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Pollen analysis reveals the effects of uncovered interactions,pollen-carrying structures,and pollinator sex on the structure of wild bee-plant networks

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 971-988页

作者： Clément Tourbez Carmelo Gómez-Martínez MiguelÁngel Gonzalez-Estévez Amparo Lazaro Mediterranean institute for advanced studies(UIB-CSIC) Global Change Research GroupEsporlesBalearic IslandsSpain Department of Biology Ecology AreaUniversity of the Balearic/slandsPalmaSpain

Pollination networks are increasingly used to model the complexity of interactions between pollinators and flowering plants in *** methods exist to sample these interactions,with direct observations of plant-pollinator contacts in the field being by far the most *** the identification of pollen carried by pollinators allows uncovering interactions and increasing sample sizes,the methods used to build pollen-transport networks are variable and their effect on network structure remains *** understand how interaction sampling influences the structure of networks,we analyzed the pollen found on wild bees from eight communities across Mallorca Island and investigated the differences in pollen loads between bee body parts(scopa ***)and *** then assessed how these differences,as well as the uncovered interactions not detected in the field,influenced the structure of wild bee-plant *** identified a higher quantity and diversity of pollen in the scopa than in the rest of the female body,but these differences did not lead to differences in structure between plant-pollination(excluding scopa pollen)and bee-feeding interaction(including scopa pollen)***,networks built with pollen data were richer in plant species and interactions and showed lower modularity and specialization(H2'),and higher nestedness than visitation networks based on field *** interactions with plants were stronger compared to those of males,although not ***,females were more generalist(low d')and tended to be more central in interaction networks,indicating their more key role structuring pollination networks in comparison to *** study highlights the importance of palynological data to increase the resolution of networks,as well as to understand important ecological questions such as the differences between plant-pollination and bee-feeding interaction networks,and the role of sexes in pollination.

关键词： palynology pollen-transport networks pollination role of bee sexes sampling methodology visitation networks

Recent progress and prospects of electrolytes for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction toward ammonia

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 3-16页

作者： Sajid Mahmood Haiyan Wang Fang Chen Yijun Zhong Yong Hu Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for advanced Catalysis Materials Department of ChemistryZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China The Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics(CAMB) Gulf University for Science and TechnologyMishref 32093Kuwait Hangzhou institute of advanced studies Zhejiang Normal UniversityHangzhou 311231China

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction(ENRR) provides a promising strategy to achieve sustainable synthesis of ammonia. However, despite great efforts devoted to this research field, the problems such as low energy efficiency and weak selectivity still impede its practical implementation. Most of the research to date has been concentrated on creating sophisticated electrocatalysts, and adequate knowledge of electrolytes is still lacking. Herein, the recent progress in electrolytes for ENRR, including alkaline, neutral,acidic, water-in-salt, organic, ionic liquid, and mixed water-organic electrolytes, is thoroughly reviewed to obtain an in-depth understanding of their effects on electrocatalytic performance. Recently developed representative electrocatalysts in various types of electrolytes are also introduced, and future research priorities of different electrolytes are proposed to develop new and efficient ENRR systems.

关键词： Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction Ammonia Electrolytes Production rate Faradaic efficiency

Comparative study on pump frequency tuning and self-injection locking in Kerr microcomb generation

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第8期22卷 58-63页

作者： Zhuopei Yu Weihong Hua Chenxi Zhang Runlin Miao Ke Yin Tian Jiang College of advanced Interdisciplinary studies National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China National Innovation institute of Defense Technology Academy of Military Sciences PLA ChinaBeijing 100071China institute for Quantum Science and Technology National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

The optical frequency comb has attracted considerable interest due to its diverse applications in optical atomic clocks,ultra-low-noise microwave generation,dual-comb spectroscopy,and optical *** merits of large frequency spacing,high integration,and low power consumption have shown that microresonator-based Kerr optical frequency combs will become mainstream in the *** methods of pump frequency tuning and self-injection locking were used to obtain Kerr combs in the same silicon nitride microresonators with free spectral ranges of 50 GHz and 100 *** combs are realized with both ***,pump power,spectrum bandwidth,conversion efficiency,and linewidth are compared and *** results show that the advantages of pump frequency tuning are a wider spectrum and higher soliton power while the advantages of self-injection locking are simplicity,compactness,low cost,significant linewidth narrowing,and high conversion efficiency.

