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Characterization of fungal pathogens associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Arkansas and Missouri

Fungal Diversity 2012年第1期52卷 169-189页

作者： Jose Ramon Urbez-Torres Francesca Peduto R.K.Striegler K.E.Urrea-Romero J.C.Rupe R.D.Cartwright W.D.Gubler Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre 4200 Highway 97Box 5000SummerlandBC V0H1Z0Canada Department of Plant Pathology University of California DavisDavisCA 95616USA institute for continental climate viticulture&enology University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

Grapevine trunk diseases are a major concern to the wine-and table-grape industries worldwide,limiting both vineyard longevity and *** surveys conducted throughout the grape-growing regions of Arkansas and Missouri revealed the presence of three economically important grapevine trunk diseases including,Botryosphaeria canker,Eutypa dieback and *** studies along with multi-gene phylogenetical analyses confirmed the identification of 15 different fungal taxa associated with different vascular *** include Botryosphaeria dothidea,Diatrypella sp.,Diplodia seriata,Dothiorella americana,Eutypa lata,Eutypella vitis,Lasiodiplodia missouriana,Lasiodiplodia viticola,Neofusicoccum ribis,Neofusicoccum vitifusiforme,Pestalotiopsis sp.,Pestalotiopsis uvicola,Phaeomoniella chlamydospora,Phomopsis viticola,Schyzophyllum commune,and Togninia *** of these represent new records on grapevines in Arkansas and *** americana,*** and *** are described as new species,and both *** and *** are first reported as grapevine pathogens in North ***’s postulates confirmed the pathogenicity of all fungal species except *** in the interspecific hybrids Vignoles,Chambourcin,Norton,and *** spp.,***,and *** were the most virulent fungi,while ***,*** and *** were considered to be weak *** research highlights the importance that grapevine trunk diseases have on grapevine health in growing regions where,due to different climatological conditions,interspecific hybrid cultivars are predominantly grown.

关键词： Botryosphaeriaceae Canker Diatrypaceae Eutypa dieback Esca Grape hybrid Multi-gene phylogeny Phomopsis viticola Vitis vinifera

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Tropical storm-forced near-inertial energy dissipation in the southeast continental shelf region of Hainan Island

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Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第8期57卷 1879-1884页

作者： ZHANG ShuWen XIE LingLing ZHAO Hui HOU YiJun Guangdong Key Lab. of climate Resource and Environment in Continental Shelf Sea and Deep SeaCollege of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean University institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Near-inertial motion is an important dynamic process in the upper ocean and plays a significant role in mass, heat, and energy transport across the thermocline. In this study, the dissipation of wind-induced near-inertial energy in the thermocline is investigated by using observation data collected in July and August 2005 during the tropical storm Washi by a moored system at(19°35′N, 112°E) in the continental shelf region off Hainan Island. In the observation period, the near-inertial part dominated the observed ocean kinetic energy and about 80% of the near-inertial energy dissipated in the upper layer. Extremely strong turbulent mixing induced by near-inertial wave was observed in the thermocline, where the turbulent energy dissipation rate increased by two orders of magnitude above the background level. It is found that the energy loss of near-inertial waves in the thermocline is mainly in the large-scales. This is different from the previous hypothesis based on "Kolmogorov cascade" turbulence theory that the kinetic energy is dissipated mainly by small-scale motions.

关键词： tropical storm Washi continental shelf region of Hainan Island near-inertial energy dissipation in thermocline

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Expanding the Wilson Cycle Based on Worldwide Comparison of continental Structures Revealed by Lithospheric Geophysical Investigations

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第2期89卷 327-331页

作者： YANG Wencai State key Lab of continental Tectonics and Dynamics Institute of GeologyCAGS

Worldwide comparison of lithospheric investigation results achieved from projects of COCORP, BIRPS, DEKORP, LITHOPROBE, ICDP, ECORS and SINOPROBE enables us to expand the classical Wilson cycle, which mainly describes evolution of ocean plates, into a complete and detailed cycle that describes generation, development and evolution of both ocean and continent plates. The expanded Wilson cycle presented in this paper introduces the evolution sequences of continental lithospheric processes by adding into the classical Wilson cycle with ocean-continent transition, continental collision and accretion, as well as continental rifting and splitting in details. These mentioned continental lithospheric processes have been presented by the author in a series of recent review papers in detail, and their summary and further deduction is presented in this paper.

