检索结果-南通市图书馆

Scales in the Early Cretaceous bird Gansus from China provide evidence on the evolution of avian scales

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Palaeogeography 2022年第4期11卷 640-652页

作者： Tao Zhao Zhi-Heng Li He Zhang Yan-Hong Pan State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research School of Earth Sciences and EngineeringCentre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers ScienceCenter for Critical Earth Material CyclingNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023Jiangsu ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China

Most modern birds have scales covering feet,but our knowledge of early avian scales is limited,mainly due to their scarcity in the fossil *** we describe the morphological details of scutellate and interstitial scales preserved in IVPP V15077,a specimen of the Early Cretaceous bird Gansus from the Changma Basin in northwestern Gansu Province,Northwest *** results,combined with previous reports of scutate and reticulate scales,show that all four types of scales present in modern birds already appeared in the Early *** phylogenetic distribution of skin appendages of feet,including feathers and scales,shows that non-avian dinosaurs already evolved scales resembling those in modern birds,and that scales can coexist with feathers on feet,suggesting that avian scales may be homologue with scales of non-avian ***,to further test this hypothesis,more research combined with a strengthened focus on detecting specimens with soft tissue preservation is necessary.

关键词： Foot scale Avian scale Feather Bird Dinosaur Changma Basin Early Cretaceous

An Asian origin for Sinomastodon(Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae) inferred from a new Upper Miocene specimen from Gansu of China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science China Earth Sciences 2014年第10期57卷 2522-2531页

作者： WANG ShiQi ZHAO DeSi XIE GuangPu SUN BoYang Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Industrial Occupational Technology College Gansu Provincial Museum

We report a fossil specimen referable to Sinomastodontinae gen. et sp. indet. from the Neogene strata at Yanghecun locality, Xihe County, Gansu Province, China. The specimen is characterized by a brevirostrine mandible, complete pretrite trefoils, and relatively simple posttrite half lophids, showing typical features of Sinomastodon. It differs from the other known species of Sinomastodon by the following features: relatively short and wide m3 due to fewer lophid numbers, less inflated pretrite accessory central conules, poorly developed secondary trefoils and cementum, and relatively strong cingulid. All of these features indicate a bias towards pleisiomorphies of Sinomastodon, implying that this specimen is more ancestral than any known species of Sinomastodon. The symphysis of the new specimen is relatively long, which differs from the typical brevirostrine Sinomastodon, and thus we consider it a gen. et sp. indet. in the Subfamily Sinomastodontinae. In addition, the horizon in which the present specimen was found probably represents the Upper Miocene because it is lower than Pliocene strata yielding Hipparion(Proboscidipparon) pater. Generally, Sinomastodon is considered to have migrated from North America at about the time of the Miocene/Pliocene boundary, and to have been derived from a certain clade of American gomphotheres. However, the discovery of the Yanghecun specimen verifies that Sinomastodon lived in East Asia during the Late Miocene, and probably derived from Old World gomphotheres(e.g., G. wimani). The similarity between the members of the Subfamilies Sinomastodontinae and those of Cuvieroniinae is suggested to have been the result of parallel evolution.

关键词：化石标本上新世甘肃省中国长鼻目血统亚洲典型特征

Dinosaur-associated Poaceae epidermis and phytoliths from the Early Cretaceous of China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

National Science Review 2018年第5期5卷 721-727页

作者： Yan Wu Hai-Lu You Xiao-Qiang Li Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment College of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Grasses(Poaceae) are human’s most important crop plants and among the most important extant clades of vascular plants. However, the origin and early evolution of grasses are controversial, with estimated ages from molecular dating ranging between 59 and 129 Ma(million years ago). Here we report the discovery of basalmost grasses from the late Early Cretaceous(Albian, 113-101 Ma) of China based on microfossils(silicified epidermal pieces and phytoliths) extracted from a special structure along the dentition of a basal hadrosauroid(duck-billed dinosaur). Thus, this discovery represents the earliest known grass fossils, and is congruent with previous estimations on grass origin and early evolution calibrated by oldest known fossil grasses, highlighting the role of fossils in molecular dating. This discovery also indicates deep-diverging grasses probably gained broad distribution across both Laurasian and Gondwanan continents during the Barremian(129-125 Ma).