关键词： Kerr frequency comb silicon nitride frequency tuning self-injection locking soliton comb

Toward a comprehensive hypothesis of oxygen-evolution reaction in the presence of iron and gold

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 172-183,I0005页

作者： Negah Hashemi Jafar Hussain Shah Cejun Hu Subhajit Nandy Pavlo Aleshkevych Sumbal Farid Keun Hwa Chae Wei Xie Taifeng Liu Junhu Wang Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour Department of Chemistry Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences(IASBS)Zanjan 45137-66731Iran Center for advanced Mössbauer Spectroscopy Mössbauer Effect Data CenterDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023LiaoningChina Key Lab of advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage CenterCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China advanced Analysis Center Korea Institute of Science and TechnologySeoul 02792Republic of Korea institute of Physics Polish Academy of SciencesWarsaw 02-668Poland National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Hybrid Nanomaterials Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004HenanChina Center of Climate Change and Global Warming Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences(IASBS)Zanjan 45137-66731Iran Research Center for Basic Sciences&Modern Technologies(RBST) Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences(IASBS)Zanjan 45137-66731Iran

This study investigates the effects of Fe on the oxygen-evolution reaction(OER)in the presence of *** distinct areas of OER were identified:the first associated with Fe sites at low overpotential(~330 mV),and the second with Au sites at high overpotential(~870 mV).Various factors such as surface Fe concentration,electrochemical method,scan rate,potential range,concentration,method of adding K_(2)Fe O_(4),nature of Fe,and temperature were varied to observe diverse behaviors during OER for Fe O_(x)H_(y)/*** amounts of Fe ions had a significant impact on OER,reaching a saturation point where the activity did not increase *** electronic interaction between Fe and Au ions was indicated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)*** situ visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of Fe O_(4)^(2-)during *** situ Mossbauer and surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)analyses suggest the involvement of Fe-based species as intermediates during the rate-determining step of OER.A lattice OER mechanism based on Fe O_(x)H_(y)was proposed for operation at low *** functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that Fe oxide,Fe-oxide clusters,and Fe doping on the Au foil exhibited different activities and stabilities during *** study provides insights into the interplay between Fe and Au in OER,advancing the understanding of OER mechanisms and offering implications for the design of efficient electrocatalytic systems.

关键词： DFT calculation Fe/Au electrocatalysis Mechanism Oxygen evolution Water oxidation

A new approach to pedestal differentiation for soil loss estimation-a case study from a burnt area in north-central Portugal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第3期35卷 45-54页

作者： Frank G.A.Verheijen Martinho A.S.Martins Sergio A.Prats Jan J.Keizer Centre for Environmental and Marine studies(CESAM) Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Mediterranean institute for Agriculture Environment and Development(MED-CHANGE)Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversity of EvoraPolo da MitraAp.947006-554 EvoraPortugal GeoBiociencias Geotecnologias E Geoengenharias(GEOBIOTEC)Department Environment and PlanningUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal

