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Kinetic scale magnetic holes in the terrestrial magnetosheath:A review

Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第9期67卷 2739-2771页

作者： Quanqi SHI Shutao YAO Maria HAMRIN Ji LIU Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong University Department of physics Ume? University Department of physics University of Alberta

Magnetic holes at the ion-to-electron kinetic scale(KSMHs) are one of the extremely small intermittent structures generated in turbulent magnetized plasmas. In recent years, the explorations of KSMHs have made substantial strides, driven by the ultra-high-precision observational data gathered from the Magnetospheric Multiscale(MMS) mission. This review paper summarizes the up-to-date characteristics of the KSMHs observed in Earth's turbulent magnetosheath, as well as their potential impacts on space plasma. This review starts by introducing the fundamental properties of the KSMHs, including observational features, particle behaviors, scales, geometries, and distributions in terrestrial space. Researchers have discovered that KSMHs display a quasi-circular electron vortex-like structure attributed to electron diamagnetic drift. These electrons exhibit noticeable non-gyrotropy and undergo acceleration. The occurrence rate of KSMH in the Earth's magnetosheath is significantly greater than in the solar wind and magnetotail, suggesting the turbulent magnetosheath is a primary source region. Additionally, KSMHs have also been generated in turbulence simulations and successfully reproduced by the kinetic equilibrium models. Furthermore,KSMHs have demonstrated their ability to accelerate electrons by a novel non-adiabatic electron acceleration mechanism, serve as an additional avenue for energy dissipation during magnetic reconnection, and generate diverse wave phenomena, including whistler waves, electrostatic solitary waves, and electron cyclotron waves in space plasma. These results highlight the magnetic hole's impact such as wave-particle interaction, energy cascade/dissipation, and particle acceleration/heating in space *** end this paper by summarizing these discoveries, discussing the generation mechanism, similar structures, and observations in the Earth's magnetotail and solar wind, and presenting a future extension perspective in this active field.

关键词： Magnetic hole Whistler Magnetic dip/cavity Electron vortex Magnetosheath Turbulence Coherent structure Mirror mode Kinetic scale Electron acceleration

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Cavity optomechanics with directionally squeezed light

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 181-182页

作者： Pierre Meystre Department of physics and College of optical Sciences University of ArizonaTucson 85721USA

It is well understood that the Heisenberg uncertainty principle imposes a fundamental limit on the precision of quantum *** way to get around this difficulty is to exploit quantum states that minimize the uncertainty on the observable of interest,increasing in the process the uncertainty on the conjugate *** states of the electromagnetic field.

关键词： field observable quantum

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22 kW near-diffraction-limited Yb:YAG slab laser amplifier without adaptive optics correction

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第3期22卷 65-70页

作者：汪丹何平周唐建李密邬映臣王亚楠尚建力高清松张凯唐淳朱日宏 School of Electronic and optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China institute of Applied Electronics China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 430079China Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering physics Beijing 100193China

A high-power CW Yb:YAG slab laser amplifier with no adaptive optics correction has been experimentally *** room temperature,the amplifier emits a power of 22 kW with an average beam quality(β)of less than 3 in 0.5 *** our knowledge,this is the brightest slab laser without closed-loop adaptive optics demonstrated to *** addition,an extracted power of 17 kW with an optical extraction efficiency of 33%,corresponding to a residual optical path difference of less than 0.5μm,is achieved with the single Yb:YAG slab gain *** slab gain module has the potential to be scalable to higher powers while maintaining good beam *** makes a high-power solid-state laser system simpler and more robust.

