,2009).

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Looking at the cultural heritage proclamations of Ethiopia:conceptualisation and management of cultural heritage

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Built heritage 2024年第1期8卷 18-28页

作者： Mengistie Zewdu Department of history and heritage Management Woldia UniversityWoldiaEthiopia

The main purpose of this paper is to explore how the conceptualisation and management of cultural heritage have been treated in the cultural heritage proclamations of *** analysis of the four cultural heritage proclamations reveals that the notion of cultural heritage improves from the frst to the fourth *** the first two proclamations,the term antiquity was employed,and the latter two employed the term of cultural *** 1966 proclamation included antiquities that were dated prior to 1850 EC,while the 1989 proclamation removed this cutoff date and expounded upon the definition of *** 2000 proclamation replaced the term antiquity with cultural heritage and introduced the concept of intangible cultural *** terms of the management of cultural heritage,the differences between the 1989 and 2000 proclamations are quite *** 2014 proclamation attempted to classify cultural heritage into national and regional cultural *** also defined important components of intangible cultural *** management of cultural heritage exhibits some evolution from the first to the last ***,due to the diversified nature of cultural heritage conceptualisation and management,it will be important for additional legislation to be issued separately for movable,immovable and intangible cultural heritage,for *** study argues that strong legal and institutional frameworks should be established to properly protect,conserve and study cultural heritage.

关键词： conceptualisation management cultural heritage proclamations Ethiopia

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Feeding prehistoric coastal community:A study of marine faunal remains at the Jingtoushan site

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science China Earth sciences 2024年第5期67卷 1574-1590页

作者： Endong WU Guoping SUN Ying ZHANG School of Culture History and LanguageAustralian National UniversityCanberra 2600Australia Zhejiang Provincial institute of cultural Relics and Archaeology Hangzhou 310012China National Centre for Archaeology Beijing 100013China

This article examines the abundant marine mollusc,and fish remains at the Jingtoushan shell midden(8,300 to7,800 cal a BP)in Zhejiang Province,China,to investigate the fishing economy,community development,the palaeoenvironment,and their interactions among the prehistoric populations in the lower Yangtze River Basin and southeastern coastal *** also attempts to explore the prosperity and decline of coastal settlements in China during the Neolithic Age and the potential reasons for their rise and fall,*** on the ecological and biological principles of marine animals,standard zooarchaeological methods and radiocarbon dating analysis are used for sampling,identification,measurement,and *** show that at least 11 mollusc taxa and 14 fish taxa can be identified from the Jingtoushan faunal *** ancient Jingtoushan residents possibly lived in a settlement close to the coast and engaged in inshore and offshore fishing,hunting,and gathering as their primary subsistence strategies,with low-level rice cultivation as a supplementary means of ***,the changes in the coastal environment could be one of the reasons why the Jingtoushan residents abandoned their *** research contributes to Chinese Neolithic archaeology with new evidence of the exploitation of marine resources around 8000 a BP in the eastern coastal areas and the relationship between Neolithic community development and environmental changes.

关键词： Neolithic Age Marine faunal remains Fishing economy Palaeoenvironment Community development

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Status and trends in the stability of the three largest ice shelves in Antarctica

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science China Earth sciences 2024年第8期67卷 2615-2632页

作者： Rongxing LI Guojun LI Lu AN Menglian XIA Da LV Yuan CHENG Aiguo ZHAO Tian CHANG Xiangbin CUI Shengkai ZHANG Shijie LIU Yixiang TIAN Weian WANG Center for Spatial Information science and Sustainable Development Applications Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China College of Surveying and Geo-informatics Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Postdoctoral Research Station of Shanghai Surveying and Mapping institute Shanghai 200063China Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities Shanghai 200063China institute for Conservation of cultural heritage School of Cultural Heritage and Information ManagementShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Polar Research institute of China Shanghai 200136China Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430079China

