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Taking Time, Sharing Spaces: Adaptive Risk Governance Processes in Rural Japan

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 464-471页

作者： Ilan Chabay Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) 14467 PotsdamGermany

Rural and peri-urban communities in Japan, as well as in many other regions of the world, face risks of discrete event natural phenomena, including earthquakes,floods, and landslides. They also face persistent disruptive stress due to risks that remain active over long durations,such as the loss of community capacities due to an aging population. This article describes my observations of and subsequent reflections on adaptive risk governance and community resilience building processes in two areas of western and southern Japan—Chizu in Tottori Prefecture and towns near Kumamoto City in Kumamoto Prefecture.Four aspects of adaptive risk governance from this limited set of observations stood out:(1) the importance of establishing a durable, patient process,(2) initiated and facilitated by a trusted figure, in(3) a space or venue accessible and open to the community, and(4) augmented by boundary objects that facilitate role playing, iteration,and ownership by the community of solutions generated in these dialogues.

关键词： Boundary objects Case Station-Field Campuses(CASiFiCA) Community resilience Knowledge Learning and Societal Change Alliance(KLASICA) Japan Risk governance Yonmenkaigi System Method(YSM)

Participatory Risk Governance for Reducing Disaster and Societal Risks:Collaborative Knowledge Production and Implementation

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 429-433页

作者： Norio Okada Ilan Chabay Ortwin Renn institute of Disaster Area Revitalization Regrowth and GovernanceKwansei Gakuin UniversityNishinomiya City 662-0891Japan Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies(IASS) 14467 PotsdamGermany

The background, purpose, and design of this special section are briefly explained in this introductory article. Three aspects emerged from the articles in this special section and are highlighted to provide a frame of reference for the reader:(1) a paradigm shift towards adaptive and integrative disaster risk governance;(2) a framework that situates adaptive and integrative risk governance in the context of transformation toward sustainability; and(3) the introduction of ‘‘implementation science'' as a concept, method, and emerging field that brings natural and social sciences, engineering, and humanities jointly to bear in risk mitigation and adaptation.

关键词： Adaptive risk governance Implementation science Participatory risk governance Societal risk factors sustainability transformation

Risk Governance:Application to Urban Challenges

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第4期9卷 434-444页

作者： Ortwin Renn Andreas Klinke Pia-Johanna Schweizer Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies(IASS) 14467 PotsdamGermany Environmental Policy institute Memorial University of NewfoundlandGrenfell CampusCorner BrookNL A2H 5G4Canada

Urban areas face multiple risks: they range from natural hazard-induced disasters, fires, and building code violations to social risks such as vandalism, crime, and social disorientation, among others. These risks often interact with each other and cannot be dealt with in isolation. As a means to identify, assess, and manage multiple risks, the concept of ‘‘risk governance'' has been developed, which promises to provide integrative and comprehensive tools to deal with the many manifestations of risks.In this article, risk governance concept has been specifically applied to complex risk situations in urban areas. The concept of risk governance pertains to the many ways in which multiple actors, individuals and institutions, public and private, deal with risks. It includes formal institutions and regimes and informal arrangements. The article first develops an adaptive and integrative model of risk governance and applies this model to the urban environments.After a short summary of the roots of risk governance, key concepts, such as simple, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous risks, are discussed. The main emphasis is on each of the five phases of risk governance: pre-estimation,interdisciplinary assessment, risk evaluation, risk management, and risk communication.

关键词： Ambiguity Complexity Coping strategies Integrated urban risk management Risk assessment Risk evaluation Risk governance Uncertainty

Local perceptions of climate change and adaptation needs in the Ifugao Rice Terraces (Northern Philippines)

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山地科学学报（英文） 2017年第8期14卷 1455-1472页

作者： Mario A.SORIANO Jr. Johanna DIWA Srikantha HERATH institute for the advanced Study of sustainability United Nations University School of Forestry and Environmental studies Yale University

The Ifugao Rice Terraces in the Philippines is recognized worldwide as a sustainable landscape where humans live in harmony with nature. The success of the Ifugao Rice Terraces largely depends on the attunement of local farmers to their environment and their ability to adapt to perceived changes, as manifested in their complex body of traditional ecological and climatic knowledge. This paper examines the local perceptions on climate change and other challenges to sustainability through focus group discussions with farmers and traditional knowledge holders. Our main findings can be summarized as follows:(i) Ifugao farmers were able to observe climatic changes in recent years, and these changes were intimately linked with broader environmental and socio-cultural changes in the Ifugao social-ecological system;(ii) The climatic changes qualitatively observed by the farmers were in agreement with trends in datasets commonly used in scientific assessments, although this agreement depends on the spatial and temporal resolution of the dataset, and the type of statistical analysis performed, and;(iii) The Ifugaos stressed the importance of traditional knowledge and culture in climate change adaptation, and preferred measures which could increase internal adaptive capacity while addressingbroader sources of community vulnerability. Our results support calls to recognize Indigenous and Western science as equally valid ways of knowing. Discussions with the farmers revealed that in the Ifugao context, climate change may be better framed in the context of multiple stressors on rural livelihoods, with adaptation integrated into broader development objectives. Our findings also emphasize the need for greater engagement of indigenous Ifugao people in planning processes in order to identify adaptation strategies that are culturally appropriate, equitable, and effective in responding to local needs.

