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The Jehol Biota, an Early Cretaceous terrestrial Lagerst ¨atte: new discoveries and implications

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National Science Review 2014年第4期1卷 543-559页

作者： Zhonghe Zhou Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences

The study of the Early Cretaceous terrestrial Jehol Biota,which provides a rare window for reconstruction of a Lower Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem,is reviewed with a focus on some of the latest progress.A newly proposed deinition of the biota based on paleoecology and taphonomy is *** the Jehol fossils are mainly preserved in two types of sedimentary rocks,there are various types of preservation with a complex mechanism that remains to be *** discoveries of signiicant taxa from the Jehol Biota,with an updated introduction of its diversity,conirm that the Jehol Biota represents one of the most diversiied biotas of the *** evolutionary signiicance of major biological groups(***,birds,mammals,pterosaurs,insects,and plants)is discussed mainly in the light of recent discoveries,and some of the most remarkable aspects of the biota are *** global and local geological,paleogeographic,and paleoenvironmental background of the Jehol Biota have contributed to the unique composition,evolution,and preservation of the biota,demonstrating widespread faunal exchanges between Asia and other continents caused by the presence of the Eurasia–North American continental mass and its link to South America,and conirming northeastern China as the origin and diversiication center for a variety of Cretaceous biological *** some progress has been made on the reconstruction of the paleotemperature at the time of the Jehol Biota,much more work is needed to conirm a possible link between the remarkable diversity of the biota and the cold intervals during the Early ***,future directions for the study of the Jehol Biota are proposed that highlight the great potential of more comprehensive and multidisciplinary studies to further our understanding of the biological and geological implications of the Jehol Lagerst¨ate.

关键词： Jehol Biota Early Cretaceous Lagerst¨ate China terrestrial ecosystem

Evolution and distribution of medullary bone: evidence from a new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird

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National Science Review 2020年第6期7卷 1068-1078页

作者： Min Wang Jingmai K.O'Connor Alida M.Bailleul Zhiheng Li Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment

Living birds are unique among vertebrates in the formation of a female-specific bone tissue called medullary bone(MB) that is strictly associated with reproductive activity. MB is a rapidly mobilized source of calcium and phosphorus for the production of eggshell. Among living taxa, its skeletal distribution can be highly extensive such that it even exists in the ribs of some species. Due to its ephemeral nature, MB is rarely fossilized and so little is understood with regard to the origin of MB and its skeletal distribution in early *** we describe a new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird, Mirusavis parvus, gen. et. sp. nov., indicating that skeleton-wide distribution of MB appeared early in avian evolution. We suggest that this represents the plesiomorphic condition for the Aves and that the distribution of MB observed among extant neornithines is a product of increased pneumatization in this lineage and natural selection for more efficient distribution of MB.

关键词： Aves Cretaceous medullary bone phylogeny reproduction

Fossils of Macaca mulatta from Tianyuan Cave, with Notes on Some Previously Unpublished Specimens of Macaca from Zhoukoudian Area

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第5期88卷 1397-1408页

作者： TONG Haowen Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences

The recently discovered macaque fossils, including isolated teeth and mandible fragments, from Tianyuan Cave and the juvenile maxilla from Wanglaopu Cave near Zhoukoudian can be identified as Macaca mulatta; they represent the first recognized occurrence of fossil M. mulatta in the far north of China. Some previously unearthed but still unpublished Macaca specimens were also studied, including a cranium and the associated mandible from CKT Loc.13A, a maxilla and a mandible from Loc.1, a mandible from Loc.4, and a maxilla from Loc.20, as well as a mandible with complete toothrow from Zhoukoudian but without locality details, all of them can be referred to M. robusta. The study shows M. robusta is more closely related to M. mulatta than to M. anderssonL Zhoukoudian is the richest area of Macacina fossils in North China, totally 2 genera and 4 species were once recognized from 9 localities, namely, Procynocephalus wimani, M. cf. anderssoni, M. robusta and M. mulatta. The fossil records of Macacina in Zhoukoudian area were almost continuous through the Quaternary Period, and it＇s reasonable to assume that Zhoukoudian used to be an evolutionary center for macaques in North China. Therefore, the macaque population of M. mulatta once existed decades ago around Beijing probably originated from the Pleistocene ancestors in the local area, rather than being human-introduced as previously thought.

