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Three-dimensional magnetic reconnection in complex multiple X-point configurations in an ancient solar-lunar terrestrial system

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Chinese physics B 2024年第3期33卷 488-495页

作者：何向磊毛傲华孙萌萌邹继同王晓钢 School of physics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Laboratory for Space Environment and materials Science Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Magnetic reconnection processes in three-dimensional(3D)complex field configurations have been investigated in different magneto-plasma systems in space,laboratory,and astrophysical ***-dimensional(2D)features of magnetic reconnection have been well developed and applied successfully to systems with symmetrical property,such as toroidal fusion plasmas and laboratory experiments with an axial *** in asymmetric systems,the 3D features are inevitably different from those in the 2D *** reconnection structures in multiple celestial body systems,particularly star-planet-Moon systems,bring fresh insights to the understanding of the 3D geometry of ***,we take magnetic reconnection in an ancient solar-lunar terrestrial magneto-plasma system as an example by using its crucial parameters approximately estimated already and also some specific applications in pathways for energy and matter transports among Earth,ancient Moon,and the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF).Then,magnetic reconnection of the ancient lunar-terrestrial magnetospheres with the IMF is investigated numerically in this *** a 3D simulation for the Earth-Moon-IMF system,topological features of complex magnetic reconnection configurations and dynamical characteristics of magnetic reconnection processes are *** is found that a coupled lunar-terrestrial magnetosphere is formed,and under various IMF orientations,multiple X-points emerge at distinct locations,showing three typical magnetic reconnection structures in such a geometry,i.e.,the X-line,the triple current sheets,and the A-B null *** results can conduce to further understanding of reconnection physics in 3D for plasmas in complex magnetic configurations,and also a possible mechanism for energy and matters transport in evolutions of similar astrophysical systems.

关键词： magnetic reconnection multiple X-points complex magneto-plasma system

Cathodic corrosion as a facile and universal method for scalable preparation of powdery single atom electrocatalysts

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4943-4950页

作者： Rui Li Xiayan Yan Meng Liu Qingkai Zhao Jie Du Xinxin Tan Jingwen Ba Rongguang Zeng Wenhua Luo Jingsong Xu institute of materials China Academy of Engineering PhysicsJiangyou 621907China Science and technology on Surface physics and Chemistry Laboratory Jiangyou 621908China

Top-down strategy has been widely applied for synthesis of metal single atom catalysts(SACs)via converting metal nanoparticles or bulk metals into atomically dispersed ***,we report a simple electrochemical atomic migration strategy for top-down synthesis of SACs via a facile cathodic corrosion process without involving high temperature or harsh *** of metal nanoparticles on cathode are firstly disbanded under high negative voltage,and emitted into the electrolyte in the form of atomic metal anions in Zintl *** escaped atomically dispersed metal species are then oxidized by water molecules and captured by the defects on the pre-added nitrogen doped carbon carriers in the *** cathodic corrosion strategy is confirmed to be suitable for scalable synthesis of kinds of metal SACs(e.g.,Pt,Pd,and Ir)on doped carbon ***,the as-prepared nitrogen doped carbon powder supported Pt SACs exhibit superior catalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)with a low overpotential of 0.024 V at 10 mA·cm^(−2)and a low Tafel slope of 29.7 mV·dec^(−1)as well as a long-term durability.

关键词： cathodic corrosion top-down strategy powdery single atom catalysts hydrogen evolution reaction scalable synthesis

Phase-field simulations of the effect of temperature and interface for zirconiumδ-hydrides

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Chinese physics B 2024年第4期33卷 701-710页

作者：陈子航盛杰刘瑜施小明黄厚兵许可王越超武帅孙博刘海风宋海峰 School of materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Advanced Research institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Laboratory of Computational physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational MathematicsBeijing 100088China Department of physics University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Hydride precipitation in zirconium cladding materials can damage their integrity and *** temperature and material defects have a significant effect on the dynamic growth of *** this study,we have developed a phasefield model based on the assumption of elastic behaviour within a specific temperature range(613 K-653 K).This model allows us to study the influence of temperature and interfacial effects on the morphology,stress,and average growth rate of zirconium *** results suggest that changes in temperature and interfacial energy influence the length-to-thickness ratio and average growth rate of the hydride *** ultimate determinant of hydride orientation is the loss of interfacial coherency,primarily induced by interfacial dislocation defects and quantifiable by the mismatch degree *** escalation in interfacial coherency loss leads to a transition of hydride growth from horizontal to vertical,accompanied by the onset of redirection ***,redirection occurs at a critical mismatch level,denoted as qc,and remains unaffected by variations in temperature and interfacial ***,this redirection leads to an increase in the maximum stress,which may influence the direction of hydride crack *** research highlights the importance of interfacial coherency and provides valuable insights into the morphology and growth kinetics of hydrides in zirconium alloys.

