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Catalytic upgrading biomass-derived ethanol and acetic acid into C4 chemicals

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第11期67卷 3588-3613页

作者： Tingting Yan Mengting Zhang Runzhi Yuan Weili Dai College of Science Civil Aviation University of China School of Materials Science and Engineering & National institute for Advanced Materials Nankai University

Synthesis of value-added chemicals from biomass is an essential strategy to mitigate the global dependency on fossil resources and achieve the aim of carbon neutrality. Thereinto, ethanol and acetic acid are crucial biomass-derived platform ***, catalytic upgrading ethanol and acetic acid into C4 energy-intensive fuels and chemicals via the elongation of carbon backbone has received widespread attention. The primary focus of this review is to systematically describe the recent breakthrough in the conversion of ethanol or acetic acid to C4 chemicals including 1,3-butadiene, n-butenes, isobutene or *** attentions will be given to heterogeneous catalyst design strategies, reaction parameters on the catalytic performance along with the relevant mechanism investigations, as well as their future challenges and opportunities. The present review will provide the detailed insights into the synthesis of C4 chemicals from biomass-derived ethanol and acetic acid and shed a light on the development of highly efficient catalysts.

关键词： ethanol acetic acid C4 chemicals catalytic upgrading aldol condensation

Engineering g-C_(3)N_(4)based materials for advanced photocatalysis:Recent advances

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第2期9卷 166-197页

作者： Xin-Lian Song Lei Chen Li-Jiao Gao Jin-Tao Ren Zhong-Yong Yuan National institute for Advanced Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringSmart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science CenterNankai UniversityTianjin300350China Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Nankai UniversityTianjin300071China

Photocatalysis driven by abundant yet intermittent solar energy has considerable potential in renewable energy generation and environmental *** outstanding electronic structure and physicochemical properties of graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4)),together with unique metal-free characteristic,make them ideal candidates for advanced photocatalysts *** review summarizes the up-to-date advances on g-C_(3)N_(4)based photocatalysts from ingenious-design strategies and diversified photocatalytic ***,the advantages,fabrication methods and limitations of each design strategy are systemically *** order to deeply comprehend the inner connection of theory–structure–performance upon g-C_(3)N_(4)based photocatalysts,structure/composition designs,corresponding photocatalytic activities and reaction mechanisms are jointly discussed,associated with introducing their photocatalytic applications toward water splitting,carbon dioxide/nitrogen reduction and pollutants degradation,***,the current challenges and future perspectives for g-C_(3)N_(4)based materials for photocatalysis are briefly *** design strategies and limitations are also instructive for constructing g-C_(3)N_(4) based materials in other energy and environment-related applications.

关键词： Graphitic carbon nitride g-C_(3)N_(4) Design strategies Photocatalysis Photocatalysts Reaction mechanism

Spectral flow, Llarull's rigidity theorem in odd dimensions and its generalization

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第5期67卷 1103-1114页

作者： Yihan Li Guangxiang Su Xiangsheng Wang Chern institute of Mathematics&LPMC Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China School of Mathematics Shandong UniversityJinan 250100China

For a compact spin Riemannian manifold(M,g^(TM))of dimension n such that the associated scalar curvature kT M verifies that k^(TM)≥n(n-1),Llarull’s rigidity theorem says that any area-decreasing smooth map f from M to the unit sphere Sn of nonzero degree is an *** this paper,we present a new proof of Llarull’s rigidity theorem in odd dimensions via a spectral flow *** approach also works for a generalization of Llarull’s theorem when the sphere Sn is replaced by an arbitrary smooth strictly convex closed hypersurface in Rn+*** results answer two questions by Gromov(2023).

