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An all-metallic nanovesicle for hydrogen oxidation

National Science Review 2024年第6期11卷 233-242页

作者： Juntao Zhang Lujie Jin Hao Sun Xiaozhi Liu Yujin Ji Youyong Li Wei Liu Dong Su Xuerui Liu Zhongbin Zhuang Zhiwei Hu Qi Shao Xiaoqing Huang State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(IKKEM) Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education National &Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology School of Materials Science and EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications Henan University institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials(FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials& Devices Soochow University State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing National Laboratory for condensed matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Lab of Organic-Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Max Planck institute for Chemical Physics of Solids College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University

Vesicle, a microscopic unit that encloses a volume with an ultrathin wall, is ubiquitous in ***, it remains a huge challenge to create its inorganic metal-based artificial counterparts. Here,inspired by the formation of biological vesicles, we proposed a novel biomimetic strategy of curling the ultrathin nanosheets into nanovesicles, which was driven by the interfacial strain. Trapped by the interfacial strain between the initially formed substrate Rh layer and subsequently formed RhRu overlayer, the nanosheet begins to deform in order to release a certain amount of strain. Density functional theory（DFT）calculations reveal that the Ru atoms make the curling of nanosheets more favorable in thermodynamics applications. Owing to the unique vesicular structure, the RhRu nanovesicles/C displays excellent hydrogen oxidation reaction（HOR） activity and stability, which has been proven by both experiments and DFT calculations. Specifically, the HOR mass activity of RhRu nanovesicles/C are 7.52 A mg（Rh+Ru）-1at an overpotential of 50 m V at the rotating disk electrode（RDE） level; this is 24.19 times that of commercial Pt/C(0.31 m A mgPt-1). Moreover, the hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell（HEMFC） with RhRu nanovesicles/C displays a peak power density of 1.62 W cm-2in the H2-O2condition, much better than that of commercial Pt/C(1.18 W cm-2). This work creates a new biomimetic strategy to synthesize inorganic nanomaterials, paving a pathway for designing catalytic reactors.

关键词： biomimetic synthesis nanovesicle interfacial strain hydrogen oxidation reaction

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Leveraging generative adversarial networks to create realistic scanning transmission electron microscopy images

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1492-1500页

作者： Abid Khan Chia-Hao Lee Pinshane Y.Huang Bryan K.Clark Department of Physics University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA institute for condensed matter theory and iquist and ncsa center for artificial intelligence innovation University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

The rise of automation and machine learning(ML)in electron microscopy has the potential to revolutionize materials research through autonomous data collection and processing.A significant challenge lies in developing ML models that rapidly generalize to large data sets under varying experimental *** address this by employing a cycle generative adversarial network(CycleGAN)with a reciprocal space discriminator,which augments simulated data with realistic spatial frequency *** allows the CycleGAN to generate images nearly indistinguishable from real data and provide labels for ML *** showcase our approach by training a fully convolutional network(FCN)to identify single atom defects in a 4.5 million atom data set,collected using automated acquisition in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope(STEM).Our method produces adaptable FCNs that can adjust to dynamically changing experimental variables with minimal intervention,marking a crucial step towards fully autonomous harnessing of microscopy big data.

关键词： autonomous adjust network

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Brillouin Klein space and half-turn space in three-dimensional acoustic crystals

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2050-2058页

作者： Zhenxiao Zhu Linyun Yang Jien Wu Yan Meng Xiang Xi Bei Yan Jingming Chen Jiuyang Lu Xueqin Huang Weiyin Deng Ce Shang Perry Ping Shum Yihao Yang Hongsheng Chen Kexin Xiang Gui-Geng Liu Zhengyou Liu Zhen Gao State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China School of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China Key Laboratory of artificial Micro-and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST) Physical Science and Engineering Division(PSE)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical InstrumentationZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation CenterCollege of Information Science and Electronic EngineeringZJU-UIUC InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

