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Changes in soil properties and erodibility of gully heads induced by vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau, China

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第5期10卷 712-725页

作者： GUO Mingming WANG Wenlong KANG Hongliang YANG Bo State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University Yangling 712100 China institute of soil and water conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources Yangling 712100 China

soil erosion on the Loess Plateau of China is effectively controlled due to the implementation of several ecological restoration projects that improve soil properties and reduce soil erodibility. However, few studies have examined the effects of vegetation restoration on soil properties and erodibility of gully head in the gully regions of the Loess Plateau. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of vegetation restoration on soil properties and erodibility in this region. Specifically, a control site in a slope cropland and 9 sites in 3 restored land-use types （5 sites in grassland, 3 in woodland and 1 in shrubland） in the Nanxiaohegou watershed of a typical gully region on the Loess Plateau were selected, and soil and root samples were collected to assess soil properties and root characteristics. soil erodibility factor was calculated by the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator method. Our results revealed that vegetation restoration increased soil sand content, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, organic matter content and mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregate but decreased soil silt and clay contents and soil disintegration rate. A significant difference in soil erodibility was observed among different vegetation restoration patterns or land-use types. Compared with cropland, soil erodibility decreased in the restored lands by 3.99% to 21.43%. The restoration patterns of Cleistogenes caespitosa K. and Artemisia sacrorum L. in the grassland showed the lowest soil erodibility and can be considered as the optimal vegetation restoration pattern for improving soil anti-erodibility of the gully heads. Additionally, the negative linear change in soil erodibility for grassland with restoration time was faster than those of woodland and shrubland. soil erodibility was significantly correlated with soil particle size distribution, soil disintegration rate, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, water-stable aggregate stability, organic matt

关键词： soil erosion land use soil properties revegetation root characteristics headcut retreat Loess Plateau

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Distribution and land use characteristics of alluvial fans in the Lhasa River Basin,Tibet

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2021年第10期31卷 1437-1452页

作者： CHEN Tongde JIAO Juying CHEN Yixian LIN Hong WANG Haolin BAI Leichao State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina institute of soil and water conservation CAS and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingShaanxi 712100China

In Lhasa River Basin(LRB),land suitable for settlement or living is experiencing a shortage of *** fans have the potential to alleviate this ***,basic information,such as the distribution and land use types of alluvial fans,is rarely *** this study,Google Earth,ArcGIS and visual interpretation were used to obtain the outlines,areas,quantities and distribution of alluvial ***,to show the utilisation potential of alluvial fans,we analysed the land use,their distance from the roads,places(town and village)and *** results showed 826 alluvial fans exist in LRB,with a total area of 1166.03 *** number of alluvial fans with areas between 0.1 and 1 km2 is 517,accounting for 62.59%of the total number of alluvial *** is the dominant land use type,accounting for 68.70%of the total area of alluvial *** cropland area accounted for 2.16%of alluvial fans and accounted for 18.98%of the total cropland area in *** 93.70%,53.63%and 61.86%of the total number of alluvial fans were located within 5 km from the tertiary road,village,and river,*** sum up,our survey results showed that alluvial fans are important land resources in LRB and may have huge utilisation potential.

关键词： alluvial fan Lhasa River Basin distribution land use Tibet

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Flow regime changes in three catchments with different landforms following ecological restoration in the Chinese Loess Plateau

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Journal of Arid Land 2020年第1期12卷 44-57页

作者： LUO Zhidong LIU Erjia QI Shi ZHAO Nan SUN Yun College of soil and water conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China water and soil conservation Monitoring Center of Ministry of water Resources Beijing 100053China Key Laboratory of soil and water conservation of State Forestry Administration Beijing 100083China Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering Ministry of EducationBeijing 100083China Shanxi institute of soil and water conservation Taiyuan 030045China