关键词： Dirac operator scalar curvature spectral flow

Davidson base as an appropriate base for the shell model in the case of 1p- and 1h- nuclei

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第10期76卷 94-100页

作者： Hadi Sobhani Yan-An Luo Amir Jalili Hassan Hassanabadi School of Physics Nankai University Department of Physics Zhejiang Sci-Tech University institute of Theoretical Physics Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw institute of Actuarial Science and Data Analytics UCSI University

This study endeavors to develop an improved set of basis functions for nuclear shell-model calculations. The shell model, a well-established approach to understanding nuclear structure,typically employs the harmonic oscillator potential within the mean-field approximation. Given the extensive validation and consistency of harmonic oscillator results with experimental data,we propose a modification by incorporating a centrifugal term that converges toward the Davidson potential. This potential has been extensively studied, and we aim to extract relevant experimental data for the simplest cases in the shell model, namely one-particle and one-hole nuclei. A comprehensive comparison between the Davidson-based results and the harmonic oscillator calculations is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new basis functions.

关键词： beta decay gamma transition nuclear structure shell-model calculations

An ultrafast rechargeable hybrid potassium dual-ion capacitor based on carbon quantum dot@ultrathin carbon film cathode

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Rare Metals 2024年第10期43卷 5070-5081页

作者： Zhao-Meng Liu Da Wang Shang-Zhuo Li Qing-Song Lai Dong-Run Yang Lu-Kang Zhao Jian-Jia Mu Xuan-Chen Wang Xuan-Wen Gao Wen-Bin Luo institute for Energy Electrochemistry and Urban Mines Metallurgy School of MetallurgyNortheastern University Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Nankai University

Ultrafast rechargeable hybrid potassium dualion capacitors （HPDICs） were designed by employing carbon quantum dot@ultrathin carbon film （CQD@CF） as the cathode *** designed CQD@CF is selfassembled by a simple catalytic graphitization route followed by an acid leaching *** special composite features a large adsorption interface,a remarkable anion hybrid storage capability and outstanding structure *** electrochemical performance of CQD@CF composite is fully tapped in a half-cell system at the operating voltage between 1.4 and 4.5 V,achieving an admirable specific discharge capacity of 128.5 mAh·g-1a 50 mA·g-1,an ultra-high capacity retention ratio of 97.97% after cycling 5000 times at 1000 mA·g-1and a 96.10%high capacity retention ratio after cycling 40,000 times at 5000 mA·g-1,***,with the support of ex situ TEM and XPS,the structural stability principle and anionic hybrid storage mechanism of CQD@CF electrode are investigated *** the full-cell system,HPDICs with the CQD@CF as cathode and nanographite powder as anode also present a 141.5 Wh·kg-1high energy density,a 5850 W·kg-1power density and a super-long cycle stability (90.2% capacity retention ratio after cycling 30,000 times at 5000 mA·g-1).

关键词： Anion hybrid storage mechanism Carbon quantum dots Potassium dual ion capacitor Ultrafast rechargeable Ultrathin carbon film

Heterometallic Ti-Zr oxo nanocluster photoresists for advanced lithography

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Science China Materials 2024年第10期67卷 3132-3141页

作者： Yang Qiao Guangyue Shi Ou Zhang You Li Michaela Vockenhuber Yasin Ekinci Feng Luo Lei Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai UniversityTianjin 300350China institute of modern Optics College of Electronic Information and Optical EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Paul Scherrer institute Laboratory for Micro and NanotechnologyVilligen CH-5232Switzerland

Extreme ultraviolet lithography(EUVL)and electron beam lithography(EBL)are considered to be crucial lithography techniques utilized in the fabrication of nanoscale semiconductor ***,the industry currently faces a scarcity of EUV photoresists that meet the increasingly challenging standards in terms of resolution,sensitivity and *** oxo nanoclusters have garnered significant interest in the field of EUV photoresist due to their relatively stronger absorption cross-section for extreme ultraviolet light and lower *** this study,we utilize a heterometallic nanocluster strategy by a combination of titanium and zirconium metals to investigate their solubility,assess the suitability of various developers,and evaluate their performance in electron-beam and EUVL,as well as study their etch resistance for pattern *** demonstrate that R-4 is able to get a critical dimension(CD)of 25 nm at low doses under EBL,as well as 50 nm resolution at EUVL with a remarkable sensitivity of 19.7 mJ cm−*** study offers an efficient heterometallic method for optimizing the lithographic performance of metal oxo nanocluster photoresists,which can benefit the development of commercially viable next-generation EUV photoresists.