Soil pedestals have long been used as qualitative indicators of soil splash *** rangelands,plant-capped pedestals,generally grass tussocks,have also been used to quantitatively estimate soil loss since the first half of the twentieth *** agricultural lands,forests,and bad-lands,stone-capped pedestals have been used as qualitative and semi-quantitative indicators of active,'extreme'*** work has been reported on using capstone pedestal data for quantifying soil *** postulate that three distinct capstone pedestal types may be present in any given location and that a detailed analysis of a pedestal height histogram may be used to recognize their *** analysis can subsequently inform if soil loss can be reliably estimated and if so,which of the existing methods using pedestal height data will provide more accurate *** three proposed capstone pedestal types are:(1)neo-pedestals formed underneath surface stones exposed by(partial)removal of the soil surface cover;(2)endo-pedestals formed underneath stones that were buried in the soil but have been exposed by erosion;and(3)phoenix-pedestals formed underneath stones from collapsed *** the pedestal height histogram of any given location,a skew to smaller heights may indicate the existence of endo-and/or phoenix-pedestals,which may be revealed as a bi-(or tri)modal distribution when using a smaller bin *** concept was applied to a case study where soil loss had been monitored for control plots and mulched plots during a 5-year period following wildfire in a eucalypt *** measured pedestal heights and used methods to quantitatively assess soil loss from soil pedestal data in the available *** pedestal data at the end of the 5-year period under or overestimated soil loss in the control treatment,with results ranging from 60 to 115%of measured soil loss,depending on the *** is postulated that phoenix-and endo-pedestals may be a driving fact

关键词： Soil pedestals Mulch Wildfire Soil erosion Char

High-order Autler–Townes splitting in electrically tunable photonic molecules

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Photonics Research 2024年第8期12卷 1794-1801页

作者： YIHAO CHEN JUNTAO DUAN JIN LI YAN CHEN JIEWEN LI JIANAN DUAN XIAOCHUAN XU JIAWEI WANG School of Integrated Circuit Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China College of advanced Interdisciplinary studies National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China National Key Laboratory of Laser Spatial Information Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China

Whispering gallery mode optical microresonators represent a promising avenue for realizing optical analogs of coherent light–atom interactions,circumventing experimental ***-optical analogs of Autler–Townes splitting have been widely demonstrated,harnessing coupled optical microresonators,also known as photonic molecules,wherein the strong coupling between resonant fields enables energy level ***,we report the characterizations of Autler–Townes splitting in waveguide-coupled microring dimers featuring mismatched *** exploiting backscattering-induced coupling via Rayleigh and Mie scatterers in individual rings,high-order Autler–Townes splitting has been realized,yielding supermode hybridization in a multi-level *** resonance detuning using an integrated phase shifter,intra-cavity coupling-induced splitting becomes almost indistinguishable at the zero-detuning point where the strong inter-cavity coupling counteracts the imbalance of backscattering strengths in individual *** demonstrations on the maturing silicon photonics platform,our findings establish a framework of electrically tunable photonic molecules for coupling-mediated Autler–Townes splitting,offering promising prospects for on-chip signal generation and processing across classical and quantum regimes.

关键词： tunable tuning waveguide

Bismuth clusters pinned on TiO_(2) porous nanowires boosting charge transfer for CO_(2) photoreduction to CH_(4)

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Nano Research 2024年第3期17卷 1190-1198页

作者： Jiazhi Meng Kaiwen Wang Yang Wang Jiangping Ma Chaogang Ban Yajie Feng Bin Zhang Kai Zhou Liyong Gan Guang Han Danmei Yu Xiaoyuan Zhou College of Physics and institute of advanced Interdisciplinary studies Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Properties of advanced Materials Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Analytical and Testing Center Chongqing UniversityChongqing 401331China

Artificial photosynthesis in carbon dioxide(CO_(2))conversion into value-added chemicals attracts considerable attention but suffers from the low activity induced by sluggish separation of photogenerated carriers and the kinetic bottleneck-induced unsatisfied ***,we prepare a new-style Bi/TiO_(2) catalyst formed by pinning bismuth clusters on TiO_(2) nanowires through being confined by pores,which exhibits high activity and selectivity towards photocatalytic production of CH_(4) from CO_(2).Boosted charge transfer from TiO_(2) through Bi to the reactants is revealed via in situ X-ray photon spectroscopy and time-resolved photoluminescence(PL).Further,in situ Fourier transform infrared results confirm that Bi/TiO_(2) not only overcomes the multi-electron kinetics challenge of CO_(2) to CH_(4) via boosting charge transfer,but also facilitates proton production and transfer as well as the intermediates*CHO and*CH_(3)O generation,ultimately achieving the tandem catalysis towards *** calculation also underlies that the more favorable reaction step from*CO to*CHO on Bi/TiO_(2) results in CH_(4) production with higher *** work brings new insights into rational design of photocatalysts with high performance and the formation mechanism of CO_(2) to CH_(4) for solar energy storage in future.

