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Overview of HIV drug resistance and its implications for China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2006年第23期119卷 1999-2004页

作者： Maria Au Jessica Haberer Division of Treatment and Care National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100050 China

Since the initiation of China＇s nationwide free antiretroviral therapy （ART） in 2002, the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART） in China has increased dramatically. HAART has been proven to prolong survival and control HIV disease progression. At the same time, experience in developed countries indicates that the high mutation rate of the virus in the presence of HAART is associated with drug resistance and diminished efficacy. The increase in HAART availability and use in China therefore also comes with the potential for increased resistance. Transmission of drug-resistant strains to individuals who have never been exposed to ART is on the rise. Moreover, studies have shown that new infections by drug-resistant virus result in suboptimal response to ART. With the rapid scale up of ART in China in recent years, the prevalence of HIV drug resistance will likely increase, posing a major public health concern in China. This review article provides an overview of ART resistance, the current worldwide trends in HIV drug resistance, the effect of HIV drug resistance in clinical management, and the implications for China＇s HIV treatment and care.

关键词： human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance antiretroviral therapy mutation

New policies and strategies to tackle HIV/aids in China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2012年第7期125卷 1331-1337页

作者： ZHAO Yan Katharine E.Poundstone Julio Montaner WU Zun-you Division of Treatment and Care National Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

Over the past decade, China has made remarkable progress in promoting universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care and support. As a result, overall aids mortality among treatment eligible patients dropped 63.9% between 2002 and 2009. However, many key challenges remain in the early identification of HIV-positive individuals and timely provision of antiretroviral treatment （ART）. To address these challenges, the Chinese government has taken steps to translate the latest scientific research findings into its newly issued national aids policy and strategy. China＇s recent adoption of ＂Treatment as prevention＂ to reduce HIV incidence and HIV/aids related morbidity and mortality is intended to held achieve the United Nations Millennium Develooment Goals by 2015.

关键词： acquired immune deficiency syndrome policy strategy

Antiviral Activity of Dual-acting Hydrocarbon-stapled Peptides against HIV-1 Predominantly Circulating in China

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2017年第6期30卷 398-406页

作者： WANG Yan CURRELI Francesca XU Wei Si LI Zhen Peng KONG De Sheng REN Li HONG Kun Xue JIANG Shi Bo SHAO Yi Ming DEBNATH Asim K MA Li Ying State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease prevention and control National Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease prevention and control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionCollaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeuhing 102206China Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Lindsley F.Kimball Research Institute of the New York Blood CenterNew York 10065USA Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health Shanghai Medical College and Institute of Medical MicrobiologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

Objective New rationally designed i,i＋7-hydrocarbon-stapled peptides that target both HIV-1 assembly and entry have been shown to have antiviral activity against HIV-1 subtypes circulating in Europe and North America. Here, we aimed to evaluate the antiviral activity of these peptides against HIV-1 subtypes predominantly circulating in China. Methods The antiviral activity of three i,i＋7-hydrocarbon-stapled peptides, NYAD-36, NYAD-67, and NYAD-66, against primary HIV-1 CRF07_BC and CRFOI_AE isolates was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PI3MCs）. The activity against the CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE Env-pseudotyped viruses was analyzed in TZM-bl cells. Results We found that all the stapled peptides were effective in inhibiting infection by all the primary HIV-1 isolates tested, with 50% inhibitory concentration toward viral replication （ICso） in the low micromolar range. NYAD-36 and NYAD-67 showed better antiviral activity than NYAD-66 did. We further evaluated the sensitivity of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC Env-pseudotyped viruses to these stapled peptides in a single-cycle virus infectivity assay. As observed with the primary isolates, the ICs0s were in the low micromolar range, and NYAD-66 was less effective than NYAD-36 and NYAD-67. Conclusion Hydrocarbon-stapled peptides appear to have broad antiviral activity against the predominant HIV-1 viruses in China. This finding may provide the impetus to the rational design of peptides for future antiviral therapy.

关键词： Hydrocarbon-stapled peptide HIV-1 CRF07 BC CRFOI_AE Antiviral activity

Evaluation of PIMA Point-of-care CD4 Analyzer in Yunnan, China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2015年第7期128卷 890-895页

作者： Jun Liang Song Duan Yan-Ling Ma Ji-Bao Wang Ying-Zhen Su Hui Zhang Chin-Yih Ou Ling Hao Ming-Shan Qi Marc Bulterys Larry Westerman Yan Jiang Yao Xiao Department of aids/std prevention National HIV/HCV Reference Laboratory National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China Department of Laboratory Tongzhou Blood Center Beijing 101100 China Department of aids/std prevention Dehong Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention Dehong Yunnan 678400 China Department of aids/std prevention Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Kunming Yunnan 650022 China Global aids Program-China Office US Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100600 China International Laboratory Branch Division of Global HIV/AIDS Center for Global Health U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30329 USA

