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Exploring the potential of extrachromosomal DNA as a novel oncogenic driver

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 144-157页

作者： Huanbo Zhu Longtao Huangfu Junbing Chen Jiafu Ji Xiaofang Xing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education/Beijing) Division of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research LaboratoryPeking University Cancer Hospital&InstituteBeijing 100142China Department of Gastrointestinal cancer Center Peking University Cancer Hospital&InstituteBeijing 100142China Department of Liver Surgery&Transplantation Liver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityKey Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer InvasionMinistry of EducationShanghai200032China State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal cancers Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational ResearchDivision of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research LaboratoryPeking University Cancer Hospital&InstituteBeijing 100142China

Extrachromosomal DNA(ecDNA)is a form of circular DNA mostly found in tumor *** the typical chromosomal DNA,ecDNA is circular,self-replicating,and carries complete or partial gene *** ecDNA occurrence remains a rare event in cancer,recent studies have shown that oncogene amplification on ecDNA is widespread throughout many types of cancer,implying that ecDNA plays a central role in accelerating tumor *** has also been associated with increased tumor mutation burden,chromosomal instability,and even tumor microenvironment *** may be crucial in influencing tumor heterogeneity,drug sensitivity,oncogenic senescence,and tumor immunogenicity,leading to a worsening prognosis for tumor *** this way,several clinical trials have been conducted to investigate the importance of ecDNA in clinical *** this review,we summarize the biogenesis,characteristics,and current research methods of ecDNA,discuss the vital role of ecDNA-caused tumor heterogeneity in cancers,and highlight the potential role of ecDNA in cancer therapy.

关键词： extrachromosomal DNA cancer therapy tumor heterogeneity drug resistance tumor evolution

Pattern-based rapid and robust profiling of gut microbiota and its metabolism with a single fluorescent probe

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第2期68卷 781-788页

作者： Hongli Tan Meizi Zeng Cong Fang Xiaohua Zhu Feng Liu Ying Long Ruijie Deng Peng Yin Meiling Liu Haitao Li Youyu Zhang Shouzhuo Yao Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research(Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringInstitute of Interdisciplinary StudiesHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China Hunan cancer Hospital/The Affiliated cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South UniversityChangsha 410013China College of Biomass Science and Engineering Healthy Food Evaluation Research CenterSichuan UniversityChengdu 610064China

The gut microbiota and the associated metabolism play a pivotal role in maintaining human health,yet their assessment is challenging due to their inherent diversity,variety,and ***,we developed a multichannel sensor array based on a single fluorescent probe,allowing for rapid and robust profiling gut microbiota and their key metabolites including cysteine(Cys),glutathione(GSH),and homocysteine(Hcy).The assay leverages the single fluorescent probe that is with multiple binding sites and the cross-reactive sensing principle to specifically recognize different biological *** analyzing the pattern of biological thiols,the assay is capable of rapidly identifying six gut-derived bacteria including probiotics,neutral,and pathogenic strains based on fluorescent fingerprints within 5 min,and also discriminating bacteria and their mixtures with different *** the assay that enables the simultaneous measurement of multiple gut-derived bacteria and their metabolites,the designed array achieved an accuracy of 0.99 when discriminating colorectal cancer(CRC)patient feces samples from healthy ***,the as-prepared sensor array can also be used to identify various stages of *** simplicity,rapidness,and cost-effectiveness of our approach render it a robust platform for the analysis of gut microbiota.

关键词： gut microbiota biological thiols sensor array fluorescent probe

Improving Model Chain Approaches for Probabilistic Solar Energy Forecasting through Post-processing and Machine Learning

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2025年第2期42卷 297-312页

作者： Nina HORAT Sina KLERINGS Sebastian LERCH institute of Statistics Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76185Germany Heidelberg institute for Theoretical studies Heidelberg 69118Germany

Weather forecasts from numerical weather prediction models play a central role in solar energy forecasting,where a cascade of physics-based models is used in a model chain approach to convert forecasts of solar irradiance to solar power *** simulations from such weather models aim to quantify uncertainty in the future development of the weather,and can be used to propagate this uncertainty through the model chain to generate probabilistic solar energy ***,ensemble prediction systems are known to exhibit systematic errors,and thus require post-processing to obtain accurate and reliable probabilistic *** overarching aim of our study is to systematically evaluate different strategies to apply post-processing in model chain approaches with a specific focus on solar energy:not applying any post-processing at all;post-processing only the irradiance predictions before the conversion;post-processing only the solar power predictions obtained from the model chain;or applying post-processing in both *** a case study based on a benchmark dataset for the Jacumba solar plant in the U.S.,we develop statistical and machine learning methods for postprocessing ensemble predictions of global horizontal irradiance(GHI)and solar power ***,we propose a neural-network-based model for direct solar power forecasting that bypasses the model *** results indicate that postprocessing substantially improves the solar power generation forecasts,in particular when post-processing is applied to the power *** machine learning methods for post-processing slightly outperform the statistical methods,and the direct forecasting approach performs comparably to the post-processing strategies.

