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growth and development of children in China:achievements,problems and prospects

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 97-104页

作者： Xin-Nan Zong Hui Li Department of growth and Development Capital Institute of PediatricsBeijing 100020China

growth reflects the general condition of society,and is a measure of the nutritional and hygienic status of a population[1,2].Nutrition is one of the most important components of children’s well-being[3].The Chinese government attaches great importance to children’s health and development,with a clear statement and consistent practice for“Children are the future and hope of the motherland”.

关键词： mother statement children

Flexible bidirectional pulse charging regulation achieving long-life lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第9期96卷 59-71页

作者： Xiaodong Xu Shengjin Tang Xuebing Han Languang Lu Yudi Qin Jiuyu Du Yu Wu Yalun Li Chuanqiang Yu Xiaoyan Sun Xuning Feng Minggao Ouyang Rocket Force University of Engineering Xi’an 710025ShaanxiChina State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Green Vehicle and mobility School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

Typical application scenarios,such as vehicle to grid(V2G)and frequency regulation,have imposed significant long-life demands on lithium-ion ***,we propose an advanced battery life-extension method employing bidirectional pulse charging(BPC)*** traditional constant current charging methods,BPC strategy not only achieves comparable charging speeds but also facilitates V2G frequency regulation *** significantly enhances battery cycle ampere-hour throughput and demonstrates remarkable life extension *** this interesting conclusion,adopting model identification and postmortem characterization to reveal the life regulation mechanism of BPC:it mitigates battery capacity loss attributed to loss of lithium-ion inventory(LLI)in graphite anodes by intermittently regulating the overall battery voltage and anode potential using a negative charging ***,from the perspective of internal side reaction,the life extension mechanism is further revealed as inhibition of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and lithium dendrite growth by regulating voltage with a bidirectional pulse current,and a semi-empirical life degradation model combining SEI and lithium dendrite growth is developed for BPC scenarios health management,the model parameters are identified by genetic algorithm with the life simulation exhibiting an accuracy exceeding 99%.This finding indicates that under typical rate conditions,adaptable BPC strategies can extend the service life of LFP battery by approximately 123%.Consequently,the developed advanced BPC strategy offers innovative perspectives and insights for the development of long-life battery applications in the future.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Long-life regulation Bidirectional pulse charging Mechanism identification

Optimizing high-coordination shell of Co-based single-atom catalysts for efficient ORR and zinc-air batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 306-314,I0007页

作者： Yugang Qi Qing Liang Kexin Song Xinyan Zhou Meiqi Liu Wenwen Li Fuxi Liu Zhou Jiang Xu Zou Zhongjun Chen Wei Zhang Weitao Zheng Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE School of Materials Science&Engineering Electron Microscopy Centerand International Center of Future ScienceJilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy MaterialsJilin UniversityChangchun 130012JilinChina institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Atom-level modulation of the coordination environment for single-atom catalysts(SACs)is considered as an effective strategy for elevating the catalytic *** the MNxsite,breaking the symmetrical geometry and charge distribution by introducing relatively weak electronegative atoms into the first/second shell is an efficient way,but it remains challenging for elucidating the underlying mechanism of ***,a practical strategy was reported to rationally design single cobalt atoms coordinated with both phosphorus and nitrogen atoms in a hierarchically porous carbon derived from metal-organic frameworks.X-ray absorption spectrum reveals that atomically dispersed Co sites are coordinated with four N atoms in the first shell and varying numbers of P atoms in the second shell(denoted as Co-N/P-C).The prepared catalyst exhibits excellent oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity as well as zinc-air battery *** introduction of P atoms in the Co-SACs weakens the interaction between Co and N,significantly promoting the adsorption process of ^(*)OOH,resulting in the acceleration of reaction kinetics and reduction of thermodynamic barrier,responsible for the increased intrinsic *** discovery provides insights into an ultimate design of single-atom catalysts with adjustable electrocatalytic activities for efficient electrochemical energy conversion.

