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On the New Initiative for Responsible Space Behaviors Proposed by United Kingdom,United States,and Other States

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Space(Science & Technology) 2023年第1期3卷 248-255页

作者： Guoyu Wang Junzhe Chen Academy of Air Space Policy and LawSchool of LawBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingChina

In December 2020,the Draft Resolution on Reducing Space Threats through Norms,Rules and Principles of Responsible Behaviours proposed by the United Kingdom,United States,and other States was adopted at the UN General Assembly(hereafter referred to as the“New Initiative for Responsible Space Behaviours”).Nevertheless,it does not mean that the international community would achieve the expected breakthroughs and progress on the topic of preventing an arms race in outer *** methodology of“identifying threats-characterising behaviors(responsible/irresponsible)-formulating rules”proposed by the Initiative seems reasonable;however,it might bring more unexpected uncertainties than it is supposed to *** approach could also be found in the Defense Space Strategy promulgated by the United States in *** pros and cons of this Initiative should be calmly and objectively analyzed to avoid a political deadlock in formulating rules of *** should insist on identifying the threats and risks faced by the international community as a whole rather than that by individual States and interest groups,and reexamine the dichotomy of“responsible/irresponsible behaviors,”focus on the identification and interpretation of rule of international law related to space security so as to reach a consensus on the insufficiency of lex lata and subsequently lay the foundation for the formulation of effective new rules for arms control in outer space.

关键词： outer breakthrough hereafter

Einstein Probe discovery of EP240408a: A peculiar X-ray transient with an intermediate timescale

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 222-240页

作者： Wenda Zhang Weimin Yuan Zhixing Ling Yong Chen Nanda Rea Arne Rau Zhiming Cai Huaqing Cheng Francesco Coti Zelati Lixin Dai Jingwei Hu Shumei Jia Chichuan Jin Dongyue Li Paul O’Brien Rongfeng Shen Xinwen Shu Shengli Sun Xiaojin Sun Xiaofeng Wang Lei Yang Bing Zhang Chen Zhang Shuang-Nan Zhang Yonghe Zhang Jie An David Buckley Alexis Coleiro Bertrand Cordier Liming Dou Rob Eyles-Ferris Zhou Fan Hua Feng Shaoyu Fu Johan P.U.Fynbo Lluis Galbany Saurabh W.Jha Shuaiqing Jiang Albert Kong Erik Kuulkers Weihua Lei Wenxiong Li Bifang Liu Mingjun Liu Xing Liu Yuan Liu Zhu Liu Chandreyee Maitra Alessio Marino Itumeleng Monageng Kirpal Nandra Jeremy Sanders Roberto Soria Lian Tao Junfeng Wang Song Wang Tinggui Wang Zhongxiang Wang Qingwen Wu Xuefeng Wu Dong Xu Yanjun Xu Suijian Xue Yongquan Xue Zijian Zhang Zipei Zhu Hu Zou Congying Bao Fansheng Chen Houlei Chen Tianxiang Chen Wei Chen Yehai Chen Yifan Chen Chenzhou Cui Weiwei Cui Yanfeng Dai Dongwei Fan Ju Guan Dawei Han Dongjie Hou Haibo Hu Maohai Huang Jia Huo Zhenqing Jia Bowen Jiang Ge Jin Chengkui Li Junfei Li Longhui Li Maoshun Li Wei Li Zhengda Li Tianying Lian Congzhan Liu Heyang Liu Huaqiu Liu Fangjun Lu Laidan Luo Jia Ma Xuan Mao Haiwu Pan Xin Pan Liming Song Hui Sun Yunyin Tan Qingjun Tang Yihan Tao Hao Wang Juan Wang Lei Wang Wenxin Wang Yilong Wang Yusa Wang Qinyu Wu Haitao Xu Jingjing Xu Xinpeng Xu Yunfei Xu Zhao Xu Changbin Xue Yulong Xue Ailiang Yan Haonan Yang Xiongtao Yang Yanji Yang Juan Zhang Mo Zhang Wenjie Zhang Zhen Zhang Zhen Zhang Ziliang Zhang Donghua Zhao Haisheng Zhao Xiaofan Zhao Zijian Zhao Hongyan Zhou Yilin Zhou Yuxuan Zhu Zhencai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences institute of Space Sciences (ICE) CSIC Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) Max Planck institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Innovation Academy for Microsatellites Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Physics University of Hong Kong School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leicester School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Anhui Normal University Shanghai institute of Technical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Physics Department Tsinghua University Nevada Center for Astrophysics University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Nevada Las Vegas South African Astronomical Observatory Department of Astronomy University of Cape Town Department of Physics University of the Free State Université Paris Cité CNRS Astroparticule et Cosmologie Université Paris Cité CEA Paris-Saclay IRFU/DAp-AIM Department of Astronomy Guangzhou University Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) Niels Bohr institute University of Copenhagen Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey institute for Cosmic Ray Research The University of Tokyo ESA/ESTEC Department of Astronomy School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino Sydney institute for Astronomy School of Physics The University of Sydney Department of Astronomy Xiamen University institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics Beijing Normal University Department of Astronomy University of Science and Technology School of Astronomy and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China institute of Deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration Laboratory Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan University Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chi