关键词： solar forecasting post-processing probabilistic forecasting machine learning model chain

Distribution and mapping of temperate savanna in the sandy lands of eastern China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第1期68卷 128-141页

作者： Xiaoya LI Feng WANG Tao DUAN Kaijie YANG Bin YANG Chunmei WANG Xin TIAN Qi LU institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration Institute of Desertification StudiesChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing100091China institute of Desertification Institute of Desertification StudiesChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing100091China institute of Great Green Wall Bayan Nur015200China Satellite Application Centre for Ecology and Environment MEEBeijing100094China institute of Microelectronics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100029China Aerospace Information Research institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100094China institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing100091China

Savannas are distributed globally across various *** perform a significant socioeconomic role in regulating net primary productivity and the terrestrial carbon *** to the high spatial heterogeneity induced by the mixed distribution of trees and grasses,current global land-cover classification maps often classify savannas as forests or grasslands Temperate savannas in China cover a vast area,yet their spatial patterns and extent remain poorly *** study developed a novel remote sensing temperate savannas mapping method by integrating very high-resolution(VHR)unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)and GF-6 satellite imagery based on the vegetation structure characteristics of temperate savannas using the FAO definition of *** and validation datasets were collected from VHR UAV imagery covering the main temperate savannah types with a ground area of 1818 *** fractional woody vegetation cover(FWVC)and fractional herbaceous vegetation cover(FHVC)in temperate savannas were estimated by integrating Classification and Regression Tree and Random Forest *** current distribution of temperate savannas in the Horqin and Otindag Sandy Lands of Eastern China was mapped to a unit area of 0.5 *** root-mean-square error(RMSE)values for the FWVC and FHVC models were 10.69%and 11.67%,and the R^(2)values were 0.66 and 0.63,*** assessment indicated that the new temperate savanna map had high identification accuracy,with a Kappa coefficient of 0.70,overall accuracy of 0.88,and average accuracy of *** savannas in the sandy lands of eastern China were primarily distributed in the northern Horqin Sandy Land the central and eastern regions of the Otindag Sandy Land,and the transition zone from the southern slopes of the Greater Khingan Mountains to the plains,covering a total area of 3.27×10^(6)*** main savannah types were elm,oak/maple,and shrub *** savannas were widely distributed in the Otindag Sandy Land a

关键词： Temperate savanna UAV imagery GF-6 Fractional woody vegetation cover Fractional herbaceous vegetation cover Machine learning

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Advances in neoadjuvant therapy for resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: An invited commentary

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Oncology and Translational Medicine 2025年第1期11卷 1-4页

作者： Ruyu Han Peipei Song Wei Tang Tianqiang Song Lu Chen Tianjin Medical University cancer institute and Hospital National Clinical Research Center for CancerNational Key Laboratory of Druggability Evaluation and Systematic Translational MedicineTianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive CancerTianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina Department of Hepatobiliary cancer Liver Cancer Research CenterTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjinChina National Center for Global Health and Medicine TokyoJapan

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)poses a significant threat to human health owing to its high malignancy rate and poor ***-gery is the most effective treatment option for ***,the prognosis remains unfavorable even after surgical ***,neo-adjuvant therapy has emerged as a potential treatment option for patients with *** therapy can improve patient prognosis by reducing the tumor size and eliminating tiny lesions that are not visible to the naked ***,specific treatment options for neoad-juvant therapy are *** review summarizes the studies on neoadjuvant therapy for ICC in the last decade,including chemotherapy,radiotherapy,interventional therapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy,with the aim of providing suggestions for the selection of clinical treatment options for patients with *** reports suggest that chemotherapy is the most effective neoadjuvant treatment ***-ever,radiotherapy and interventional therapies require further investigation to obtain conclusive *** targeted thera-pies and immunotherapies have been studied less extensively,several ongoing clinical trials are investigating these promising approaches.