The Ross,Filchner-Ronne,and Amery ice shelves are the three largest ice shelves in Antarctica,playing a crucial role in supporting the Antarctic ice ***,current studies on the stability of the three largest ice shelves primarily focus on singular or limited factors,lacking a comprehensive assessment of multiple *** systematically and in-depth study the stability and trend of the three largest ice shelves,we comprehensively collected and analyzed key parameters,including elevation changes,basal melting,surface meltwater,major rifts propagation rate,suture zones,ice front area change rate,grounding lines,ice velocity,and mass ***,we selected the collapsed Larsen B Ice Shelf(LBIS),the rapidly changing and structurally weakened Pine Island Ice Shelf(PIIS),and the accelerating Totten Ice Shelf(TIS)as reference ice *** comparing and analyzing the key parameters between these reference ice shelves and the three largest ice shelves,we find the status and trends in the stability of the *** findings reveal that most key parameters of the three largest ice shelves present relatively minor variations compared to those of the reference ice ***,50%of the parameters are smaller than those of the accelerating TIS,88%are smaller than those of the rapidly changing PIIS,and all parameters are smaller than those of the collapsed ***,after analyzing parameters that are not smaller than those of the TIS,it is observed that they remain in a stable ***,the three largest ice shelves are currently undergoing natural changes that do not threaten their stability in the short ***,the evolution of the ice shelves under global climate change remains uncertain,making long-term observation and monitoring essential to assess their impact on sea level rise.

关键词： Three largest ice shelves in Antarctica Key parameters Remote sensing monitoring Ice shelf stability Sea level change

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Low-latitude hydroclimate changes related to paleomagnetic variations during the Holocene in coastal southern China

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Frontiers of Earth science 2024年第2期18卷 324-335页

作者： Tingwei ZHANG Xiaoqiang YANG Jian YIN Qiong CHEN Jianfang HU Lu WANG Mengshan JU Qiangqiang WANG School of Earth science and Engineering/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards/Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China institute of cultural heritage Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China College of Urban and Environmental sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

The variations in precipitation have displayed a complex pattern in different regions since the *** formation processes may have a significant impact on precipitation,especially during the tropical marine processes and summer monsoon which convey abundant water vapor to coastal southern China and inland ***,we use two 7500 year sedimentary records from the Pearl River Delta and the closed Maar Lake,respectively,in coastal southern China to reconstruct the mid-to-late-Holocene humidity variability and explore its possible relationship with cloud cover modulated by the Earth’s magnetic fields(EMF).Our proxy records document an apparent increase in wetness in coastal southern China between 3.0 and 1.8 kyr *** apparent increase in humidity appears to be consistent with the lower virtual axial dipole moments and,in turn,with a lower *** correlation suggests that the EMF might have been superimposed on the weakened monsoon to regulate the mid-to-late-Holocene hydroclimate in coastal southern China through the medium of galactic cosmic rays,aerosols,and cloud ***,further investigations are needed to verify this interaction.

关键词： hydroclimate variations Earth’s magnetic field coastal southern China the Holocene epoch

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Development of Guangxi' s Tourism Economy During Chinese New Year

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China & The World cultural Exchange 2024年第4期 30-33页

作者： Liu Xiongsheng Xu Xiaoming Guangxi Intangible cultural heritage Protection Center

Through a variety of folk customs and festivals,Guangxi makes full use of the national Intangible cultural heritage(ICH)to develop local folk *** by the Beibu Gulf in the south and the Southwest in the west,Guangxi is an important gateway for China's opening up to the outside *** the only ethnic minority autonomous region with advantages along the coast,along the river and along the border.

关键词： outside autonomous gateway

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Agronomic performances of biodegradable and non-biodegradable plastic film mulching on a maize cropping system in the semi-arid Loess Plateau,China

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 88-96页

作者： Hao ZHANG Mengqiong CHEN Ruiquan QIAO Fan DING Hao FENG Rui JIANG Research Center for cultural Landscape Protection and Ecological Restoration China-Portugal Belt and Road Cooperation Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Conservation ScienceGold Mantis School of ArchitectureSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China Ministry of AgricultureCollege of Natural Resources and EnvironmentNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China College of Land and Environment Shenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyang 110866China institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

Biodegradable plastic film mulch (PFM) is considered an alternative to non-biodegradable PFM to mitigate the negative impacts of residual ***,the agronomic performance of biodegradable PFM in comparison to non-biodegradable PFM still needs to be *** this study,we evaluated the effects of biodegradable and non-biodegradable PFM on soil physicochemical properties,microbial community,and enzyme activities,as well as maize growth *** and non-biodegradable PFM both increased soil temperature,water content,N content,and microbial biomass and maize yield by up to 30%,but decreased soil enzyme activities as compared to no mulching (control,CK).Most soil physicochemical properties,microbial community,and enzyme activities were similar under non-biodegradable and biodegradable PFM at the early stages of maize ***,at the late stages,soil temperature,water content,mineral N,NO_(3)^(-)-N,ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) activity,and total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) decreased under biodegradable PFM owing to film *** PFM increased soil temperature,water content,and total PLFAs at the early stages of maize growth but decreased soil mineral N and total PLFAs at the late stages,as compared to black *** soil temperature and N availability were the major factors affecting soil microbial community,microbial activity decreased after the fragmentation of biodegradable PFM,owing to the decreased soil temperature,water content,and mineral ***,biodegradable PFM could decrease NO_(3)^(-)-N accumulation in topsoil by decreasing N transformation due to the lower microbial and N-related enzyme (e.g.,AMO) activities,compared with non-biodegradable PFM,which may avoid negative environmental impacts,such as NO_(3)^(-)-N leaching or gas emission after *** yield,height,aboveground biomass,and N uptake under biodegradable PFM were similar to those under non-biodegradable PFM during maize growth,implying that biodegrad