关键词： Macaca mulatta Macaca robusta Tianyuan Cave Zhoukoudian Pleistocene

On the horizon of Protopteryx and the early vertebrate fossil assemblages of the Jehol Biota

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第18期53卷 2820-2827页

作者： JIN Fan ZHANG FuCheng LI ZhiHeng ZHANG JiangYong LI Chun ZHOU ZhongHe institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China

Protopteryx, a monotypic fossil bird discovered from the Sichakou basin in Fengning, Hebei, is the most primitive enantiornithine currently known. The bird-bearing strata do not contain the index fossils of the Yixian Formation in western Liaoning; the fish and bird fossils have more primitive features than the related forms found in the Yixian Formation, and the conchostracans are those usually distributed in the Dabeigou and Dadianzi formations in northern Hebei. Besides, the Protopteryx-bearing strata underlie the deposits bearing the index fossils of the Yixian Formation in the neighboring basin. Thus, it could be confirmed that the horizon of Protopteryx should be lower than the Yixian Formation, and is approximately equivalent to the Dadianzi Formation in northern Hebei. This is the lowest horizon of the known fossil birds in China and Mesozoic enantiornithine birds in the world. Accompanying Protop- teryx, there are other birds, acipenseriform fishes, salamanders, and mammals, which compose the Peipiaosteus fengningensis-Protopteryx fengningensis assemblage. This new assemblage traces the vertebrate evolution history of the Jehol Biota back to 130.7 Ma before. It is suggested that the de- marcation of the Jehol Biota should be based on the large-scale tectonic-sedimentary cycles, and Peipiaosteus, instead of Lycoptera, could be taken as the vertebrate representative of the Jehol Biota.

关键词：脊椎动物化石地层古生物学研究方法

A new pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea, Tapejaridae) from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of western Liaoning, China and its implications for biostratigraphy

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第1期48卷 16-23页

作者： WANG Xiaolin & ZHOU Zhonghe institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China Correspondence should be addressed to Wang Xiaolin (e-mail: xlinwang @***) institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China

In this article we describe a new and excep-tionally well-preserved pterodactyloid pterosaur, Sinopterus dongi gen. et sp. nov. from the Jiufotang Formation in west-ern Liaoning Province of northeast China. The new species is referred to the family Tapejaridae, representing its first re-cord outside Brazil. It also represents the earliest occurrence as well as the most complete skeleton of the family. Some revisions are made about the family according to the mor-phological observations of the postcranial bones of Sinop-terus. Two pterosaur assemblages appear to have existed in the Jehol Group, represented by the lower Yixian Formation and upper Jiufotang Formation, respectively. The lower pterosaur assemblage shows some resemblance to that of the Late Jurassic in Solnhofen (Tithonian) by sharing members of the Pterodactylidae and Anurognathidae. The upper one shows more resemblance to that of the Early Cretaceous Santana Formation (Aptian/Albian) by comprising only pterodactyloids such as the Tapejaridae. The age of the Yixian Formation is younger than that of the Solnhofen lithographic limestone, and the age of the Jiufotang Forma-tion (Aptian) is slightly older than the Santana Formation.

关键词：辽西朝阳热河组生物地层白垩纪翼龙化石

Latest Neogene Paleoclimate Variation in Yunnan,Southwest China,Revealed by Fossil Leaf Physiognomy

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2023年第4期97卷 1268-1281页

作者： DAI Jing CHEN Weizhao HUANG Liang ZHANG Yi’nan School of Earth Science Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Ministry of Natural Resources Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration and Utilization Kunming 650051China Yunnan institute of Geological Survey Kunming 650216China institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China

Yunnan Province,located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,can provide important information on how climate change was influenced by global ***,its variation patterns in temperature and precipitation during the latest Neogene are not *** on the 357 specimens assigned to 31 morphotypes of plant fossils from the upper Pliocene Ciying Formation in Yiliang County,Yunnan Province,Southwest China,paleoclimate was estimated by Leaf Margin Analysis and Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate *** to the present climate,the mean annual temperature and coldest month temperature have not changed significantly since the late Pliocene,whereas the warmest month temperature has decreased *** precipitation-related parameters have decreased,particularly winter *** with the climatic data of the same period in other areas of Yunnan,the western and eastern Yunnan has shown a similar pattern in temperature variation since the late Pliocene except for central Yunnan;whereas the variation in precipitation does not follow a common law except for a consistent decrease in winter *** study reinforced the fact that under the background of global cooling and intensified monsoon systems,different areas of Yunnan exhibit different climatic responses to these changes because of their topographic heterogeneities.