The Bloch band theory and Brillouin zone(BZ)that characterize wave-like behaviors in periodic mediums are two cornerstones of contemporary physics,ranging from condensed matter to topological *** theoretical breakthrough revealed that,under the projective symmetry algebra enforced by artificial gauge fields,the usual two-dimensional(2D)BZ(orientable Brillouin two-torus)can be fundamentally modified to a non-orientable Brillouin Klein bottle with radically distinct manifold ***,the physical consequence of artificial gauge fields on the more general three-dimensional(3D)BZ(orientable Brillouin three-torus)was so far ***,we theoretically discovered and experimentally observed that the fundamental domain and topology of the usual 3D BZ can be reduced to a non-orientable Brillouin Klein space or an orientable Brillouin half-turn space in a 3D acoustic crystal with artificial gauge *** experimentally identify peculiar 3D momentum-space non-symmorphic screw rotation and glide reflection symmetries in the measured band ***,we experimentally demonstrate a novel stacked weak Klein bottle insulator featuring a nonzero Z2 topological invariant and self-collimated topological surface states at two opposite surfaces related by a nonlocal twist,radically distinct from all previous 3D topological *** discovery not only fundamentally modifies the fundamental domain and topology of 3D BZ,but also opens the door towards a wealth of previously overlooked momentum-space multidimensional manifold topologies and novel gaugesymmetry-enriched topological physics and robust acoustic wave manipulations beyond the existing paradigms.

关键词： Momentum-space non-symmorphic symmetry Brillouin Klein space and half-turn space Acoustic Klein bottle insulator Self-collimated topological surface states

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Density Functional theory of Composite Fermions

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Chinese Physics Letters 2015年第3期32卷 105-108页

作者：张银寒施均仁 Beijing National Laboratory for condensed matter Physics and Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 International center for Quantum Materials Peking University Beijing 100871 Collaborative innovation center of Quantum matter Beijing 100871

We construct a density functional theory for two-dimensional electron （hole） gases subjected to both strong magnetic fields and external potentials. In particular, we are focused on regimes near even-denominator filling factors, in which the systems form composite fermion liquids. Our theory provides a systematic and rigorous approach to determine the properties of ground states in a fractional quantum Hall regime that is modified by artificial structures. We also propose a practical way to construct an approximated functional.

关键词： Density Functional theory of Composite Fermions

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Universal materials model of deep-learning density functional theory Hamiltonian

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Science Bulletin 2024年第16期69卷 2514-2521页

作者： Yuxiang Wang Yang Li Zechen Tang He Li Zilong Yuan Honggeng Tao Nianlong Zou Ting Bao Xinghao Liang Zezhou Chen Shanghua Xu Ce Bian Zhiming Xu Chong Wang Chen Si Wenhui Duan Yong Xu State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China institute for Advanced Study Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Frontier Science center for Quantum Information Beijing 100084China RIKEN center for Emergent matter Science(CEMS) Wako 351-0198Japan School of Materials Science and Engineering Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China

Realizing large materials models has emerged as a critical endeavor for materials research in the new era of artificial intelligence,but how to achieve this fantastic and challenging objective remains ***,we propose a feasible pathway to address this paramount pursuit by developing universal materials models of deep-learning density functional theory Hamiltonian(Deep H),enabling computational modeling of the complicated structure-property relationship of materials in *** constructing a large materials database and substantially improving the Deep H method,we obtain a universal materials model of Deep H capable of handling diverse elemental compositions and material structures,achieving remarkable accuracy in predicting material *** further showcase a promising application of fine-tuning universal materials models for enhancing specific materials *** work not only demonstrates the concept of Deep H's universal materials model but also lays the groundwork for developing large materials models,opening up significant opportunities for advancing artificial intelligencedriven materials discovery.

关键词： Large materials model Universal materials model Deep-learning density functional theory artificial intelligence-driven materials discovery

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Enhanced exciton diffusion from interlayer charge-transfer transitions in PtSe2/MoSe_(2) van der Waals heterojunction

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Nano Research 2023年第11期16卷 12809-12816页