关键词： carbon dioxide(CO_(2))photoreduction charge transfer tandem catalysis methanation

Cryptanalysis of DBST, a lightweight block cipher

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第4期18卷 219-221页

作者： Sadegh SADEGHI Nasour BAGHERI Department of Mathematics Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences(IASBS)Zanjan 45137-66731Iran Research Center for Basic Sciences and Modern Technologies(RBST) Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences(IASBS)Zanjan 45137-66731Iran Electrical Engineering Department Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training UniversityTehran 16788-15811Iran School of Computer Science(SCS) Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences(IPM)Tehran 19395-5531Iran

1 Introduction Conventional cryptographic primitives are not suitable for resource-constrained ***,numerous lightweight primitives have been proposed over the past decade,specifically tailored for such ***,such ciphers would not be used in a real-world application unless they were thoroughly tested for security against existing *** this direction,DBST[1]cipher has been recently proposed by Yan et *** balance security,cost,and efficiency,DBST has implemented a novel 4-branch generalized Feistel variant *** this structure,a 2-branch XOR operation has been incorporated in the middle section,establishing interconnections between all *** the other hand,by leveraging the bit-slice technique and subkeys,the algorithm introduces an innovative approach to constructing a dynamic S-box *** designers of DBST cipher have extensively investigated its resistance to known attacks such as linear and differential cryptanalysis,as well as impossible differential cryptanalysis,among *** them,the objective of differential cryptanalysis[2]is to identify high-probability characteristics in the plaintext that are transmitted to the ciphertext,known as distinguishers.

关键词： structure. primitive branch

Upgraded durian genome reveals the role of chromosome reshuffling during ancestral karyotype evolution,lignin biosynthesis regulation,and stress tolerance

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1266-1279页

作者： Wanwan Li Xin Chen Jianing Yu Yuxian Zhu College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Gene Research College of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China The institute for advanced studies Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Durian(Durio zibethinus)is a tropical fruit that has a unique flavor and *** occupies a significant phylogenetic position within the Malvaceae *** core-eudicot plants are reported to share seven ancestral karyotypes that have undergone reshuffling,resulting in an abundant genomic ***,the ancestral karyotypes of the Malvaceae family,as well as the evolution trajectory leading to the28 chromosomes in durian,remain poorly ***,we report the high-quality assembly of the durian genome with comprehensive comparative genomic *** analyzing the collinear blocks between cacao and durian,we inferred 11 Malvaceae ancestral *** blocks were present in a single-copy form in cacao and mainly in triplicates in durian,possibly resulting from a recent whole genome triplication(WGT)event that led to hexaploidization of the durian genome around 20(17–24)million years ago.A large proportion of the duplicated genes in durian,such as those involved in the lignin biosynthesis module for phenylpropane biosynthesis,are derived directly from whole genome duplication,which makes it an important force in reshaping its genomic *** studies have revealed that genes involved in feruloyl-Co A formations were highly preferentially expressed in fruit peels,indicating that the thorns produced on durian fruit may comprise guaiacyl and syringyl *** all the analyzed transcription factors(TFs),members of the heat shock factor family(HSF)were the most significantly upregulated under heat *** subfamilies of genes encoding heat shock proteins(HSPs)in the durian genome appear to have undergone *** potential interactions between HSF Dzi05.397 and HSPs were examined and experimentally *** study provides a high-quality durian genome and reveals the reshuffling mechanism of ancestral Malvaceae chromosomes to produce the durian *** also provide insights into the mechanism underlying lignin bi

关键词： Durio zibethinus whole genome duplication whole genome triplication Malvaceae ancestral karyotypes chromosome reshuffling lignin biosynthesis heat stress