Background： CD4 count is used to determine antiretroviral therapy （ART） eligibility. In China, flow cytometers are mostly located in urban areas with limited access by patients residing in remote areas. In an attempt to address this issue, we conducted a study to validate the performance ofAlere PIMA point-of-care CD4 analyzer. Methods： Venous and finger-prick blood specimens were collected from HIV-positive participants from two voluntary counseling and testing sites in Yunnan Province. Both venous and finger-prick blood specimens were tested with the PIMA analyzer. Venous blood specimens tested with the Becton Dickinson FACSCalibur were used as a reference. Results： Venous specimens from 396 and finger-prick specimens from 387 persons were available for analysis. CD4 counts by PIMA correlated well with those from FACSCalibur with an R2 of 0.91 for venous blood and 0.81 for finger-prick blood. Compared to FACSCalibur, the PIMA analyzer yielded lower counts with a mean bias of- 47.0 cells/μl （limit of agreement, [LOA]： -204-110 cells/μl） for venous blood and -71.0 cells/μl （LOA： -295-153 cells/μl） for finger-prick blood. For a CD4 threshold of 350 cells/μl, the positive predictive value （PPV） of PIMA was 84.2% and 75.7% and the negative predictive value （NPV） was 97.6% and 95.8% for venous and finger-prick blood, respectively. For an ART threshold of 500 cells/μl, the corresponding PPV was 90.3% and 84.0% and NPV was 94.3% and 93.4%, respectively. Conclusions： CD4 counting using venous blood with PIMA analyzers is a feasible alternative to a large flow cytometer to determine ART eligibility.

关键词： CD4 Counts Finger-prick HIV Point-of-care Venous Blood

Serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 as a prognostic factorin cholangiocarcinoma: A meta-analysis

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Frontiers of Medicine 2010年第4期4卷 457-462页

作者： Shang-Long LIU Zi-Fang SONG Qing-Gang HU Duo SHAN Shao-Bo HU Jun LI Qi-Chang ZHENG Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China National Center for aids/std control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100050China

This study was performed to determine the prognostic role of preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9 levels in the survival of patients with *** published up to June 1st,2010 that evaluated preoperative CA19-9 levels and the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma were collected for *** required information for calculating indivi-dual relative risk(RR)was extracted from the studies,and a combined overall RR was *** eligible studies were *** study dealt with extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma,while the other eight studies analyzed intra-hepatic *** mean methodolo-gical quality score was 74.1%,ranging from 65.5%to 82.5%.The overall RR for the nine studies was 1.28(95%conﬁdence interval=1.10–1.46),and the Z-score for overall effect was 13.83(P<0.001).The association between serum CA19-9 level and lymph node involvement was also *** combined RR was 1.471(95%conﬁdence interval=0.411–5.264)and Z-score for overall effect was 0.59(P=0.553).CA19-9 levels were associated signiﬁcantly with the prognosis of patients with *** meta-analysis shows that elevation of preoperative CA19-9 levels is correlated with a poor prognosis of patients with ***,larger scale and randomized studies are needed to draw a more substantive conclusion.

关键词： cholangiocarcinoma prognostic factors serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9

Global Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Subtype C and Its Impact on the Circulation of B/C Recombination Strains in China

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2022年第4期4卷 157-160页

作者： Zhanmou Liu Yanling Liang Yi Feng Kang Li Yiming Shao Guangxi Key Laboratory of aids prevention and Treatment and Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of prevention and control of Highly Prevalent Disease School of Public HealthGuangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina Division of Research on Virology and Immunology National Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina

This study aimed to reconstruct the origin and worldwide epidemic history of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)1 subtype C and comprehend how HIV-1 subtype C was introduced into and spread throughout China in the formof B/C recombinant *** sequences ofHIV-1 subtype C and some other subtypes deposited before December 31,2020 were downloaded from the Los Alamos HIV Database and the Chinese National Center for aids/std control and prevention *** available sequences were screened for quality,and Bayesian analysis was used to build the maximum clade credibility evolutionary tree to analyze and judge the origin and spread of HIV-1 subtype ***-1 subtype C originated in central Africa around 1952,then spread to southern Africa around 1969 and to eastern Africa around ***-1 subtype C fromsouthern Africa was introduced into India in ***-1 subtype C of eastern Africa was introduced into Brazil in *** HIV-1 subtype C was exported to China in three migration events during the period from 1986 to *** two predominant recombinants in China(CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC)emerged in 1988 and 1990,*** B/C recombinants,namely,CRF64_BC,CRF61_BC and CRF62_BC,originated in 1993,2002 and 2000,*** study has reconstructed the global origin and evolutionary history of HIV-1 subtype *** addition,our study demonstrated that the Chinese HIV-1 subtype C originated from three related Indian lineages around the mid to late 1980s and,since then,has formed some B/C recombinants with subtype B that caused a widespread epidemic in China.