关键词： Poaceae dinosaur phytolith epidermis Early Cretaceous

Pollen dispersal in traditional processing of buckwheat and its application in agricultural archaeology

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第12期61卷 1792-1803页

作者： Yang LIU Xue SHANG Pengfei SHENG Guoding SONG Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China Department of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Pollen, as an important index of the paleoenvironment and ancient human agricultural activities, is also one of the significant indicators for research on buckwheat agriculture. In order to test buckwheat pollen dispersal during each crop processing stage, we applied traditional processing simulation experiments of buckwheat crops in a modern village, to collect aerial pollen and perform statistical analysis. The result has shown that the distribution of buckwheat pollen in residential areas is closely related to human processing behaviour. Among all the processing procedures, pollen release rate is highest in the threshing and the sieving stages. The redistribution and burial of pollen during crop processing is an important reason for the prominent increase of crop pollen concentration in the cultural layer. Not only can it indicate the cultivation and processing behaviour of humans but also provide a basis for identifying the crop processing remains in archaeological sites and assessing the intensity of agricultural activities.

关键词： Buckwheat Crop processing Pollen dispersal Agricultural activities Agricultural archaeology

Early diversification of birds: Evidence from a new opposite bird

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第11期46卷 945-950页

作者： ZHANG Fucheng ZHOU Zhonghe HOU Lianhai GU Gang institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China institute of Archaeology of Liaoning Province Shenyang 120003China

A new enantiornithine bird Longipteryx chao-yangensis gen. et sp. nov. is described from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Chaoyang, western Liaoning Province. This new bird is distinguishable from other known enantiornithines in having uncinate processes in ribs, elongate jaws, relatively long wings and short hindlimbs, and metatarsal Ⅳ longer than metatarsals Ⅱ and Ⅲ. This new bird had probably possessed (i) modern bird-like thorax which provides firm attachment for muscles and indicates powerful and active respiratory ability; (ii) powerful flying ability; (iii) special adaptation for feeding on aquatic preys; and (iv) trochleae of metatarsals Ⅰ-Ⅳ almost on the same level, an adaptation for perching. The new bird represents a new ecological type different from all known members of Enantiornithes. It shows that enantiornithines had probably originated earlier than the Early Cretaceous, or this group had experienced a rapid radiation right after it first occurred in the early Early

关键词： Enantiornithes Early Cretaceous radiation.

On fossil remains of Early Pleistocene tapir (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) from Fanchang, Anhui

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第7期47卷 586-590页

作者： Tong Haowen Liu Jinyi Han Ligang institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences100044BeijingChina Anhui institute of Archaeology and Relics 230061HefeiChina

The materials of Tapirus from Renzidong, Fanchang, Anhui Province, are the best ones among the early most Pleistocene findings in China up to now, not only in richness, but also in completeness. The fossils contain complete tooth rows of both the upper and the lower, as well as most parts of the postcranial skeletons. These materials are very helpful in understanding the evolutionary level of this kind of animal. In morphology, the materials from Fanchang appear to be very similar to Tapirus sanyuanensis, and can be placed within this species. The materials from Fanchang provided sound evidence to distinguish the Early Pleistocene tapirs and the living form Tapirus indicus, As to the geological distribution, it can be tentatively concluded that Tapirus sanyuanensis and Tapirus sinensis only appeared in Early Pleistocene, Megatapirus appeared after Early Pleistocene, and lasted until Holocene. The Early Pleistocene tapirs of South China resemble Megatapirus more closely than Tapirus indicus.

关键词： Tapiridae Mammalia Early Pleistocene Fanchang Anhui.

Investigation of the controlled factors influencing carbon isotope composition of foxtail and common millet on the Chinese Loess Plateau

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第11期58卷 2296-2308页

作者： YANG Qing LI XiaoQiang Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geography Science Nanjing Normal University State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province)