关键词： heterometallic nanocluster photoresists electron beam lithography extreme ultraviolet lithography

CRISPR-based genetic screens advance cancer immunology

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Science China Life Sciences 2024年

作者： Yuanfang Cao Xueting Li Yumu Pan Huahe Wang Siyu Yang Lingjuan Hong Lupeng Ye institute of modern Biology Nanjing University

CRISPR technologies have revolutionized research areas ranging from fundamental science to translational medicine. CRISPR-based genetic screens offer a powerful platform for unbiased screening in various fields, such as cancer immunology. Immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)therapy has been shown to strongly affect cancer treatment. However, the currently available ICBs are limited and do not work in all cancer patients. Pooled CRISPR screens enable the identification of previously unknown immune regulators that can regulate T-cell activation,cytotoxicity, persistence, infiltration into tumors, cytokine secretion, memory formation, T-cell metabolism, and CD4+T-cell *** novel targets can be developed as new immunotherapies or used with the current ICBs as new combination therapies that may yield synergistic efficacy. Here, we review the progress made in the development of CRISPR technologies, particularly technological advances in CRISPR screens and their application in novel target identification for immunotherapy.

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Simulation of nuclear isomer production in laser-induced plasma

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第5期9卷 1-9页

作者： Zhiguo Ma Yumiao Wang Yi Yang Youjing Wang Kai Zhao Yixin Li Changbo Fu Wanbing He Yugang Ma Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application(MoE) Institute of Modern PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

Nuclear isomers play essential roles in various fields,including stellar nucleosynthesis,nuclear clocks,nuclear batteries,clean nuclear energy,and-ray *** technological advances in high-intensity lasers have made it possible to excite or de-excite nuclear isomers using table-top laser *** a particle-in-cell code,we investigate the interaction of a laser with a nanowire array and calculate the production rates of the^(73m)Ge(E_(1)=13.3 keV)and^(107m)Ag(E_(1)=93.1 keV)***^(73m1)Ge,production by Coulomb excitation is found to contribute a peak efficiency of 1.0×10^(19) particles s^(−1)J^(−1),while nuclear excitation by electron capture(NEEC)contributes a peak of 1.65×10^(11)particles s^(−1)J^(−1).These results indicate a high isomeric production ratio,as well as demonstrating the potential for confirming the existence of NEEC,a long-expected but so far experimentally unobserved fundamental process.

关键词： process. isomers excitation

Efficient second and third harmonic generation in dual-layer lithium niobate microdisk resonator

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 33-38页

作者： Zhenzhong Hao Xiao Wu Qiang Luo Zhang Li Rui Ma Fang Bo Feng Gao Guoquan Zhang Jingjun Xu MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics TEDA Institute of Applied Physics and School of PhysicsNankai UniversityTianjin 300457China

Lithium niobate thin film frequency doubler has extensive applications in the preparation of classical and quantum *** this study,we successfully fabricated microdisk resonators with a quality factor of 2.2×10^(5) in reverse-polarization dual-layer x-cut lithium niobate for the first *** on the modal phase matching condition,efficient second harmonic generation with a record normalized conversion efficiency of~56000%W-1 and cascaded third harmonic generation with an efficiency of~6500%W-2 were obtained in the microdisk *** with the periodically poled lithium niobate microcavity,the complex domain structure preparation processes are *** work provides a scheme for achieving highly efficient second-order nonlinear effects in non-periodically poled microcavities.

关键词： harmonic lithium niobate