作者： Jiarong Wang Dawei He Zhiying Bai Guili Li Jinxuan Bai Keqin Liu Fangying Ren Xiaojing Liu Jiaqi He Weiya Zhou Jianlin Sun Yongsheng Wang Xiaoxian Zhang Yuchao Yang Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information Ministry of EducationInstitute of Optoelectronic TechnologyBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Beijing Advanced innovation center for Integrated Circuits School of Integrated CircuitsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Electronic and Computer Engineering Peking UniversityShenzhen 518055China center for Brain Inspired Chips Institute for Artificial IntelligenceFrontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China center for Brain Inspired intelligence Chinese Institute for Brain Research(CIBR)Beijing 102206China College of Mathematics and Physics Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Beijing National Laboratory for condensed matter Physics institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

artificial van der Waals(vdWs)heterostructures offer unprecedented opportunities to explore and reveal novel synergistic electronic and optical phenomena,which are beneficial for the development of novel optoelectronic devices at atomic ***,due to the damage caused by the device fabrication process,their inherent properties such as carrier mobility are obscured,which hinders the improvement of device performance and the incorporation of vdWs materials into next-generation integrated ***,combining pump-probe spectroscopic and scanning probe microscopic techniques,the intrinsic optoelectronic properties of PtSe_(2)/MoSe_(2)heterojunction were nondestructively and systematically *** heterojunction exhibits a broad-spectrum optical response and maintains ultrafast carrier dynamics(interfacial charge transfer~0.8 ps and carrier lifetime~38.2 ps)*** in-plane exciton diffusion coefficient of the heterojunction was extracted(19.4±7.6 cm^(2)∙s^(−1)),and its exciton mobility as high as 756.8 cm^(2)∙V−1∙s^(−1)was deduced,exceeding the value of its *** enhancement was attributed to the formation of an n-type Schottky junction between PtSe_(2)and MoSe_(2),and its built-in electric field assisted the ultrafast transfer of photogenerated carriers from MoSe_(2)to PtSe_(2),enhancing the in-plane exciton diffusion of the *** results demonstrate that PtSe_(2)/MoSe_(2)is suitable for the development of broadspectrum and sensitive optoelectronic ***,the results contribute to a fundamental understanding of the performance of various optoelectronic devices based on such PtSe_(2)two-dimensional(2D)heterostructures.

关键词： van der Waals heterostructures ultrafast carrier dynamics exciton diffusion pump-probe spectroscopy scanning probe microscopy

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三维声子晶体中的布里渊克莱因空间和半旋转空间（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期 2050-2058页

作者：朱震霄杨林运吴吉恩孟岩郗翔颜贝陈景明陆久阳黄学勤邓伟胤尚策沈平杨怡豪陈红胜向柯鑫刘癸庚刘正猷高振 State Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber and Cable Manufacture Technology Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology School of Physics and Optoelectronics South China University of Technology Key Laboratory of artificial Micro-and Nanostructures of Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology Wuhan University King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE) Interdisciplinary center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Science and Technology Innovation CenterCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering ZJU-UIUC Institute Zhejiang University Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University

The Bloch band theory and Brillouin zone（BZ） that characterize wave-like behaviors in periodic mediums are two cornerstones of contemporary physics, ranging from condensed matter to topological *** theoretical breakthrough revealed that, under the projective symmetry algebra enforced by artificial gauge fields, the usual two-dimensional（2D） BZ（orientable Brillouin two-torus） can be fundamentally modified to a non-orientable Brillouin Klein bottle with radically distinct manifold ***, the physical consequence of artificial gauge fields on the more general three-dimensional（3D） BZ（orientable Brillouin three-torus） was so far missing. Here, we theoretically discovered and experimentally observed that the fundamental domain and topology of the usual 3D BZ can be reduced to a non-orientable Brillouin Klein space or an orientable Brillouin half-turn space in a 3D acoustic crystal with artificial gauge fields. We experimentally identify peculiar 3D momentum-space non-symmorphic screw rotation and glide reflection symmetries in the measured band structures. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate a novel stacked weak Klein bottle insulator featuring a nonzero Z2topological invariant and self-collimated topological surface states at two opposite surfaces related by a nonlocal twist, radically distinct from all previous 3D topological insulators. Our discovery not only fundamentally modifies the fundamental domain and topology of 3D BZ, but also opens the door towards a wealth of previously overlooked momentum-space multidimensional manifold topologies and novel gaugesymmetry-enriched topological physics and robust acoustic wave manipulations beyond the existing paradigms.