关键词： zirconium hydride phase-field method temperature effect mismatch degree

A functional hydrogenase mimic that catalyzes robust H_(2) evolution spontaneously in aqueous environment

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 3942-3949页

作者： Ningning Song Zhanjun Guo Shuo Wang Yongli Li Yunpeng Liu Meishuai Zou Minmin Liang Experimental Center of Advanced materials School of Materials Science&EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of materials Science&Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China institute of High Energy physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Although great progress has been made in improving hydrogen production,highly efficient catalysts,which are able to produce hydrogen in a fast and steady way at ambient temperature and pressure,are still in large ***,we report a[NiCo]-based hydrogenase mimic,NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanozyme,that can catalyze robust hydrogen evolution spontaneously in water without external energy input at room *** hydrogenase nanozyme facilitates water splitting reaction by forming a three-center Ni-OH-Co bond analogous to the[NiFe]-hydrogenase reaction by using aluminum as electron donor,and realizes hydrogen evolution with a high production rate of 915 L·h^(-1) per gram of nanozymes,which is hundreds of times higher than most of the natural hydrogenase or hydrogenase ***,the NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanozyme can robustly disrupt the adhesive oxidized layer of aluminum and enable the full consumption of electrons from *** contrast to the often-expensive synthetic catalysts that rely on rare elements and consume high energy,we envision that this NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanozyme can potentially provide an upgrade for current hydrogen evolution,accelerate the development of scale-up hydrogen production,and generate a clean energy future.

关键词： hydrogenase mimic nanozyme hydrogen evolution reaction aluminum activation water-splitting

Sequential decay analysis of^(235)U(n^(th),f)reaction using fragmentation approach

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Chinese physics C 2024年第6期48卷 145-154页

作者： Nitin Sharma Ashutosh Kaushik Manoj K.Sharma School of physics and materials Science Thapar Institute of Engineering&TechnologyPatiala-147004PunjabIndia

Numerous experimental and theoretical observations have concluded that the probability of the three fragment emission(ternary fission)or binary fission increases when one proceeds towards the heavy mass region of nuclear periodic *** factors affect fragment emission,such as the shell effect,deformation,orientation,and fissility *** and ternary fissions are observed for both ground and excited states of the *** collinear cluster tripartition(CCT)channel of the^(235)U(n^(th),f)reaction is studied,and we observe that the CCT may be a sequential or simultaneous emission *** date,different approaches have been introduced to study the CCT process as a simultaneous or sequential process,but the decay dynamics of these modes have not been not fully *** the three fragments of the sequential process and exploring their related dynamics using an excitation energy dependent approach would be of further ***,in this study,we investigate the sequential decay mechanism of the^(235)U(n^(th),f)reaction using quantum mechanical fragmentation theory(QMFT).The decay mechanism is considered in two steps,where initially,the nucleus splits into an asymmetric *** the second step,the heavy fragment obtained in the first step divides into two *** I analysis is conducted by calculating the fragmentation potential and preformation probability for the spherical and deformed choices of the decaying *** most probable fragment combination of stage I are identified with respect to the dips in the fragmentation structure and the corresponding maxima of the preformation probability(P0).The light fragments of the identified decay channels(obtained in step I)agree closely with the experimentally observed *** excitation energy of the decay channel is calculated using an iteration *** excitation energy is shared using an excitation energy dependent level density *** obtained excitation

关键词： fission cluster radioactivity ternary fission spontaneous fission cluster model total kinetic energy preformation probability

Negative enthalpy alloys and local chemical ordering:a concept and route leading to synergy of strength and ductility

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 172-184页

作者： Zibing An Tao Yang Caijuan Shi Shengcheng Mao Lihua Wang Ang Li Wei Li Xianmeng Xue Ming Sun Yifan Bai Yapeng He Fuzeng Ren Zhouguang Lu Ming Yan Yang Ren Chain-Tsuan Liu Ze Zhang Xiaodong Han Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced materials College of Materials Science &Engineering Beijing University of Technology Department of materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Partial Acceleration physics& technology Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Department of materials Science &Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Department of physics City University of Hong Kong State Key Laboratory of Silicon materials Department of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University

