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China Stroke Statistics 2019:A Report From the National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological diseases,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological diseases,the Chinese Stroke Association,National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable disease control and prevention,Chinese Center for disease control and prevention and institute for Global Neuroscience and Stroke Collaborations

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2020年第3期5卷 211-239页

作者： Yong-Jun Wang Zi-Xiao Li Hong-Qiu Gu Yi Zhai Yong Jiang Xing-Quan Zhao Yi-Long Wang Xin Yang Chun-Juan Wang Xia Meng Hao Li Li-Ping Liu Jing Jing Jing Wu An-Ding Xu Qiang Dong David Wang Ji-Zong Zhao On behalf of China Stroke Statistics 2019 Writing Committee China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Department of Neurology and Stroke Center The First Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Department of Neurology Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Neurovascular Division Department of NeurologyBarrow Neurological InstituteSt.Joseph's Hospital and Medical CenterPhoenixArizonaUSA 不详

China faces the greatest challenge from stroke in the *** death rate for cerebrovascular diseases in China was 149.49 per 100000,accounting for 1.57 million deaths in *** ranked third among the leading causes of death behind malignant tumours and heart *** age-standardised prevalence and incidence of stroke in 2013 were 1114.8 per 100000 population and 246.8 per 100000 person-years,*** to the Global Burden of disease Study 2017,the years of life lost(YLLs)per 100000 population for stroke increased by 14.6%;YLLs due to stroke rose from third highest among all causes in 1990 to the highest in *** absolute numbers and rates per 100000 population for all-age disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)for stroke increased substantially between 1990 and 2017,and stroke was the leading cause of all-age DALYs in *** main contributors to cerebrovascular diseases include behavioural risk factors(smoking and alcohol use)and pre-existing conditions(hypertension,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidaemia and atrial fibrillation(AF)).The most prevalent risk factors among stroke survivors were hypertension(63.0%-84.2%)and smoking(31.7%-47.6%).The least prevalent was AF(2.7%-7.4%).The prevalences for major risk factors for stroke are high and most have increased over *** on the latest national epidemiological data,26.6%of adults aged≥15 years(307.6 million adults)smoked tobacco *** those aged≥18 years,age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 25.2%;adjusted prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia was 5.8%;and the standardised prevalence of diabetes was 10.9%.For those aged≥40 years,the standardised prevalence of AF was 2.31%.Data from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System showed that 3010204 inpatients with stroke were admitted to 1853 tertiary care hospitals during *** those,2466785(81.9%)were ischaemic strokes(ISs);447609(14.9%)were intracerebral haemorrhages(ICHs);and 95810(3.2%)were subarachnoid haemorrhages(SAHs).The average age

关键词： admitted smoke insurance

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The Role of Standards for communicable disease prevention and control in Protecting People’s Health and Safety During COVID-19

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China CDC weekly 2020年第42期2卷 823-826页

作者： Lan Feng Jingwei Jiang Yuan Ma Jinxing Lu National institute for communicable disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

World Standards Day was established by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO)on October 14 to enhance awareness on the significance of international standardization to respond to the needs of businesses,industries,governments and consumers *** its rejoining the ISO in 1978,China held various presentations,symposiums,and commemorative events for World Standards Day in major and medium-sized cities nationwide to publicize the role of standardization in societal development and enhance the awareness of standardization among the people.

关键词： nationwide sized awareness

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Molecular Typing of Leptospira interrogans Strains Isolated from Rattus tanezumi in Guizhou Province,Southwest of China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2012年第5期25卷 542-548页

作者： LI Shi Jun ZHANG Cui Cai LI Xiu Wen TIAN Ke Cheng TANG Guang Peng WANG Ding Ming LIU Ying NIE Yi Xin JIANG Xiu Gao institute of communicable disease prevention and control Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Guiyang 550004 Guizhou China institute of communicable disease prevention and control Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China

Abstract Objective To identify and type three leptospires isolated from Rattus tanezumi in Guizhou Province by using three molecular techniques （PFGE, MLVA, and MLST）, reveal the molecular characteristic of causative agents of local leptospirosis and evaluate these three molecular methods based on their detection resolution and efficiency. Methods Three Leptospira strains were isolated from the kidney of Rattus tanezumi and cultured with EMJH medium. PFGE, MLVA, and MLST assays were applied to type the three strains isolated from Rattus tanezumi in Guizhou Province. Results PFGE, MLVA, and MLST typing showed that the three leptospiral isolates matched with leptospiral serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai. The findings of the genotyping methods were consistent. MLVA and MLST defined genotypes, whereas PFGE allowed the recognition of additional subgroups within the genotypes, and the findings of molecular typing were also consistent with those of traditional techniques. Conclusion Three leptospiral isolates from Guizhou Province matched with leptospiral serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai, and PFGE, MLVA, and MLST, as reliable molecular techniques for identifying and typing of Leptospira interrogans, would contribute to the active surveillance, outbreak investigation and source tracking for leptospirosis in Guizhou Province.