关键词： HIV-1 subtype C origin B/C recombination strains China global

Current progress of China’s free ART program

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Cell Research 2005年第Z1期 877-882页

作者： Jennifer PAN Division of Treatment and Care National Center for std/aids prevention and control Chinese Center for Disease Preven- tion and control Beijing 100050 China

China’s Free ART Program was initiated in 2002 as an emergency response to save and improve the lives of aids patients living mainly in impoverished rural regions of central China. With little experience in HIV/aids treatment and care and resource limitations, China’s efforts to provide widespread access to free antiretroviral therapy has been a process fraught with difficulty. However, the Free ART Program is progressing from an emergency response to a standardized treatment and care system. The development of national guidelines, training programs, a laboratory sup- port network, a national patient database, programs for special populations such as children and patients living with co- infections, and operational research has improved the scope and quality of the free treatment program. As of June 30, 2005, a total of 19,456 patients in 28 provinces, autonomous regions, and special municipalities had received free ART. Challenges stemming from the nature of China’s health system and patient population persist, but with strong govern- ment support and a diverse set of resources, China has the capacity to overcome these challenges and to provide nationwide access to high quality treatment and care.

关键词： human immunodeficiency virus acquired immune deficiency syndrome China antiretroviral therapy free ART program treatment and care.

Reliability and Validity of Chinese Version of the Addiction Severity Index among Drug Users in the Community

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2012年第6期25卷 684-689页

作者： LUO Wei GUO Cai Xia HAN De Lin LI Zhi Jun National Center for aids/std control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China Division of Cardiology Beo'ing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100050 China Division of aids/std control and prevention Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention Chengdu 610000 Sichuan China

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of a new Chinese version of the Addiction Severity Index （ASI-C） in drug users in the community. Methods Three hundred and eighty-one drug users in the community in Chengdu, Sichuan province were recruited. They were interviewed with a questionnaire consisting of the ASI-C revised on the basis of the previous Chinese version and 38 were interviewed for the second time at an interval of 7 days to evaluate test-retest reliability. Results Cronbach＇s c~ coefficients for the internal consistency of the scale varied from 0.49 to 0.86. Test-retest correlation coefficients ranged from 0.50 to 0.93. Criterion validity was found acceptable, as compared with the Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）. Conclusion The ASI-C presented acceptable reliability and validity in a sample of drug users in the community.

关键词： Addiction severity index Chinese version Reliability Validity Community

Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on the Spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Chaoyang District, Beijing, China： Using the Asian Epidemic Model

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Chinese Medical Journal 2017年第1期130卷 32-38页

作者： Li-Li Tao Min Liu Shu-Ming Li Jue Liu Shu-Lin Jiang Li-Juan Wang Feng-Ji Luo Ning Wang Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health Peking University Beijing 100191 China Department of std and aids prevention and control Beijing Chaoyang District Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 100021 China National Center for aids/std control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Beijing 102206 China

Background： Successful antiretroviral therapy （ART） has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）. We conducted a study to predict the potential effect of ART on the spread of HIV in Chaoyang District, Beijing, China, using the Asian Epidemic Model （AEM）. Methods： The AEM baseline workbook was used to determine the current infection status and to project the future spread of HIV under current conditions. We changed the input on the ART coverage from 2014 to 2025 and also modified the treatment eligibility in the AEM intervention workbook, in order to allow for analysis of the projected downstream impact of ART. Results： By gradually increasing the ART coverage rate from 29.7% （rate of 2013） to 40.0%, 50.0%, 60.0%, 70.0%, 80.0%, and 90.0% （at CD4＋ ≤350 cells/μl）, and by changing the dates of coverage from 2014 to 2020, the number of new infections showed a cumulative decline of 0.60%, 1.59%, 2.94%, 5.33%, 9.32%, and 14.98%, respectively. After 2020, the projected rates of infection rebounded slightly, so with the exception of the years with very high coverage （90.0%）, new infections continued to decrease. When we changed the initial threshold of therapy to CD4＋ cell counts ≤500 cells/μl, new infections decreased 6.00%, 11.64%, 15.92%, 21.11%, 26.92%, 33.05%, and 38.75%, respectively, under varying ART coverages. Conclusion： Our study demonstrates that the early initiation of ART for people living with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome （aids） has a positive effect in slowing the spread of HIV.

关键词： Antiretroviral Therapy Asian Epidemic Model Human Immunodeficiency Virus Impact Transmission