关键词： laser amplifier Yb:YAG slab laser surface quality pumping uniformity

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Computational and dark-field ghost imaging with ultraviolet light

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Photonics Research 2024年第2期12卷 226-234页

作者： JIAQI SONG BAOLEI LIU YAO WANG CHAOHAO CHEN XUCHEN SHAN XIAOLAN ZHONG LING-AN WU FAN WANG School of physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 102206China Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-optical Systems Department of Electronic Materials EngineeringResearch School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2600Australia institute of physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Ultraviolet(UV)imaging enables a diverse array of applications,such as material composition analysis,biological fluorescence imaging,and detecting defects in semiconductor ***,scientific-grade UV cameras with high quantum efficiency are expensive and include complex thermoelectric cooling ***,we demonstrate a UV computational ghost imaging(UV-CGI)method to provide a cost-effective UV imaging and detection *** applying spatial–temporal illumination patterns and using a 325 nm laser source,a singlepixel detector is enough to reconstruct the images of *** use UV-CGI to distinguish four UV-sensitive sunscreen areas with different densities on a ***,we demonstrate dark-field UV-CGI in both transmission and reflection *** only collecting the scattered light from objects,we can detect the edges of pure phase objects and small scratches on a compact *** results showcase a feasible low-cost solution for nondestructive UV imaging and *** combining it with other imaging techniques,such as hyperspectral imaging or time-resolved imaging,a compact and versatile UV computational imaging platform may be realized for future applications.

关键词： ghost illumination versatile

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Polarization control of above-threshold ionization spectrum in elliptically polarized two-color laser fields

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Chinese physics B 2024年第4期33卷 136-144页

作者：金发成杨慧慧宋晓红李飞杜玲玲薛红杰魏丽敏白悦刘浩翔王兵兵杨玮枫 Faculty of Science Xi'an Aeronautical InstituteXi'an 710077China School of physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Hainan UniversityHaikou 570288China Center for Theoretical physics Hainan UniversityHaikou 570288China Laboratory of optical physics Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China College of Science Shantou UniversityShantou 515063China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

We study the above-threshold ionization(ATI)process of atoms exposed to fundamental and high-frequency lasers with arbitrary ellipticity by applying the frequency-domain *** is found that the angular-resolved ATI spectrum is sensitive to ellipticities of two lasers and emitted angles of the *** for the photon energy of the highfrequency laser more than atomic ionization potential,the width of plateau tends to a constant with increasing ellipticity of fundamental field,the dip structure disappears with increasing ellipticity of the high-frequency *** the help of the quantum channel analysis,it is shown that the angular distribution depends mainly on the ellipticity of high-frequency field in the case that its frequency is ***,one can see that the maximal and minimal energies in quantum numerical results are in good agreement with the classical *** investigation may provide theoretical support for experimental research on polarization control of ionization in elliptically polarized two-color laser fields.

关键词： above-threshold ionization two-color laser polarization control

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ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in Ba_(6)Cr_(2)S_(10)Modified by Toroidal Magnetic Phase Transition

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Chinese physics Letters 2024年第4期41卷 164-172页

作者：姜丽桐姜聪颖田义超赵惠张俊田珍耘付少华梁二军望贤成靳常青赵继民 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Strong-Field and ultrafast Photonics Lab Institute of Laser EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China School of physics&Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China

Ba_(6)Cr_(2)S_(10)is a recently discovered magnetic material,in which the spins are aligned ferromagnetically in the ab-plane and anti-parallelly in a paired form along the *** is characterized as a quasi-one dimensional(1D)dimerized structure with a ferrotoroidic order,forming the simplest candidate toroidal magnetic(TM)order and exhibiting an anti-ferromagnetic-like transition at around 10 ***-resolved ultrafast dynamics investigation of the novel A-Cr-S(A:metal elements)family of quantum materials has rarely been ***,we investigate the time-resolved pump-probe ultrafast dynamics of a Ba6Cr2S10 single crystal.A prominent change in the photo-excited carrier dynamics is observed at T_(c)=10 K,corresponding to the reported TM-paramagnetic phase transition.A potential unknown magnetic transition is also found at T^(*)=29 *** results provide new evidence for the TM magnetic transition in Ba_(6)Cr_(2)S_(10),and shed light on phase transitions in TM quantum materials.