关键词： L. interrogans PFGE MLVA MLST Rattus tanezumi

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In Vitro Protein Expression Profile of Campylobacter jejuni Strain NCTC11168 by Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第1期26卷 48-53页

作者： ZHANG Mao Jun GU Yi Xin DI Xiao ZHAO Fei YOU Yuan Hai MENG Fan Liang ZHANG Jian Zhong Key Laboratory for Infectious disease prevention and control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Objective To investigate the protein expression profiles of the major food‐borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni *** Membrane and soluble cellular proteins were extracted from the genome‐sequenced *** strain *** expression profiles were determined using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis（2‐DE）.All the detected spots on the 2‐DE map were subjected to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry（MALDI‐TOF/TOF） *** A total of 537 and 333 spots were detected from the whole cell and membrane‐associated proteins of *** NCTC11168 cultured on Columbia agar medium at 42 ℃ by 2‐DE and Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining,*** of whole cell and membrane‐associated proteins included 399 and 133 spots,respectively,which included 182 and 53 functional proteins identified by MALDI‐TOF/TOF *** The comprehensive expression protein profiles of *** NCTC11168 obtained in this study will be useful for elucidating the roles of these proteins in further pathogenesis investigation.

关键词： Campylobacter jejuni Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis MALDI‐TOF Soluble cellular protein Membrane protein

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Survival and proliferation of the lysogenic bacteriophage CTXΦ in Vibrio cholerae

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Virologica Sinica 2015年第1期30卷 19-25页

作者： Fenxia Fan Biao Kan State Key Laboratory for Infectious disease prevention and control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

The lysogenic phage CTXΦ of Vibrio cholerae can transfer the cholera toxin gene both horizontally(inter-strain) and vertically(cell proliferation). Due to its diversity in form and species, the complexity of regulatory mechanisms, and the important role of the infection mechanism in the production of new virulent strains of ***, the study of the lysogenic phage CTXΦ has attracted much attention. Based on the progress of current research, the genomic features and their arrangement, the host-dependent regulatory mechanisms of CTXΦ phage survival, proliferation and propagation were reviewed to further understand the phage's role in the evolutionary and epidemiological mechanisms of V. cholerae.

关键词： Vibrio cholerae lysogenic bacteriophage CTXΦ regulation evolution

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Optimization of Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis for Borrelia burgdorferi Subtyping

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第7期26卷 584-591页

作者： GENG Zhen HOU Xue Xia HAO Qin ZHOU Hai Jian WANG Feng WAN Kang Lin State Key Laboratory for communicable disease prevention and control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Infectious disease The First Hospital Jilin University

Objective To optimize the performance of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis （PFGE） for the comparison of inter-laboratory results and information exchange of Borrelia burgdorferi subtypingo Methods A panel of 34 strains of B. burgdorferi were used to optimize PFGE for subtyping. In order to optimize the electrophoretic parameters （EPs）, all 34 strains of B. burgdorferi were analyzed using four EPs, yielding different Simpson diversity index （D） values and the epidemiological concordance was also evaluated. Results The EP of a switch time of l s to 25 s for13 h and l s to10 s for 6 h produced the highest D value and was declared to be optimal for Mlul and 5mal PFGE of B. burgdorferi. Mlul and Smal were selected as the first and second restriction enzymes for PFGE subtyping of B. burgdorferi according to discrimination and consistency with epidemiological data. Conclusion PFGE can be used as a valuable test for routine genospecies identification of B burgdorferi.

关键词： Molecular subtyping Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis Borrelia burgdor^eri

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Molecular Characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis Isolated during an Outbreak in a Jail: Association with the Spread and Distribution of ST-4821 Complex Serogroup C Clone in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第5期26卷 331-337页

作者： ZHANG Ji ZHOU Hai Jian XU Li HU Guang Chun ZHANG Xue Hua XU Sheng Ping LIU Zun Yu SHAO Zhu Jun Jinan Municipal Center for disease control and prevention State Key Laboratory for Infectious disease prevention and control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

Objective To characterize the meningococcal strains isolated from cases and close contacts with meningococcal disease associated with an outbreak in a jail in May 2010 by investigating the national distribution of hyperinvasive ST-4821 serogroup C clone associated with this outbreak. Methods The cases were described based on the clinical symptoms and laboratory results. Pharyngeal swabs were cultured for N. meningitidis from men in the jail. Meningococcal isolates were identified by serogrouping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis （PFGE） and multilocus sequence typing （MLST）, respectively. Four hundred and sixteen serogroup C N. meningitidis strains were collected from 27 provinces between 2003 and 2010 for a nationwide survey and analyzed by PFGE and MLST. Results Three persons in a jail system were infected with invasive N. meningitidis serogroup C. All isolates tested had matching PFGE patterns and belonged to the multilocus sequence type （ST） 4821 clonal complex. All 47 N. meningitidis strains were identified from the pharyngeal swabs of 166 peoples in the jail, and 26 of them belonged to ST-4821 serogroup C clone, and 90.14% （375/416） serogroup C strains identified in the nationwide survey belonged to the ST-4821 complex. The ST-4821 serogroup C clone was spread nationwide, distributed in 24 provinces, especially in eastern provinces between 2003 and 2010. Conclusion Endemic transmission and carriage rate of ST-4821 serogroup C clone are high in this jail system. The ST-4821 serogroup C clone is spreading in China and nationwide distributed despite the existence of some effective vaccines.