关键词： plate tectonics Wilson cycle worldwide comparison lithospheric investigation tectonicprocess ocean-continent transition continental accretion

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The Major Two-stage Shortening Deformation of the Northern Tibet and Tian Shan Area Since the Latest Oligocene

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第5期89卷 1546-1560页

作者： LU Haijian LI Haibing LIU Dongliang State Key Laboratory of continental Tectonics and Dynamics Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

It seems to be progressively recognized that the stress of the India-Asia convergent front can be transferred rapidly through the southern and central Tibetan lithosphere to the northern Tibet, hence leading to the crustal thickening deformation there during or immediately after the onset of the India-Asia collision（ca.55 Ma）.This study focuses on the late Cenozoic deformation and tectonic uplift of the northern Tibet and Tian Shan *** compilations of a variety of proxy data from sediments and bedrocks suggest that the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area underwent one stage of approximately synchronous widespread contractile deformation since 25–20 Ma, which seemed to decrease at circa 18 Ma as revealed by low-temperature thermochronological *** latest Oligocene-early Miocene was also significant basin-forming episodes when many intermontane subbasins began to receive syntectonic sedimentation in the northeastern ***, the other phase of compressional deformation began to encroach more widely into the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area in episodic steps or continuously from 16–12 Ma to present.

关键词： shortening deformation the northern Tibet the Tian Shan area the latest Oligocene

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Genetic causes of oil-rich and oil-poor reservoirs: Implications from two Cenozoic basins in the eastern North China Craton

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第12期61卷 1910-1931页

作者： Chiyang LIU Lei HUANG Dongdong ZHANG Junfeng ZHAO Yu DENG Pei GUO Yijian HUANG &Jianqiang WANG State Key Laboratory of continental Dynamics &institute of Oil and Gas Basin Northwest UniversityXi'an 710069China

The Bohai Bay and Hehuai(southern North China) rift basins in the eastern part of the North China Craton are southnorth-adjacent. They have shown synchronous evolutionary processes, and possess generally identical superficial and shallow structural characteristics as well as similar basin areas. However, there is a large difference in the richness of oil resources between the two basins. The Bohai Bay Basin has extremely abundant oil reserves, while commercial oil reserves have not been found in the Hehuai Basin. The deep tectonic structures, magmatic activities, and modern and paleo-geothermal fields of the two basins are significantly different. Compared with the Hehuai Basin, the Bohai Bay Basin has a thinner crust and more complex structure with multiple low-velocity layers. It is also characterized by intense magmatic activity, high modern and paleogeothermal fields, frequent seismic activity, and active deep interactions, small effective elastic thickness of the isotropic lithosphere, and shorter balanced transformation wavelength of the lithosphere with a high likelihood of local compensation. The Hehuai Basin has a simple deep structure and homogeneous crustal composition, with a high likelihood of regional compensation. The characteristics of the deep structures mentioned above are generally similar to those of the southern part of the stable Ordos Basin, except for the smaller crust thickness. This indicates the presence of differences in Mesozoic destruction between the southern and northern zones in the eastern part of the North China Craton. The northern zone was subjected to significant destruction, while the southern zone was subjected to modifications, primarily in the form of local changes in the structures and/or properties of the crust or lithospheric mantle, with the overall structure and stability of the craton kept intact. The formation of high-quality source rock is primarily influenced by the abnormal flourishment of organisms in water bodies

关键词： Genetic causes of oil-rich and oil-poor reservoirs Bohai Bay Basin Hehuai Basin Destruction of North China Craton Deep processes High-quality source rock formation

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Early Jurassic Soft-Sediment Deformation Interpreted as Seismites in the Wuqia Pull-Apart Basin and the Strike-Slip Talas-Ferghana Fault, Xinjiang, China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第3期87卷 730-737页