The Chinese Loess Plateau is known as one of the most severe soil erosion regions in the *** ecological restoration projects,i.e.,the integrated soil conservation project since the 1970s and the''Grain for Green''project since 1999,have been progressively implemented to control the soil erosion in this *** restoration has greatly changed flow regime over the past five ***,the mechanism of how flow regime responds to ecological restoration among landforms remains poorly *** this study,we investigated the temporal dynamics of flow regime in three catchments,i.e.,Wuqi,Honghe and Huangling hydrological stations,respectively representing the loess hilly-gully,loess table-gully and rocky mountain(covered by secondary forest)areas in the Chinese Loess Plateau,using daily hydrological data during the 1960s–*** nonparametric Mann-Kendall test,Pettitt's test and daily flow series were used to investigate the changes of flow *** negative trends of annual streamflow were detected at the Wuqi and Honghe stations,except for the Huangling *** annual baseflow at the Wuqi station showed a significantly positive trend whereas a significantly negative trend was observed at the Honghe station,and there was no significant trend at the Huangling *** was interesting that baseflow index significantly increased during the whole period in all ***,the trends and change points of daily flow series derived by different percentages of exceedance and extreme series in different consecutive days varied among *** on the change points analysis of annual streamflow,we divided data series into three periods,i.e.,the baseline period(from 1959 and 1963 to 1979,PI),the integrated soil conservation period(1980–1999,PII)and the''Grain for Green''period(2000–2011,PIII).We found that streamflow decreased due to the reduction of high streamflow(exceeding 5%of time within a year)and median streamflow(50%)

关键词： change point extreme series hydrological data soil erosion streamflow changes

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Aggregate binding agents improve soil aggregate stability in Robinia pseudoacacia forests along a climatic gradient on the Loess Plateau,China

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第2期13卷 165-174页

作者： JING Hang MENG Min WANG Guoliang LIU Guobin State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China institute of soil and water conservation Chinese Academy of Science and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China

The distribution of binding agents(i.e.,soil organic carbon(SOC)and glomalin-related soil protein(GRSP))in soil aggregates was influenced by many factors,such as plant characteristics and soil ***,how these factors affect binding agents and soil aggregate stability along a climatic gradient remained *** selected the Robinia pseudoacacia *** from semi-arid to semi-humid of the Loess Plateau,China to analyze the plant biomass,soil physical-chemical properties,SOC and GRSP distribution in different sized soil *** found that from semi-arid to semi-humid forests:(1)the proportion of macro-aggregates(>0.250 mm)significantly increased(Psoil aggregate stability was increased;(2)the contents of SOC and GRSP in macro-aggregates and micro-aggregates significantly increased,and those in fine materials decreased;(3)the contribution of SOC to soil aggregate stability was greater than those of total GRSP and easily extractable GRSP;(4)soil properties had greater influence on binding agents than plant biomass;and(5)soil aggregate stability was enhanced by increasing the contents of SOC and GRSP in macro-aggregates and soil property was the important part during this *** change from semi-arid to semi-humid forests is important factor for soil structure formation because of its positive effect on soil aggregates.

关键词： binding agents glomalin organic carbon soil property soil aggregate stability

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Responses of soil moisture to vegetation restoration type and slope length on the loess hillslope

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第3期15卷 548-562页

作者： MEI Xue-mei MA Lan ZHU Qing-ke WANG Shu ZHANG Dong WANG Yu Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on soil and water conservation School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Haihe River water Conservancy Commission Ministry of Water Resources

soil moisture, a critical variable in the hydrologic cycle, is highly influenced by vegetation restoration type. However, the relationship between spatial variation of soil moisture, vegetation restoration type and slope length is controversial. Therefore, soil moisture across soil layers（0-400 cm depth） was measured before and after the rainy season in severe drought（2015） and normal hydrological year（2016） in three vegetation restoration areas（artificial forestland, natural forestland and grassland）, on the hillslopes of the Caijiachuan Catchment in the Loess area, China. The results showed that artificial forestland had the lowest soil moisture and most severe water deficit in 100-200 cm soil layers. water depletion was higher in artificial and natural forestlands than in natural grassland. Moreover, soil moisture in the shallow soil layers（0-100 cm） under the three vegetation restoration types did not significantly vary with slope length, but a significant increase with slope length was observed in deep soil layers（below 100 cm）. In2015, a severe drought hydrological year, higher water depletion was observed at lower slope positions under three vegetation restoration types due to higher transpiration and evapotranspiration and unlikely recharge from upslope runoff. However, in 2016, a normal hydrological year, there was lower water depletion, even infiltration recharge at lower slope positions, indicating receiving a large amount of water from upslope. Vegetation restoration type, precipitation, slope length and soil depth during a rainy season, in descending order of influence, had significant effects on soil moisture. Generally, natural grassland is more beneficial for vegetation restoration than natural and artificial forestlands, and the results can provide useful information for understanding hydrological processes and improving vegetation restoration practices on the Loess Plateau