To apply carbon isotope composition(? 13C) analyses of C4 plants to the quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimate, the functional mechanism linking plant ? 13C(? 13Cp) to the environment, which is based on the plants' physiological characteristics and morphological adaptability, must be thoroughly understood. Foxtail millet(Setaria italic) and common millet(Panicum miliaceum), as C4 plants, are representative crops of the rain-fed agriculture present in northern China. Fossil millets are ideal for paleoclimatic studies because of the ease of acquisition and identification to the species level. Modern seeds of foxtail and common millet collected from different habitats of the Chinese Loess Plateau, and their carbon isotope compositions, were analyzed and correlated with environmental factors, such as latitude, altitude, temperature, precipitation, water availability, and relative humidity. The results showed that the ? 13 C of foxtail millet had a significantly negative correlation with latitude(R=?0.46), which may indicate the influence of light. The effect of light on the ? 13 C of foxtail millet accounted for only 21% of variability, while other climatic factors did not exert significant influences. Thus, the ? 13 C of foxtail millet was not suitable for extracting climatic information. The ? 13 C of common millet was significantly and positively correlated with precipitation during the growing period(R=0.75), explaining 56% of variability. The functional mechanisms analyzed, using the plants' physiological characteristics and morphological adaptability, indicated that common millet can adapt to environmental changes because of stomatal sensitivity and some non-stomatal factors. Therefore, the ? 13 C of common millet can record precipitation during growth and is a promising factor for paleoclimatic reconstruction.

关键词：碳同位素组成中国黄土高原谷子控制因素糜子形态适应性古气候重建 C4植物

A Middle Triassic stem-neopterygian fish from China shows remarkable secondary sexual characteristics

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science Bulletin 2016年第4期61卷 338-344页

作者： Guang-Hui Xu Li-Jun Zhao Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Zhejiang Museum of Natural History Hangzhou 310014 China

Secondary sexual characteristics are features that appear at sexual maturity and distinguish the two sexes of a species. They are readily observed and studied in living animals, but the phenomenon is rather more difficult to identify in fossil taxa. Here we report a new sexually dimorphic stem-neopterygian fish, Venusichthys comptus gen. et sp. nov., based on 30 exceptionally well-preserved specimens from the Middle Triassic(Pelsonian, Anisian)Luoping Lagersta¨tte of eastern Yunnan, China. The discovery represents the oldest known secondary sexual characteristics in Neopterygii. These characteristics,including pointed tubercles on cranial bones, scales and fins, and hook-like contact organ anterior to the anal fin,have three inferred primary functions: maintenance of body contact between the sexes during prespawning behavior or spawning; stimulation of the females during breeding; and defense of nests and territories. Lacking a specialized anal fin in the presumed males, Venusichthys would likely have a different reproductive strategy from peltopleurids and other potentially viviparous stem-neopterygians. Moreover,Venusichthys shows a unique character combination distinguished from any other stem-neopterygian families and consequently represents a new family of this clade. Assuch, the new finding provides an important addition for understanding the behavior, reproduction, and early diversification of Neopterygii.

关键词：特征鱼科中三叠世中国鳍繁殖策略产卵行为活体动物

Neogene integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第1期62卷 310-323页

作者： Tao DENG Sukuan HOU Shiqi WANG Key Laboratory of vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Department of Earth Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University

The widely exposed Chinese Neogene terrestrial deposits provide the best circumstance for the establishment of an accurate chronostratigraphic system of Eurasia, and the rapidly evolved mammalian fossils contribute efficiently to the division and correlation of Asian Neogene strata. A uniform Neogene biostratigraphic framework for China has already been established,with seven mammalian ages named. With a developed stratigraphic basis for the geochronologic "ages", seven chronostratigraphic "stage" have been established for the Chinese Neogene terrestrial strata, namely the Miocene Xiejian, Shanwangian,Tunggurian, Bahean, and Baodean stages, and the Pliocene Gaozhuangian and Mazegouan stages. Based on a series of research achievements, refined biostratigraphic, paleomagnetic and isotopic methods were combined and applied to continuous sections,and a Chinese Neogene chronostratigraphic sequence with accurate geological ages was established and improved in recent years. The lower boundaries of most of the stages could be correlated with those of the marine stages in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart, except the Tunggurian Stage, which is correlated with the European land mammal age. The biostratigraphic markers of the Chinese Neogene stages are usually first appearance of a single taxon, some representing regional species replacement, others indicating intercontinental migration of certain taxa. Candidate stratotype sections have been proposed for all the Chinese Neogene stages according to the principle and rule of modern stratigraphy, and other Chinese Neogene strata in different regions are comprehensively correlated.

关键词： Neogene Stage/age Mammal Biostratigraphy Chronostratigraphy Magnetostratigraphy China