作者： QIAO Xiufu GUO Xianpu State Key Laboratory of continental Tectonics and Dynamics institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

The early Jurassic soft-sediment deformation occurring within lacustrine sandstone is distributed mainly in the Wuqia region of SW Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, western China. Triggered by earthquakes, such deformation was found to occur in three beds overlying the lower Jurassic Kangsu Formation. The main styles of deformation structures comprise load cast, ball-and- pillow, droplet, cusps, homogeneous layer, and liquefied unconformity. The deformation layers reflect a series of three strong earthquakes at the end of early Jurassic in the Wuqia region. The differences of deformation mechanisms undergone might represent the varying magnitudes of the earthquake events. During the early Jurassic, the Wuqia region was located in a pull-apart basin controlled by the significant Talas-Ferghana strike-slip fault in central Asia, which initiated the soft-sediment deformation induced by earthquakes. Our research suggests that the paleoseismic magnitudes could have ranged from Ms 6.5 to 7.

关键词： Early Jurassic seismicity load droplet liquefied unconformity Talas-Ferghana fault Xinjiang

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Advances and Overview of the Study on Paleo-earthquake Events: A Review of Seismites

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第5期89卷 1702-1706,I0009,I0010,1707-1746页

作者： HE Bizhu QIAO Xiufu State Key Laboratory of continental Tectonics and Dynamics Institute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological Sciences

The distribution and formation mechanisms of typical identified seismites are analyzed based on various factors from plate tectonic positions, types of sedimentary basins and properties of seismogenic faults to focal ***, structural styles, reserved positions, activity times, formation mechanisms and dynamics of soft-sediment deformation structures triggered by seismic activity are systematically *** to the genetic types of seismites, we propose 5 categories, including liquefied deformation, thixotropic deformation, hydroplastic deformation, superimposed gravity driving deformation and brittle ***, based on the main genetic types, composition of sediments and deformation styles, we draw up 35 secondary *** determine paleo-seismic sequences in different times, activities of seismogenic faults, high-resolution tectonic events in one main tectonic movement and paleo-tectonic settings, and to understand the inducing mechanisms of paleo-earthquakes and ecologic environment evolution, researching on seismites are of great *** multiple approaches to identify the paleoearthquake records, simulating experiments on various soft-sediment deformation structures triggered by different magnitudes of shocking, dating precisely on paleo-seismic events, impacting on paleogeography and biological environment and on energy and resources domain are the frontiers of paleoseismic research.

关键词： soft-sediment deformation structure formation mechanism seismites classification paleo-seismicity history and frontier

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Distinctive Scleritome with Marginal Tubercles of a New Palaeoscolecid Worm from the Shipai Fauna(Cambrian Epoch 2) at Three Gorges, South China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第3期90卷 807-817页

作者： YANG Yuning ZHANG Xingliang State Key Laboratory of continental Dynamics Early Life Institute and Department of GeologyNorthwest University

SEM analysis of trunk ornamentation on a compressed palaeoscolecid fossil from the Shipai fauna, Cambrian Series 2 and Stage 4 at Three Gorges, South China, allows a reassignment of the material to a new taxon, Sanxiascolex papillogyrus gen. et sp. nov. The preserved body is entirely annulated. Each annulus is ornamented by four rows of irregularly alternating plates and each plate bears numerous tubercles at the marginal region and a variable number （zero to six） of nodes at its central part. These features are unique among known palaeoscolecids. Comparative analyses with other compressed palaeoscolecid macrofossils and phosphatized material on the pattern of trunk ornamentation indicates that a detailed examination of the cuticle ornament weighs heavily in analyses of their taxonomic distinctions. A similar sclerite pattern to that of S. papillogyrus has been found in some phosphatized palaeoscolecid cuticle fragments as well as in isolated sclerites. The upper series of nodes and tubercles of these sclerites suggest an accretional mode of sclerite growth. The considerable variation in node number observed across the plates of S. papillogyrus demonstrates that phosphatic palaeoscolecid taxonomy based on relatively minor variations in the number of selerite nodes should perhaps be reconsidered. As the origins of the phosphatized specimens are quite diverse, a large variety of isolated sclerites from the Early Palaeozoic may not reflect actual biodiversity.