We report the discovery of a peculiar X-ray transient,EP240408a,by Einstein Probe （EP） and follow-up studies made with EP,Swift,NICER,GROND,ATCA and other ground-based multiwavelength *** new transient was first detected with Wide-field X-ray Telescope （WXT） on board EP on April 8th,2024,manifested in an intense yet brief X-ray flare lasting for *** flare reached a peak flux of 3.9×10-9erg cm-2s-1in 0.5-4 ke V,～300 times brighter than the underlying X-ray emission detected throughout the *** and more precise follow-up observations by EP/FXT,Swift and NICER confirmed the finding of this new *** X-ray spectrum is non-thermal in 0.5-10 ke V,with a power-law photon index varying *** X-ray light curve shows a plateau lasting for ～4 d,followed by a steep decay till becoming undetectable ～10 d after the initial *** on its temporal property and constraints from previous EP observations,an unusual timescale in the range of 7-23 d is found for EP240408a,which is intermediate between the commonly found fast and long-term *** counterparts have been found in optical and near-infrared,with the earliest observation at 17 h after the initial X-ray detection,suggestive of intrinsically weak emission in these *** demonstrate that the remarkable properties of EP240408a are inconsistent with any of the transient types known so far,by comparison with,in particular,jetted tidal disruption events,gamma-ray bursts,X-ray binaries and fast blue optical *** nature of EP240408a thus remains an *** suggest that EP240408a may represent a new type of transients with intermediate timescales of the order of～10 *** detection and follow-ups of more of such objects are essential for revealing their origin.

关键词： X-ray transients ${\bm~{Einstein~~Probe}}$

Objective Information Theory Exemplified in Air Traffic Control System

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2021年第4期30卷 743-751页

作者： XU Jianfeng WANG Shuliang LIU Zhenyu WANG Yingfei Information Center Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China institute of E-Government Beijing Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology School of Information Management for law China University of Political Science and Law

Information is the core of Air traffic control system(ATCS). In this paper, objective information theory is extended to depict, model and measure the information exemplified in ATCS. The sextuple model is presented with information ontology, state occurrence time, state set, carrier, reflection time, and reflection set. The metric system is given to quantitively measure the information with extensity, detailedness, continuity,richness, containability, delay, pervasiveness, authenticity,and adaptability. The results show that the proposed method is potential to find out actual indexes in ATCS for flight safety.

关键词： Objective information theory Sextuple model Information metrics Air traffic control system

Towards a Global Regulatory Framework for Cross-Border Data Flows——Fundamental Concerns and the China’s Approach

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Frontiers of law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2022年第3期17卷 412-439页

作者： LIU Jinr The institute of Rule of law China Law SocietyBeijing 100081China

Cross-border data flows not only involve cross-border trade issues,but also severely challenge personal information protection,national data security,and the jurisdiction of justice and *** the current digital trade negotiations could not accommodate these challenges,China has initiated the concept of secure cross-border data flow and has launched a dual-track multi-level regulatory system,including control system for overseas transfer of important data,system of crossborder provision of personal information,and system of cross-border data request for justice and *** explore a global regulatory framework for cross-border data flows,legitimate and controllable cross-border data flows should be promoted,supervision should be categorized based on risk concerned,and the rule of law should be coordinated at home and abroad to promote system *** this end,the key is to build a compatible regulatory framework,which includes clarifying the scope of important data to define the“Negative List”for preventing national security risks,improving the cross-border accountability for protecting personal information rights and interests to ease pre-supervision pressure,and focusing on data access rights instead of data localization for upholding the jurisdiction of justice and enforcement.