关键词： Ifugao Rice Terraces Climate Change Traditional Knowledge Indigenous Adaptation Social-Ecological System sustainability

Climate change and its consequences for water and wastewater management

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第1期3卷 2-11页

作者： Peter A.WILDERER institute of advanced studies on sustainability Amalienstr7580799 MunichGermany

Life,in combination with solar radiation and abiotic processes,is most probably the reason why liquid water has existed on Earth for over billions of years,and the global mean temperature has remained in a lifeenabling range.Efforts to limit or even reverse global warming must be derived from the knowledge of the Earth’s complex life-support system.In this context,the balance between liquid and gaseous water plays a crucial role,and water management becomes an important field of innovation and action,globally,on the scale of watersheds but also on the very local level.Cascading use,reuse,and temporary storage of water in urban settings must be considered to limit over-extraction of water from natural resources,and to maintain the life supporting function of ecosystems.At the same time,public health requirements,cost efficiency,and reliability demands are to be met.

关键词： ecosystem management tools self-regulation urbanization water-climate relationship water reuse

Effect of Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles on magnetic xerogel composites for enhanced removal of fluoride and arsenic from aqueous solution

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Water Science and Engineering 2022年第4期15卷 305-317页

作者： Sasirot Khamkure Victoria Bustos-Terrones Nancy Jakelin Benitez-Avila María Fernanda Cabello-Lugo Prócoro Gamero-Melo Sofía Esperanza Garrido-Hoyos Juan Marcos Esparza-Schulz Postgraduate Department National Council for Science and Technology(CONACyT)-Mexican Institute of Water TechnologyMorelos 62574Mexico Department of Environmental Technology Engineering Polytechnic University of the State of MorelosMorelos 62550Mexico Department of sustainability of Natural Resources and Energy Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic InstituteCoahuila 25900Mexico Department of Chemistry Metropolitan Autonomous University Campus IztapalapaMexico City 09340Mexico

Fe_(3)O_(4)magnetic xerogel composites were prepared by polycondensation of resorcinol(R)-formaldehyde reaction via a sol-gel process in an aqueous solution through varying the molar ratio of Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles(MNPs),catalyst(C),and water(W)content.MNPs were obtained by co-precipitation(MC),oxidation of iron salts(MO),or solvothermal synthesis(MS).Both MNPs and magnetic xerogels were examined regarding the performance of arsenic and fluoride removal in a batch system.The MC-based MNPs had higher adsorption capacities for both fluoride(202.9 mg/g)and arsenic(3.2 mg/g)than other MNPs in optimum conditions.The X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed that Fe was composed into the polymeric matrix of magnetic xerogels that contained 0.59%-4.42%of Fe with a molar ratio of MNPs(M)to R between 0.01 and 0.10.With low R/C and optimum M/R ratios,an increase in the surface area of magnetic xerogels affected the fluoride and arsenic adsorption capacities.The magnetic xerogel composites with the MC-based MNPs prepared at a fixed R/C ratio(100)and at different R/W(0.05-0.06)and M/R(0.07-0.10)ratios had a high arsenic removal efficiency of 100%at an As(V)concentration of 0.1 mg/L and pH of 3.0.The maximum adsorption capacities of magnetic xerogels were approximately five times higher than those of the xerogels without MNP composites.Therefore,Fe_(3)O_(4)nanoparticles enhanced the adsorption of arsenate and fluoride.The variations of alkaline catalyst and water content significantly affected the resulting properties of textural and surface chemistry of magnetic xerogel composites.