关键词： Spatial variation soil moisture Infiltration depth Hillslope Vegetation restoration Loess Plateau

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Dimension and frequency of bar formation in a braided river

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第3期28卷 358-367页

作者： Hsuan-pei AN Su-chin CHEN Hsun-chuan CHAN Yi HSU Department of soil and water conservation National ChungHsing University

This paper presents flume and field observations of a bank-confined braided *** features,including plan form configuration,channel width,and main channel migration,were examined by a series of *** measurements of channel morphology,provided a basis to estimate the relationship between noncumulative frequency of bars and bar *** results from the Dajia River,located in Central Western Taiwan,were presented to provide a reference data set for comparing the laboratory and field *** results indicate that the relationship between bar length and width can be predicted by a simple best-fit power function relating to self-similarity *** Hurst index by Walsh and Hicks(2002) provides acceptable predictions of the bar length and width observed in the experiments and confirmed by the field *** and field results both show that large river width yields a uniform distribution of bar areas with the similar discharge,leading to a large value of exponent(ft) in the *** river width is confirmed to be a critical parameter in the main channel shift.A small increase in channel width likely increased rapidly the shift cycle.

关键词： Braided river Bank confinement Bar morphology

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N,P,and K characteristics of different age groups of temperate coniferous tree species in northwestern China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第2期29卷 465-472页

作者： Simin Liu Hao Wang School of soil and water conservation Beijing Forestry University

This study chose dominant tree species including Picea crassifolia,Pinus armandii and Pinus tabuliformis which are distributed in Qilian Mountains,Xiaolongshan Mountains,and Bailongjiang *** to the different tree species,ages and components,we sampled leaves,branches,stems,and roots,and measured the contents of Nitrogen,Phosphorus,Potassium,along with soil *** changes of N,P,and K contents in the different tree species were studied,and the relationship between nutrient content and environmental factors was *** results indicated that the content of P in all three species was the lowest(0.039–0.28 g kg),while N content was the highest(0.095–1.72 g kg).As the terminal organ of nutrient transport,the nutrient content of leaves was the ***(0.45 g kg) had a higher nutrient concentration than ***(0.19 g kg) and ***(0.29 g kg).The nutrient content of each species was highest in a young forest,but lowest in a mature *** nutrient content of all three tree species was significantly affected by soil nutrient content,and negatively correlated with available soil nutrients.

关键词： Different ages Northwestern China N,P,K Tree species

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Studying the mechanical properties of the soil-root interface using the pullout test method

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第4期15卷 882-893页

作者： JI Xiao-dong CONG Xu DAI Xian-qing ZHANG Ao CHEN Li-hua School of soil and water conservation Beijing Forestry University

It is important to quantify the effect of the root diameter, the embedment length of the root and load speed on the soil-root interface mechanical properties for studying the root anchorage. The soilroot interface mechanical properties can be obtained through the pullout force and root slippage curve(F-S curve). About 120 Pinus tabulaeformis single roots whose diameters ranged from 1 mm to 10 mm divided into 6 groups based on different root embedment length(50 mm, 100 mm and 150 mm) and different load velocity(10 mm·min^(-1), 50 mm·min^(-1), 100 mm·min^(-1) and 300 mm·min^(-1)) were investigated using the pullout method. This study aims to explore the mechanical properties of the soil-root interface in the real conditions using the pullout test method. The results showed two kinds of pullout test failure modes during the experimental process: breakage failure and pullout failure. The results showed that the roots were easier to be broken when the root diameter was smaller or the loading speed was larger. The relationship between the maximum anchorage force and root diameter was linear and the linearly dependent coefficient(R^2) was larger than 0.85. The anchorage force increased with the root embedment length. An increase of 10%^(-1)5% for the maximumanchorage force was found when load speed increased from 10 to 300 ***^(-1). The mean peak slippage of the root was from 13.81 to 35.79 mm when the load velocity varied from 10 to 300 ***^(-1). The study will be helpful for the design of slopes reinforced by vegetation and in predicting risk of uprooting of trees, and will have practical benefits for understanding the mechanism of landslide.