关键词： black plastic film mulching enzyme activity film fragmentation microbial community phospholipid fatty acid white plastic film mulching

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Ancient DNA unravels species identification from Laosicheng site,Hunan Province,China,and provides insights into maternal genetic history of East Asian leopards

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 226-229页

作者： Ming Zhang Cai-Hui Wang Yu-Xin Zheng Qi-Gao Jiangzuo Ye-Mao Hou Peng Cao Qing-Yan Dai Ruo-Wei Yang Feng Liu Xiao-Tian Feng Lin-Heng Mo Qiao-Mei Fu China-Central Asia"the Belt and Road"Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and ConservationSchool of Culture HeritageNorthwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710127China Shanghai Qi Zhi institute Shanghai 200232China College of Life sciences Northwest UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710127China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyCenter for Excellence in Life and PaleoenvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China cultural Relics and Archaeology institute of Hunan ChangshaHunan 410083China University of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

DEAR EDITOR,The Laosicheng site in Yongshun County,Hunan Province,China,plays an important role in elucidating the animal population composition of the region prior to the middle Qing Dynasty(approximately 300 years ago).This site has yielded a substantial number of animal bones,11960 of which have been identified to the species level,serving as direct evidence of ancient animal populations(Hunan Provincial institute of cultural Relics and Archaeology,2018).

关键词： Hunan Ancient insight

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Bibliometric analysis of the status and trend of biological soil crusts research from 1912 to 2023

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Research in Cold and Arid Regions 2024年第2期16卷 98-108页

作者： XiaoJu Yang FaSi Wu Long Li QingLin Guo ZongRen Yu SongCong Chen XueYong Zhao Naiman Desertification Research Station Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouGansu 730000China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites Dunhuang AcademyDunhuangGansu 736200China Gansu Provincial Research Center for Conservation of Dunhuang cultural heritage DunhuangGansu 736200China cultural heritage Conservation and Design Consulting Co. Ltd.of Mogao GrottoesDunhuangGansu 736200China

Biological soil crusts(BSCs)play an important role in soil development and ecological function,and it is more important for quantitatively analyzing the processes and trends of BSCs to identify the advantages and disadvantages of BSCs research for the development and application of BSCs *** analysis of 2,186 BSCs literatures from Web of science showed an exponential growth trend,as China and the United States as the top 2 in terms of publication *** quality publications are mainly from European and American countries,such as the United States,Germany and *** top 3 publishers are Journal of Arid Environments,Soil Biology&Biochemistry and Plant and Soil,and disciplines include ecology,environmental science,and soil science,etc..Research institutions mainly affiliate to the Chinese Academy of sciences,United States Department of the Interior,United States Geological Survey,Hebrew University of Jerusalem,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas,and Universidad Rey Juan *** mainly come from United States,Israel,Spain and *** are mainly from the National Natural science Foundation of China,Spanish Government,Chinese Academy of sciences,and National science Foundation of the United *** soil crusts(biocrusts,cyanobacteria,lichens,moss crusts,bryophytes),drylands,climate change,photosynthesis and desert are high-frequency *** research will focus on the driving mechanisms of BSCs on global biogeochemical cycles,maintaining global biodiversity on important ecological processes,global C,N,and P *** impact on biological invasion,sandstorms,and water balance,multifunctional and reciprocal mechanisms for maintaining the stability of desert and sandy ecosystems,and impact on the formulation of management policies for arid ecosystems,corresponding to global climate change,and the estimation of regional,local,and microscale distribution of BSCs based on machine deep learning modeling gradually fo

关键词： Biological soil crusts Bibliometric analysis Web of science CiteSpace VOSviewer

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