关键词： Adsorption Arsenic Fluoride Composite Magnetite nanoparticles Xerogel

Nickel-Catalyzed Stereoselective Migratory Carboboration of 1,4-Cyclohexadiene

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第4期42卷 356-362页

作者： Yaoyu Ren Lujin Wang Chao Ding Yangyang Li Guoyin Yin The institute for advanced studies Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei430072 China

Multi-substituted cyclohexanes play a crucial role as scaffolds in bioactive compounds.While significant progress has been made in synthesizing substituted cyclohexanes,methods for the stereoselective assembly of 1,3-disubstituted cyclohexanes remain scarce.This study presents a novel approach involving nickel catalysis to achieve stereoselective carboboration of 1,4-cyclohexadiene.This innovative process allows for the simultaneous introduction of a boron group and an aryl or an alkyl fragment into the 1,4-cyclohexadiene framework under mild conditions,with exclusive regioselectivity and excellent cis configuration.The resulting products feature a double carbon bond and the incorporation of the boron group,offering significant potential for subsequent transformations and downstream applications.

关键词： 1,4-Cyclohexadiene Carboboration Nickel Chain-walking Stereoselectivity Difunctionalization

Systemic Risks: A Homomorphic Approach on the Basis of Complexity Science

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第3期9卷 292-305页

作者： Klaus Lucas Ortwin Renn Carlo Jaeger Saini Yang institute of Technical Thermodynamics Aachen University Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) Economic and Social Science Department University of Stuttgart Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management School of Geography Beijing Normal University Global Climate Forum Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disasters Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University

Although the notion of systemic risk gained prominence with respect to financial systems, it is a generic term that refers to risks of increasing importance in many domains—risks that cannot be tackled by conventional techniques of risk management and governance. We build on a domain-overarching definition of systemic risks by highlighting crucial properties that distinguish them from conventional risks and plain disasters. References to typical examples from various domains are included. Common features of systemic risks in different domains—such as the role of agents and emergence phenomena, tipping and cascading, parameters indicating instability, and historicity—turn out to be more than noncommittal empirical observations. Rather these features can be related to fundamental theory for relatively simple and well-understood systems in physics and chemistry. A crucial mechanism is the breakdown of macroscopic patterns of whole systems due to feedback reinforcing actions of agents on the microlevel, where the reinforcement is triggered by boundary conditions moving beyond critical tipping points.Throughout the whole article, emphasis is placed on the role of complexity science as a basis for unifying the phenomena of systemic risks in widely different domains.

关键词： Complexity science Integrated risk governance Multiagent modeling Systemic risks

Modifications in aerosol physical, optical and radiative properties during heavy aerosol events over Dushanbe, Central Asia

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第6期12卷 299-312页

作者： Dipesh Rupakheti Maheswar Rupakheti Xiufeng Yin Julian Hofer Mukesh Rai Yuling Hu Sabur F.Abdullaev Shichang Kang State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies PotsdamGermany Leibniz institute for Tropospheric Research LeipzigGermany Physical Technical institute of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan DushanbeTajikistan Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

The location of Central Asia,almost at the center of the global dust belt region,makes it susceptible for dust events.The studies on atmospheric impact of dust over the region are very limited despite the large area occupied by the region and its proximity to the mountain regions (Tianshan,Hindu Kush-KarakoramHimalayas,and Tibetan Plateau).In this study,we analyse and explain the modification in aerosols’physical,optical and radiative properties during various levels of aerosol loading observed over Central Asia utilizing the data collected during 2010–2018 at the AERONET station in Dushanbe,Tajikistan.Aerosol episodes were classified as strong anthropogenic,strong dust and extreme dust.The mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) during these three types of events was observed a factor of ~3,3.5 and 6.6,respectively,higher than the mean AOD for the period 2010–2018.The corresponding mean fine-mode fraction was 0.94,0.20 and 0.16,respectively,clearly indicating the dominance of fine-mode anthropogenic aerosol during the first type of events,whereas coarse-mode dust aerosol dominated during the other two types of events.This was corroborated by the relationships among various aerosol parameters (AOD vs.AE,and EAE vs.AAE,SSA and RRI).The mean aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) at the top of the atmosphere (ARF_(TOA)),the bottom of the atmosphere (ARF_(BOA)),and in the atmosphere (ARFATM) were -35±7,-73±16,and38±17 Wm^(-2)during strong anthropogenic events,-48±12,-85±24,and 37±15 Wm^(-2)during strong dust event,and -68±19,-117±38,and 49±21 Wm-2during extreme dust events.Increase in aerosol loading enhanced the aerosol-induced atmospheric heating rate to 0.5–1.6 K day^(-1)(strong anthropogenic events),0.4–1.9 K day^(-1)(strong dust events) and 0.8–2.7 K day^(-1)(extreme dust events).The source regions of air masses to Dushanbe during the onset of such events are also identified.Our study contributes to the understanding of dust and anthropogenic aerosols,in particular the extreme events and their disproportionally high radiativ

关键词： Dust events Aerosol optical properties AERONET Dushanbe Central Asia