关键词： plant fossil paleoclimate reconstruction monsoon Pliocene Yunnan

Discovery of fossil Nemacheilids (Cypriniformes,Teleostei,Pisces) from the Tibetan Plateau,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第5期55卷 714-727页

作者： WANG Ning CHANG Mee-mann Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Here described are the nemacheilid fossils from the Pliocene Lower Member of Qiangtang Formation in the Kunlun Pass Basin,northeastern Tibetan Plateau,at a locality 4769 m above the sea level (a.s.l.).The materials consist of numerous disarticulated and incomplete *** fish remains are assigned to the Nemacheilidae based on the fused compound centrum of the 2nd and 3rd vertebrae with developed bifurcate lateral processes of the 2nd *** fossils also include the maxilla,the dentary,the anguloarticular,the quadrate,the hyomandibular,the opercle,the basihyal,the urohyal,the anterior ceratohyal,the posterior ceratohyal,the interhyal and the *** bones are very similar to their counterparts in some species of a Recent nemacheilid genus,Triplophysa (Nemacheilidae,Cypriniformes),which is widely distributed on the Tibetan *** nemacheilid fossils are much more abundant than the remains of schizothoracines embedded in the same horizon at the same *** would imply that the number of individuals of Triplophysa was much higher than that of schizothoracines when they were alive in the *** Recent ichthyofauna of the Tibetan Plateau,Triplophysa prevails over schizothoracines in the number of individuals in the high elevations and small water *** on the fossil dominance of Triplophysa over schizothoracines and their taphonomical conditions,it appears that the water system at the Kunlun Pass area during the Pliocene might not be extensive lakes or large rivers with broad *** might have been a few mountainous,relatively torrential rivers with many small,shallow streams connecting the water systems from the north and south of the East Kunlun *** environment of the Kunlun Pass Basin area during the Pliocene must be very harsh,and the altitude of the area might already have been higher than we previously *** uplift of the area must be less than 1000 m since the Pliocene.

关键词：青藏高原东北部鲤形目双鱼座化石昆仑山垭口中国供水系统高海拔地区

Sauropterygian from Triassic of Guizhou,China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第14期44卷 1312-1316页

作者： LIU Juninstitute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100044, China institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

A new sauropterygian, Anshunsaurus huangguoshuensis, is described on the basis of a well-preserved skull from the Late Triassic Wayao Member of Falang Formation, Guizhou Province, southwestern China. It is ascribed to Eusauropterygia because it possesses the following characters: the rostrum is mainly composed by the premaxillae; the nasals are small,paired and separated from one another by the premaxillae; the external nares are close to the orbits; and the frontals are fused. Anshunsaurus differs from other Triassic sauropterygians in its large size, long rostrum and the supratemporal fenestrae slightly smaller than orbits. It is further considered to be closely related to Pistosaurus on the basis of the nasals contact with the prefrontals; large pineal foramen, lain in the anterior part of the parietal table; the squamosals not in contact posterior to the supratemporal fenestra. The discovery of Anshunsaurus with the ichthyosaurs in the same locality indicates a new assemblage of Triassic marine

关键词： Guizhou Province Late Triassic Sauropterygia.

Cretaceous basin evolution in northeast Asia:tectonic responses to the paleo-Pacific plate subduction

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National Science Review 2022年第1期9卷 144-161页

作者： Qing-Ren Meng Zhong-He Zhou Ri-Xiang Zhu Yi-Gang Xu Zheng-Tang Guo State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences

Cretaceous rift basin evolution was an important part of the tectonic history of northeast Asia in the late *** types of rift basins are identified—active,passive and wide rift basins—and they developed in different *** rift basins in the eastern North China craton are thought to be the consequence of crustal stretching and passive asthenospheric *** rift basins in the eastern Central Asian orogen are assumed to originate from gravitational collapse of the thickened and heated orogenic *** rift basins in the northern North China craton are attributed to uprising of asthenospheric materials along a lithospheric-scale tear *** tearing of the sub ducting paleo-Pacific plate is postulated and well explains the spatial distribution of different types of rift basins and the eastward shifting of magmatism in the northern North China *** Late Cretaceous witnessed a period of mild deformation and weak magmatism,which was possibly due to kinematic variation of the paleo-Pacific plate.

关键词： NE Asia Cretaceous rift basin volcanism paleo-Pacific plate