Solid solutions are ubiquitous in metals and alloys. Local chemical ordering(LCO) is a fundamental sub-nano/nanoscale process that occurs in many solid solutions and can be used as a microstructure to optimize strength and ductility. However, the formation of LCO has not been fully elucidated, let alone how to provide efficient routes for designing LCO to achieve synergistic effects on both superb strength and ductility. Herein, we propose the formation and control of LCO in negative enthalpy alloys. With engineering negative enthalpy in solid solutions, genetic LCO components are formed in negative enthalpy refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs). In contrast to conventional ‘trial-and-error' approaches, the control of LCO by using engineering negative enthalpy in RHEAs is instructive and results in superior strength(1160 MPa) and uniform ductility(24.5%) under tension at ambient temperature, which are among the best reported so far. LCO can promote dislocation cross-slip, enhancing the interaction between dislocations and their accumulation at large tensile strains; sustainable strain hardening can thereby be attained to ensure high ductility of the alloy. This work paves the way for new research fields on negative enthalpy solid solutions and alloys for the synergy of strength and ductility as well as new functions.

关键词： negative enthalpy alloys local chemical ordering strength ductility dislocation

Structure,ferroelectric,and enhanced fatigue properties of sol–gel-processed new Bi-based perovskite thin films of Bi(Cu_(1/2)Ti_(1/2))O_(3)–PbTiO_(3)

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Chinese physics B 2024年第5期33卷 608-615页

作者：宋伟宾席国强潘昭刘锦叶旭斌刘哲宏王潇单鹏飞张林兴鲁年鹏樊龙龙秦晓梅龙有文 Department of physics Shanghai Normal UniversityShanghai 200234China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China institute for Advanced materials technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Songshan Lake materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China institute of High Energy physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Bi-based perovskite ferroelectric thin films have wide applications in electronic devices due to their excellent ferroelectric *** Bi-based perovskite thin films Bi(Cu_(1/2)Ti_(1/2))O_(3)–PbTiO_(3)(BCT–PT) are deposited on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO_(2)/Si substrates in the present study by the traditional sol–gel *** structures and related ferroelectric and fatigue characteristics are studied *** BCT–PT thin films exhibit good crystallization within the phase-pure perovskite structure,besides,they have a predominant(100) orientation together with a dense and homogeneous *** remnant polarization(2P_(r)) values at 30 μC/cm^(2) and 16 μC/cm^(2) are observed in 0.1BCT–0.9PT and 0.2BCT–0.8PT thin films,*** intriguingly,although the polarization values are not so high,0.2BCT–0.8PT thin films show outstanding polarization fatigue properties,with a high switchable polarization of 93.6% of the starting values after 10^(8) cycles,indicating promising applications in ferroelectric memories.

关键词： ferroelectric thin films perovskite PbTiO_(3)-BiMeO_(3)

Characteristic Study of Self-Powered Sensors Based on Native Protein Composite Film

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Energy & Environmental materials 2024年第1期7卷 226-232页

作者： Jiehui Xue Huijing Xiang Yanrong Zhang Jun Yang Xia Cao Zhonglin Wang Beijing institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Resources Environment and Materials School of Physics Science and Technology Center on Nanoenergy Research Guangxi University Center for Green Innovation School of Mathematics and Physics University of Science and Technology Beijing Research Centre of Information technology Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing School of materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

Flexible electronic sensors composed of flexible film and conductive materials play an increasingly important role in wearable and internet information *** has received more and more attention and made some progress over the ***,it is still a great challenge to prepare biocompatible and highly transparent conductive *** white is a pure natural protein-rich material.

关键词： flexible sensors intelligent sensing natural protein-rich material triboelectric nanogenerators

Lowering Sodium-Storage Lattice Strains of Layered Oxide Cathodes by Pushing Charge Transfer on Anions

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Energy & Environmental materials 2024年第4期7卷 99-106页

作者： Na Li Wen Yin Baotian Wang Fangwei Wang Xiaoling Xiao Jinkui Zhao Enyue Zhao Songshan Lake materials Laboratory Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Spallation Neutron Source Science Center institute of High Energy physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of materials Science and Opto-electronic technology Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Due to a high energy density,layered transition-metal oxides have gained much attention as the promising sodium-ion batteries ***,they readily suffer from multiple phase transitions during the Na extraction process,re... 详细信息

关键词： anionic redox reaction lattice strains layered oxide cathodes phase transitions sodium-ion battery