关键词： Electrocatalytic Oxygen reduction reaction Single atom catalyst Shell coordination optimization

A Facile Li2TiO3 Surface Modification to Improve the Structure Stability and Electrochemical Performance of Full Concentration Gradient Li-Rich Oxides

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 45-52页

作者： Naifang Hu Yuan Yang Lin Li Yuhan Zhang Zhiwei Hu Lan Zhang Jun Ma Guanglei Cui Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research institute Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences institute of Materials Science and Engineering Ocean University of China School of future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Max Planck institute for Chemical Physics of Solids CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean ProcessState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex SystemsInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Shandong Energy institute

Full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides are catching lots of interest as the next generation cathode for lithium-ion batteries due to their high discharge voltage,reduced voltage decay and enhanced rate performance,whereas the high lithium residues on its surface impairs the structure stability and long'term cycle performance. Herein,a facile multifunctional surface modification method is implemented to eliminate surface lithium residues of full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides by a wet chemistry reaction with tetrabutyl titanate and the post-annealing process. It realizes not only a stable Li2TiO3coating layer with 3D diffusion channels for fast Li+ions transfer,but also dopes partial Ti4+ions into the sub-surface region of full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides to further strengthen its crystal structure. Consequently,the modified full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides exhibit improved structure stability,elevated thermal stability with decomposition temperature from 289.57℃to321.72℃,and enhanced cycle performance (205.1 mAh g-1after 150 cycles)with slowed voltage drop （1.67 mV per cycle）. This work proposes a facile and integrated modification method to enhance the comprehensive performance of full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides,which can facilitate its practical application for developing higher energy density lithium-ion batteries.

关键词： full concentration gradient lithium-rich layered oxides structure stability surface modification

Highly-efficient CoRuO_(x)nanocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution:The merit of optimum ordering degree of carbon nanotube support

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 470-477页

作者： Wenwen Li Yanni Wang Zhenzhen Zhao Meiqi Liu Qing Liang Yuhua Liu Fuxi Liu Zhou Jiang Xu Zou Bingsen Zhang Wei Zhang Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE School of Materials Science&EngineeringJilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy MaterialsElectron Microscopy CenterInternational Center of Future ScienceJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences110016ShenyangChina

Hydrogen production from proton exchange membrane water electrolysis is constrained by the sluggish kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution ***_(2)has attracted considerable attention due to its low reaction overpotential,but its inferior stability remains a major ***,a strategy is proposed to enhance the catalytic activity and stability of CoRuOx nanoparticles by doping Co and regulating the ordering degree of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)by air *** was found that the CoRuOx@CNTs-300 catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity and stability when the annealing temperature was 300°*** the current density of 10 mA cm−2,the overpotential of this catalyst was only 201 mV,which was nearly 100 mV lower than that of commercial RuO_(2)(300 mV).Surprisingly,there was no significant increase in the overpotential when tested at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for 50 *** density functional theory calculations indicate that the high activity of the catalyst is due to the electronic coupling of CoRuOx nanoparticles and CNTs,and that the introduction of Co and CNTs improves the electronic structure and solvation energies of the Ru in the active site,dramatically increasing the structural stability.

关键词： Electrocatalysis RuO_(2) CNTs Oxygen evolution reaction

Perspective of alkaline zinc-based flow batteries

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第1期67卷 260-275页

作者： Zhizhang Yuan Xianfeng Li Division of Energy Storage Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(DNL)Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 110623China

Energy storage technologies have been identified as the key in constructing new electric power systems and achieving carbon neutrality,as they can absorb and smooth the renewables-generated *** zinc-based flow batteries are well suitable for stationary energy storage applications,since they feature the advantages of high safety,high cell voltage and low ***,many alkaline zinc-based flow batteries have been proposed and developed,e.g.,the alkaline zinc–iron flow battery and alkaline zinc–nickel flow *** development and application are closely related to advanced materials and battery *** this perspective,we will first provide a brief introduction and discussion of alkaline zinc-based flow *** we focus on these batteries from the perspective of their current status,challenges and *** bottlenecks for these batteries are briefly *** with the practical requirements and development trends of alkaline zinc-based flow battery technologies,their future development and research direction will be summarized.