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Atomic origin of spin-valve magnetoresistance at the SrRuO3 grain boundary

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National Science Review 2020年第4期7卷 755-762页

作者： Xujing Li Li Yin Zhengxun Lai Mei Wu Yu Sheng Lei Zhang Yuanwei Sun Shulin Chen Xiaomei Li Jingmin Zhang Yuehui Li Kaihui Liu Kaiyou Wang Dapeng Yu Xuedong Bai Wenbo Mi Peng Gao Electron Microscopy Laboratory School of Physics Peking University Beijing National Laboratory for condensed matter Physics and Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparation Technology School of Science Tianjin University International center for Quantum Materials Peking University State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory for artificial Microstructure & Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Peking University Collaborative innovation Centre of Quantum matter College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology

Defects exist ubiquitously in crystal materials, and usually exhibit a very different nature from the bulk ***, their presence can have significant impacts on the properties of *** it is well accepted that the properties of defects are determined by their unique atomic environments, the precise knowledge of such relationships is far from clear for most oxides because of the complexity of defects and difficulties in ***, we fabricate a 36.8°Sr RuO3grain boundary of which the transport measurements show a spin-valve *** identify its atomic arrangement, including oxygen,using scanning transmission electron microscopy and *** on the as-obtained atomic structure, the density functional theory calculations suggest that the spin-valve magnetoresistance occurs because of dramatically reduced magnetic moments at the *** ability to manipulate magnetic properties at the nanometer scale via defect control allows new strategies to design magnetic/electronic devices with low-dimensional magnetic order.

关键词： spin-valve magnetic defects electron microscopy grain boundary

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High-performance synaptic transistors for neuromorphic computing

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第4期29卷 1-14页

作者： Hai Zhong Qin-Chao Sun Guo Li Jian-Yu Du He-Yi Huang Er-Jia Guo Meng He Can Wang Guo-Zhen Yang Chen Ge Kui-Juan Jin Beijing National Laboratory for condensed matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100049China center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China

The further development of traditional von Neumann-architecture computers is limited by the breaking of Moore’s law and the von Neumann bottleneck, which make them unsuitable for future high-performance artificial intelligence (AI)systems. Therefore, new computing paradigms are desperately needed. Inspired by the human brain, neuromorphic computing is proposed to realize AI while reducing power consumption. As one of the basic hardware units for neuromorphic computing, artificial synapses have recently aroused worldwide research interests. Among various electronic devices that mimic biological synapses, synaptic transistors show promising properties, such as the ability to perform signal transmission and learning simultaneously, allowing dynamic spatiotemporal information processing applications. In this article, we provide a review of recent advances in electrolyte-and ferroelectric-gated synaptic transistors. Their structures, materials,working mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages will be presented. In addition, the challenges of developing advanced synaptic transistors are discussed.

关键词： synaptic transistor artificial synapse synaptic plasticity electrolyte gating ferroelectric gating

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Superconductivity near the(2+1)-Dimensional Ferromagnetic Quantum Critical Point

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Chinese Physics Letters 2022年第9期39卷 47-52页

作者： Yunchao Hao Gaopei Pan Kai Sun Zi Yang Meng Yang Qi State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Beijing National Laboratory for condensed matter Physics and institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Physics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Physics and HKU-UCAS Joint institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina Collaborative innovation center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing 210093China

We utilize both analytical and numerical methods to study the superconducting transition temperature Tnear a fermionic quantum critical point(QCP) using a model constructed by Xu et al. [Phys. Rev. X 7, 031059(2017)] as an example. In this model, the bosonic critical fluctuation plays the role of pairing glue for the Cooper pairs, and we use a Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer-type mean-field theory to estimate T. We further argue that the Tc computed from the BCS theory approximates a pseudogap temperature TPG, instead of the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition temperature T, which is confirmed by our determinant quantum Monte Carlo simulation. Moreover, due to the fact that electron density of state starts to deplete at T, the critical scaling of the underlying QCP is also affected below TPG. Thus, when studying the critical behavior of fermionic QCPs, we need to monitor that the temperature is above TPG instead of T. This was often ignored in previous studies.

关键词： critical quantum utilize

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