关键词： Mechanical properties soil-root interface Pullout test method Anchorage force Load speed Pinus tabulaeformis

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Holocene Dune Mobility and Forcing Mechanisms at the Northern Margin of the East Asian Monsoon

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第4期87卷 1168-1178页

作者： HE Zhong ZHOU Jie YANG Linhai HE Hongming institute of soil and water conservation Northwest A&F University institute of soil and water conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

Dune fields at the northern margin of the East Asian monsoon （EAM）, are mosaics of mobile and vegetation-stabilized aeolian dunes. These sand dunes are highly sensitive to environmental change, thus the distribution and the timing of their development may provide important clues to past environmental dynamics. Due to the strong wind erosion and dune migration, long and continuous stratigraphic records are seldom preserved. Synthesizing a large body of events, ultimately producing a relatively complete and high-resolution record, may be a proper method to investigate the dune development history and climate change. In this study, we synthesized a large body of luminescence ages for aeolian deposits from the Mu Us, Otindag, Horqin dune fields at the northern margin of the EAM. The results show that these dune fields, as a whole experienced a most extensive mobility during the early Holocene, followed by a widespread shift toward limited mobility and soil development in the mid-Holocene, and widespread reactivation occurred during late Holocene. The dune developments are directly linked to the effective moisture change controlled by the EAM changes, which respond to the low latitude summer insolation variation. The increased subsidence at the margin contrary to the core EAM, the delay from the feedback of the soil-vegetation-air coupled system, the increased evaporation due to the high temperature all play partial role in the lag of the margin EAM effective moisture change to the low latitude summer insolation. The asynchronous end of the wetter mid-Holocene mainly responds to the southeastwardly shift of the precipitation belt, while the regional sensitivity, response speed and internal feedback also contributed. The correspondence between dune records and North Atlantic drift-ice records of the rapid climate changes implies a close relationship between North Atlantic climate and the frequent dune activity at the northern margin of EAM.

关键词： Holocene dune mobility luminescence dating East Asian Monsoon forcing mechanisms

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Black Locust Transpiration Responses to soil water Availability as Affected by Meteorological Factors and soil Texture

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Pedosphere 2015年第1期25卷 57-71页

作者： WU Yuan-Zhi HUANG Ming-Bin David N.WARRINGTON Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of water and soil conservation and Environmental Protection Linyi University State Key Laboratory of soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University

On the Loess Plateau of China, a dry soil layer may form due to excess transpiration, leading to degradation of black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) stands. In order to better manage projects involving black locust, this study was intended to investigate the response of black locust transpiration rate to soil water availability as affected by meteorological factors using two representative soils(loamy clay and sandy loam) on the Loess Plateau. Four soil water contents were maintained for black locust seedlings grown in pots initially outdoors and then in a climate-controlled chamber, by either drying or irrigating the pots. In both environments, daily transpiration rates were related by a power function to air temperature and by a logistic function to reference evapotranspiration(ET0). Transpiration rates were more susceptible to changes in the meteorological conditions in the sandy loam than in the loamy clay soil. The transpiration rate in the well-watered treatment was greater for black locust grown in the sandy loam than in the loamy clay soil. Normalized transpiration rates were unaffected by ET0 until a critical value of soil water content(θc) was attained; the θc value decreased significantly for the loamy clay soil but increased significantly for the sandy loam soil when ET0 increased. These suggested that the effect of the meteorological condition on the transpiration characteristics of black locust was dependent on soil texture.

关键词： dry soil layer evaporative demand loamy clay Loess Plateau reference evapotranspiration sandy loam temperature vapor pressure deficit

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