关键词： ferromagnetic magnetic transition

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Acoustic Bilayer Gradient Metasurfaces for Perfect and Asymmetric Beam Splitting

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Chinese physics Letters 2024年第1期41卷 39-50页

作者：权家琪孙宝印伏洋洋高雷徐亚东 institute of Theoretical and Applied physics School of Physical Science and TechnologySoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China College of physics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics&Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics(NUAA)MIITNanjing 211106China School of optical and Electronic Information Suzhou City UniversitySuzhou 215104China

We experimentally and theoretically present a paradigm for the accurate bilayer design of gradient metasurfaces for wave beam manipulation,producing an extremely asymmetric splitting effect by simply tailoring the interlayer *** concept arises from anomalous diffraction in phase gradient metasurfaces and the precise combination of the phase gradient in bilayer *** by different diffraction routes in momentum space for incident beams from opposite directions,extremely asymmetric acoustic beam splitting can be generated in a robust way,as demonstrated in experiments through a designed bilayer *** work provides a novel approach and feasible platform for designing tunable devices to control wave propagation.

关键词： surfaces splitting asymmetric

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Exceptional points and quantum dynamics in a non-Hermitian two-qubit system

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Chinese physics B 2024年第6期33卷 212-218页

作者：张益玺张振涛杨震山魏晓志梁宝龙 School of physics Science and Information Technology Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and TechnologyLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng 252059China

We study the exceptional-point(EP) structure and the associated quantum dynamics in a system consisting of a non-Hermitian qubit and a Hermitian qubit. We find that the system possesses two sets of EPs, which divide the systemparameter space into PT-symmetry unbroken, partially broken and fully broken regimes, each with distinct quantumdynamics characteristics. Particularly, in the partially broken regime, while the PT-symmetry is generally broken in the whole four-dimensional Hilbert space, it is preserved in a two-dimensional subspace such that the quantum dynamics in the subspace are similar to those in the PT-symmetry unbroken regime. In addition, we reveal that the competition between the inter-qubit coupling and the intra-qubit driving gives rise to a complex pattern in the EP variation with system parameters.

关键词： non-Hermitian system exceptional point PT-symmetry

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Large aperture disk standing-wave unstable resonator with intra-cavity adaptive correction

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第5期22卷 57-61页

作者：于益易家玉徐浏尚建力吴晶童立新高清松唐淳张卫陈磊 Department of optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering physics Beijing 100193China institute of Applied Electronics China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China

An unstable resonator with seven large aperture ceramic disks and intra-cavity adaptive correction is *** composite ceramic disks with absorption rings were adopted to suppress amplified spontaneous *** intra-cavity aberration non-conjugate correction based on round-trip wavefront and relaxation iteration was applied in the *** tilt and defocus were corrected in turn,an average output power of 4.5 kW was *** corresponding beam quality factorβwas *** tilt,defocus,and high order aberrations were corrected,the average output power was increased to 5.4 kW,and the beam quality factorβwas improved to 6.8.

关键词： Nd:YAG disk unstable resonator intra-cavity adaptive optics composite ceramic

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Controllable transitions among phase-matching conditions in a single nonlinear crystal

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 141-147页

作者：曾梓琦尤世欣杨子祥袁晨智由成龙金锐博 Hubei Key Laboratory of optical Information and Pattern Recognition Wuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China Quantum Photonics Laboratory Department of Physics and AstronomyLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana 70803USA

Entangled photon pairs are crucial resources for quantum information processing *** the process of spontaneous parametric downconversion(SPDC),we can generate these photon pairs using bulk nonlinear ***,the crystal is designed to satisfy a specific type of phase-matching ***,we report controllable transitions among different types of phase matching in a single periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate *** carefully selecting pump conditions,we can satisfy different phase-matching *** allows us to observe first-order Type-II,fifth-order Type-I,third-order Type-0,and fifth-order Type-II *** temperature-dependent spectra of our source were also analyzed in ***,we discussed the possibility of observing more than nine SPDCs in this *** work not only deepens the understanding of the physics behind phase-matching conditions,but also offers the potential for a highly versatile entangled biphoton source for quantum information research.

关键词： spontaneous parametric downconversion nonlinear crystals phase-matching condition

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