关键词： Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis Multilocus sequence typing Neisseria meningitidis ST-4821 Serogroup C

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Assessment of Comparative Genomic Hybridization Experiment by an in situ Synthesized CombiMatrix Microarray with Yersinia pestis Vaccine Strain EV76 DNA

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2010年第5期23卷 384-390页

作者： YUAN-HAI YOU PENG WANG YAN-HUA WANG HAI-BIN WANG DONG-ZHENG YU RONG HAI JIAN-ZHONG ZHANG National institute for communicable disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Objective The quality of microarray data influences the accuracy of comparative genomic analyses to a large *** ensure that the results obtained by using an in situ synthesized microarray are accurate,data quality is to be assessed by evaluating the melting temperature (Tm) of probes,probability of false synthesis rates,and fragmentation of labeled *** DNA from the Yersinia pestis vaccine strain EV76 was used for microarray *** results were confirmed by *** and bioinformatics methods were employed to perform microarray data analyses and *** Correlation coefficients of the three datasets were above 0.95 after two-time stripping and hybridization with a labeled DNA with the size of fragmentation being 200 bp-2 kb,which showed that the hybridization results were highly *** coefficients were lower with the values ranging from 0.87 to 0.92 between the datasets generated from hybridization with different sizes of the labeled DNA *** the relationship between Tm and signal intensity,there was a different distribution of Tm in the lowest 300 or 3 000 probes with a range of 70 ℃-72 ℃ and the highest 300 or 3 000 probes with a range of 72 ℃-74 ℃.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the initial microarray design may affect the accuracy of final analyses and that the probe Tm and the size of the labeled fragment may be the two factors of the greatest importance.

关键词： Array CGH Data quality Assessment

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Plasticity of Regulation of Mannitol Phosphotransferase System Operon by CRP-cAMP Complex in Vibrio cholerae

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第10期26卷 831-840页

作者： ZHOU Yan Yan ZHANG Hong Zhi LIANG Wei Li ZHANG Li Juan ZHU Jun KAN Biao State Key Laboratory for communicable disease prevention and control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Microbiology Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania

Objective The complex of the cyclic AMP receptor protein （CRP） and cAMP is an important transcriptional regulator of numerous genes in prokaryotes. The transport of mannitol through the phosphotransferase systems （PTS） is regulated by the CRP-cAMP complex. The aim of the study is to investigate how the CRP-cAMP complex acting on the mannitol PTS operon mtl of the Vibrio cholerae El Tot biotype. Methods The crp mutant strain was generated by homologous recombination to assess the need of CRP to activate the mannitol PTS operon of V. choleroe El Tor. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays （EMSA） and the reporter plasmid pBBRlux were used to confirm the role that the CRP-cAMP complex playing on the mannitol PTS operon intl. Results In this study, we confirmed that CRP is strictly needed for the activation of the mtl operon. We further experimentally identified five CRP binding sites within the promoter region upstream of the mannitol PTS operon mtl of the Vibrio cholerae El Tor biotype and found that these sites display different affinities for CRP and provide different contributions to the activation of the operon. Conclusion The five binding sites collectively confer the strong activation of mannitol transfer by CRP in V. choleroe, indicating an elaborate and subtle CRP activation mechanism.

关键词： Cyclic AMP receptor protein CRP-cAMP complex CRP-binding sites Vibrio cholerae

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Cronobacter Carriage in Neonate and Adult Intestinal Tracts

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2013年第10期26卷 861-864页

作者： LIU Hui CUI Jing Hua CUI Zhi Gang HU Guang Chun YANG Yue Lian LI Jian SHI Yu Wen Jinan Municipal Center for disease control and prevention State Key Laboratory for communicable disease prevention and control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

A total of 7 Cronobocter strains were isolated from 703 fecal samples collected in Jinan from June 13 to December 30, 2011, with the positive rate of Cronobacter spp. being 1.0% （95% confidence interval 0.6%-1.4%）. Three Cronobacter sakazakii stains were isolated from 157 fecal samples of healthy neonates （95% confidence interval 0.4%-5.5%）. This number was slightly higher than that isolated from 273 fecal samples of healthy adults, in which 1 strain of C. sakazakii and 1 strain of Cronobacter malonaticus were isolated, and that from 173 fecal samples of adults with acute diarrhea, in which 1 strain of C sakazakii and 1 strain of C. malonaticus were isolated, but the differences were not statistically significant （P〉O.05）. The Cronobocter isolates were all from different genetic sources. It should be noted that Cronobacter carriage may cause infection under certain conditions, especially in neonates.

关键词： Cronobacter Carriage in Neonate and Adult Intestinal Tracts

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