关键词： energy storage alkaline zinc-based flow batteries advanced materials battery structure

Additives strategies to improving cycling stability of Li metal batteries by modifying electrode electrolyte interphases

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2024年第2期34卷 338-344页

作者： Yuan Li Pengfei Huang Chunyu Cui Xiaoyuan Ma Li Chen Zekun Li Linhai Li Yuhong Tian School of Biological and Chemical Engineering Guangxi University of Science and Technology School of College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Isky future Energy institute

Li metal batteries（LMBs） have attracted much attention due to the ultra-high theoretical capacity of the Li metal anode（LMA）.However,the uncontrollable dendrites growth and low coulombic efficiency hinder their practical ***,we explore 3,5-difluoropyridine（2F-BD） as a novel electrolyte additive to enable highperformance *** 2F-BD additive participates in and modifies the solvation structure of Li ions by reducing the coordinated number of PF6-at the electrode surface,leading to the formation of a LiF and Li3N-rich solid electrolyte interphase（SEI）.The LiF component increases the robustness of SEI and suppresses the formation of Li dendrites,while the Li3N component facilitates the transportation and reaction kinetics of Li *** a result,the Li‖Li symmetric cell presents a stable cycling performance of up to 500 h at a current density of 1 mA *** coupling with LiFePO4cathode,the obtained full cell achieves high specific capacities of 106.06 mA h g-1and 84.98 mA h g-1at 2.55 mA cm-2and 5.10 mA cm-2,respectively,and maintains a high capacity retention of84.0% after 1000 cycles at 0.13 mA cm-2,with an average cycling CE of 99.58%.

关键词： Electrolyte additive Li dendrites Li metal batteries LiF and Li3N-Rich electrode-electrolyte interphase LiFePO4 cathode

Catalyst design and structure control for photocatalytic refineries of cellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 102-127页

作者： Lulu Sun Nengchao Luo State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean EnergyDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina

Lignocellulosic biomass is the largest renewable hydrocarbon resource on *** cellulose,one of the major components of lignocellulose,powered by solar energy is a promising way of providing lowcarbon-footprint energy chemicals such as H_(2),HCOOH,CO,and transportation ***-of-the-art biorefineries target the full use of biomass feedstocks as they have a maximum collection radius of 75-100 km,requesting efficient and selective photocatalysts that significantly influence the outcome of photocatalytic ***-performed photocatalysts can harvest a broad solar spectrum and are active in breaking the chemical bonds of cellulose,decreasing the capital investments of ***,photocatalysts should control the selectivity of cellulose conversion,originating target products to level down separation *** separation in photocatalysts and interfacial charge transfer between photocatalysts and cellulose affect the activity and selectivity of cellulose refineries to H2 and carbonaceous *** account for the challenges above,this review summarizes photocatalysts for the refineries of cellulose and downstream platform molecules based on the types of products,with the structure features of different types of photocatalysts discussed in relation to the targets of either improving the activity or product *** addition,this review also sheds light on the methods for designing and regulating photocatalyst structures to facilitate photocatalytic refineries of cellulose and platform molecules,meanwhile summarizing proposed future research challenges and opportunities for designing efficient photocatalysts.

关键词： Photocatalysts Biorefineries Cellulose Fuels Hydrogen

刚柔并济的仿生凝胶聚合物电解质助力稳定的锂电池

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Science China Materials 2024年第7期67卷 2256-2265页

作者：周天易徐若晨曹曦张江涛王佳运黄茹玲平小凡白盼星孙周婷刘明义王晓龙 Huaneng clean Energy Research institute Beijing 102209China

凝胶聚合物电解质(GPE)因其优良的热稳定性和卓越的电化学性能而具备增强锂离子电池性能的潜力,从而受到越来越多的认可.尽管其具有上述优点,但传统GPE的实际应用通常因其溶胀性和有限的机械强度而受到阻碍.为了解决这些问题,本项研究... 详细信息

凝胶聚合物电解质(GPE)因其优良的热稳定性和卓越的电化学性能而具备增强锂离子电池性能的潜力,从而受到越来越多的认可.尽管其具有上述优点,但传统GPE的实际应用通常因其溶胀性和有限的机械强度而受到阻碍.为了解决这些问题,本项研究工作提出了一种通过简单方法构建的刚柔并济的仿生GPE,由聚环氧乙烷(PEO)和聚偏二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯(PVDF-HFP)组成并通过Kevlar纤维织物进行增强.所得的PEO/PVDF-HFP/Kevlar(PPK)GPE表现出2.815 mS cm^(−1)的优异离子电导率和0.571的锂离子迁移数,以及32.59 MPa的超高机械强度.这些特性有助于防止锂枝晶生长并增强LiFePO4电池的电化学性能,从而实现稳定的循环性能.PPK GPE可以为高性能锂离子电池的各种实际应用提供理论基础.

关键词： gel polymer electrolyte polyethylene oxide(PEO) poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)(PVDF-HFP) Kevlar fiber cartilage structure