关键词： Palaeoscolecida Sanxiascolex papillogyrus Cambrian Shipai fauna Three Gorges area South China

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Oxygen Requirements for the Cambrian Explosion

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Journal of Earth Science 2016年第2期27卷 187-195页

作者： Xingliang Zhang Linhao Cui Early Life institute and State Key Laboratory of continental Dynamics Department of Geology Northwest University

Hypoxic tolerance experiments may be helpful to constrain the oxygen requirement for animal evolution. Based on literature review, available data demonstrate that fishes are more sensitive to hypoxia than crustaceans and echinoderms, which in turn are more sensitive than annelids, whilst mollusks are the least sensitive. Mortalities occur where O_2 concentrations are below 2.0 mg/L, equivalent to saturation with oxygen content about 25% PAL（present atmospheric level）. Therefore, the minimal oxygen requirement for maintaining animal diversity since Cambrian is determined as 25% PAL. The traditional view is that a rise in atmospheric oxygen concentrations led to the oxygenation of the ocean, thus triggering the evolution of animals. Geological and geochemical studies suggest a constant increase of the oxygen level and a contraction of anoxic oceans during Ediacaran-Cambrian transition when the world oceans experienced a rapid diversification of metazoan lineages. However, fossil first appearances of animal phyla are obviously asynchronous and episodic, showing a sequence as： basal metazoans〉lophotrochozoans〉ecdysozoans and deuterostomes. According to hitherto known data of fossil record and hypoxic sensitivity of animals, the appearance sequence of different animals is broadly consistent with their hypoxic sensitivity： animals like molluscs and annelids that are less sensitive to hypoxia appeared earlier, while animals like echinoderms and fishes that are more sensitive to hypoxia came later. Therefore, it is very likely that the appearance order of animals is corresponding to the increasing oxygen level and/or the contraction of anoxic oceans during Ediacaran-Cambrian transition.

关键词： oxygenation Cambrian explosion metazoan lineages divergence fossil firstappearance.

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Unusual Mantle Mineral Group from Chromitite Orebody Cr-11 in Luobusa Ophiolite of Yarlung-Zangbo Suture Zone, Tibet

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2009年第2期20卷 284-302页

作者：徐向珍杨经绥陈松永方青松白文吉巴登珠 Key Laboratory for continental Dynamics of the Ministry of Land and Resources Tibet Center for Continental DynamicsInstitute of GeologyChinese Academy of Geological Sciences The Second Field Team Geology Bureau of Xizang

A wide variety of unusual mantle has been reported from podiform chromitite orebodies Cr-31 and Cr-74 in the Luobusa （罗布莎） ophiolite, Tibet. A detailed investigation of chromitite ore- body Cr-ll, located in the Kangjinla （康金拉） district at the eastern end of the ophiolite, has revealed many of the same minerals, including diamond, moissanite, and some native elements, alloys, oxides, sulphides, silicates, carbonates, and tungstates. This orebody is particularly rich in diamonds, with over 1 000 grains recovered from about 1 100 kg sample of chromitite. More detailed studies and experiments are needed to understand the origin and significance of these unusual minerals because they have not been found in situ. It is a great breakthrough in mineralogical research that we have picked up more than 40 kinds of minerals from the Kangjinla chromite deposit in Luobusa. It is notable that a large amount of diamonds were firstly discovered from the Kangjinla chromite deposit as well as many other unusual minerals, such as moissanites, rutiles, native irons, and metal alloys. Especially, that diamond was found again in different chromitites in the same ophiolite belt provided new key evidence for discussing the origin of the diamond and the hosted chromitite and ophiolite. The mantle mineral group in Tibet has great significance in mineralogy and geodynamics.

关键词： diamond chromitite Kangjinla Luobusa Tibet.

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