关键词： Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Resectable Neoadjuvant therapy

Nickel-catalyzed ligand-controlled switchable skeletal rearrangements:divergent synthesis of isoquinoline-1,3-diones,cyclohexenols,cycloheptenols,and 2-benzazepin-5-ones

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Yongli Liu Yuanyuan Ping Wangqing Kong The institute for Advanced studies (IAS) Wuhan University

Skeleton diversity is an important feature of compound libraries and plays a key role in the success of biological ***-controlled divergent synthesis can transform the same substrate into different molecular skeletons, which not only can endow compound libraries with diverse biological activities but also reveal new catalytic modes, and therefore has received extensive attention. Herein, we disclose a Ni-catalyzed, ligand-controlled switchable skeletal rearrangement reaction of acryloyl o-bromobenzamides and activated alkenes. In this protocol, modification of the ligand backbone allows the conversion of the same starting material into four structurally distinct scaffolds of pharmacological importance. Specifically, the use of terpyridine ligand favors the 6-exo cyclization and subsequent 1,2-acyl/Ni dyotropic rearrangement to generate highly functionalized cyclohexenols, while the sterically hinderediPrPDI ligand facilitates the 6-exo cyclization and subsequent 1,2-aryl/Ni dyotropic rearrangement to form highly functionalized cycloheptenols. Furthermore, isoquinoline-1,3-diones were obtained through alkene diarylation in the absence of additional activated alkenes. More strikingly, the bidentate ligand promotes nucleophilic addition of the aryl halides to the amide carbonyl, followed by 1,4-acyl transfer and cross-coupling to afford 2-benzazepin-5-ones.

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Fisetin micelles precisely exhibit a radiosensitization effect by inhibiting PDGFRβ/STAT1/STAT3/Bcl-2 signaling pathway in tumor

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2025年第2期36卷 262-269页

作者： Yuanyuan Zeng Fang Liu Jun Wang Bianfei Shao Tao He Zhongzheng Xiang Yan Wang Shunyao Zhu Tian Yang Siting Yu Changyang Gong Lei Liu Department of Radiation Oncology Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University Department of Radiation Oncology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityHenan Cancer Hospital Chongqing Key Laboratory of translational Research for cancer Metastasis and individualized Treatment Chongqing University Cancer Hospital Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University Department of Pharmacy The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeYijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College institute of Surgery Research Daping HospitalThird Military Medical University

It is of great significance to find safe and effective radiosensitizers. A primary investigation has been made on fisetin's modification of radiation effect, but its radiosensitization and related mechanisms still need to be deeply clarified. Furthermore, fisetin with high hydrophobicity is difficult to dissolve in water,severely limiting its research and application. In this study, we fabricated a safe and soluble radiosensitizer fisetin micelle for precisely enhancing radiotherapy by inhibiting platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β(PDGFRβ)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)/B cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) signaling pathway in the tumor. Systematic and detailed studies were performed to verify its radiosensitization effect in vitro and in vivo. On the cellular level, fisetin micelles selectively increased the radiosensitivity of tumor cells(CT26 and 4T1 cells)and had little effect on the sensitivity of normal mouse cells(L929 cells) to radiation. In the mouse models of colon and breast cancers, fisetin micelles showed an efficient radiosensitization capacity without apparent toxicity. Additionally, we first found that fisetin micelles played a radiotherapy sensitization role by inhibiting the PDGFRβ/STAT1/STAT3/Bcl-2 pathway activity. In general, this work not only confirmed that fisetin micelles precisely exhibit a radiosensitization effect in vitro and in vivo, but also profoundly explored its mechanisms underlying, to provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical application of fisetin micelles.

关键词： Fisetin Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β Polymetric micelles Radiosensitizer Radiotherapy

Liquid metal catalyst for ammonia synthesis at low pressure

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Science China Materials 2025年第2期68卷 681-682页

作者： Ziyue Zeng Chenyang Wang Lei Fu College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China The institute for Advanced studies Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Liquid metal(LM)has attracted immense interest as a novel catalyst in the past few years for its distinctive physicochemical properties,encompassing superior electrical and thermal conductivities,as well as exceptional fluidity characteristics at low temperatures[1].In contrast to conventional solid heterogeneous catalysts,the fluidic characteristics of liquid metal catalysts enhance the interaction between catalysts and reactants,boosting mass transfer at the reaction interface.

关键词： catalyst ammonia synthesis

Relativistic two-fluid hydrodynamics with quantized vorticity from the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2025年第2期77卷 161-171页

作者： Chi Xiong Kerson Huang Minjiang Collaborative Center for Theoretical Physics Minjiang University institute of Advanced studies & School of Physical and Mathematical Science Nanyang Technological University Physics Department Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge

We consider a relativistic two-fluid model of superfluidity, in which the superfluid is described by an order parameter that is a complex scalar field satisfying the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation(NLKG). The coupling to the normal fluid is introduced via a covariant current–current interaction, which results in the addition of an effective potential, whose imaginary part describes particle transfer between superfluid and normal fluid. Quantized vorticity arises in a class of singular solutions and the related vortex dynamics is incorporated in the modified NLKG,facilitating numerical analysis which is usually very complicated in the phenomenology of vortex filaments. The dual transformation to a string theory description(Kalb–Ramond) of quantum vorticity, the Magnus force, and the mutual friction between quantized vortices and normal fluid are also studied.

关键词： relativistic superfluidity nonlinear Klein-Gordon field theory quantized vortices two-fluid model Kalb-Ramond field global string