关键词： cross-border data flows personal information important data national security jurisdiction of justice and enforcement global regulatory framework

Agronomic and Economic Efficiency of Manure and Urea Fertilizers Use on Vertisols in Ethiopian Highlands

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第3期8卷 352-360页

作者： Teklu Erkossa Hailemariam Teklewold International Water Management institute School of Business Economics and Law University of Gothenburg

Soil fertility depletion is among the major impediments to sustained agricultural productivity especially in the less developed countries because of limited application of fertilizers. Soil fertility maintenance requires a balanced application of inorganic and organic nutrient sources. This study was conducted on a Vertisol in Ethiopia to determine the optimum farm yard manure （M） and nitrogen （N） application rates for maximum return under cereal-pulse-cereal rotation system. The main and interaction effects of M and N significantly affected biomass, grain and straw yields of wheat （Triticum durum） and tef （Eragrostis tear）, but the residual effect on chickpea （Cicer arietinum） was not significant. Application of 6 t M ha^-1 and 30 kg N ha^-1, gave the largest grain yield of both crops but a comparable result was obtained due to 3 t M ha^-1 and 30 kg N ha^-1. The economic analysis revealed that 6.85 t M ha^-1 and 44 kg N ha^-1 for wheat, and 4.53 t M ha^-1 and 37 kg N ha^-1 for tef were the economic optimum rates. The additional benefit obtained due to these rates was about 450 USD ha^-1. Therefore, application of the economic optimum combination of both organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen is recommended for use on cereals in the cereal-legume-cereal rotation system.

关键词： Ethiopia vertisol productivity manure economic optimum rotation system

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Scalable and Privacy-Preserving Data Sharing Based on Blockchain

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2018年第3期33卷 557-567页

作者： Bao-Kun Zheng Lie-Huang Zhu Meng Shen Feng Gao Chuan Zhang Yan-Dong Li Jing Yang School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China School of Information Management for law China University of Political Science and Law Beijing 102249 China

With the development of network technology and cloud computing, data sharing is becoming increasingly popular, and many scholars have conducted in-depth research to promote its flourish. As the scale of data sharing expands, its privacy protection has become a hot issue in research. Moreover, in data sharing, the data is usually maintained in multiple parties, which brings new challenges to protect the privacy of these multi-party data. In this paper, we propose a trusted data sharing scheme using blockchain. We use blockchain to prevent the shared data from being tampered, and use the Paillier cryptosystem to realize the confidentiality of the shared data. In the proposed scheme, the shared data can be traded, and the transaction information is protected by using the （p, t）-threshold Paillier cryptosystem. We conduct experiments in cloud storage scenarios and the experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

关键词： data sharing privacy-preserving cloud computing blockchain Paillier cryptosystem

A Study of International Arbitrators' Substantive Ethical Obligations and Chinese Strategies

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学术界 2018年第12期 260-271页

作者： Yin Jun law School&institute of International law Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072

The increased complexity and scales of international arbitration cases require a larger roster of righteous and experienced international arbitrators. The difficulty to define ethics or ethical obligation in the area of international arbitration has caused increased discussion and confusion. As a result,the tendency towards codification of ethical obligations would provide a more precise and practical mean to regulate arbitrators' behavior. The legal sources of ethical obligations of international arbitrators contain international conventions,national laws,arbitral institutions' rules as well as institutional codes of ethics. The main substantive ethical obligations include disclosing,investigating,conducting the arbitration in accordance with the arbitration agreement,maintaining confidentiality,being competent and diligent. Chinese authorities and foreign-related arbitral institutions should enhance the codification and uniformity of the international arbitrators' ethical obligations. The relevant strategies for revising the Arbitration lawand arbitrators' ethical codes,unifying the foreign-related arbitration institution ethical rules and joining the harmonious progress of international arbitration should be considered correspondingly.

关键词： international arbitration arbitrator ethical obligation codification

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PARTY AUTONOMY IN THE APPLICABLE law TO RIGHTS IN REM TO MOVABLES UNDER THE CHINESE ACT ON THE law APPLICABLE TO CIVIL RELATIONS WITH A FOREIGN ELEMENT： A COMPARATIVE REVIEW

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Frontiers of law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2014年第3期9卷 446-463页

作者： LIANG Wenwen QIAO Xiongbing 1. School of law Institute of International Law Wuhan University Wuhan China. Research interests in private international law and financial law.2. Institute of International Law Wuhan University Wuhan China

It is widely recognized that a right in rein to movables is to be governed by the law where the movable is located, while party autonomy is confined to the choice of law in contractual matters. Recently there have been calls to extend party autonomy to right in the choice of law in rights in rein to movables. The 2010 Act of the People＇s Republic of China on the law Applicable to Civil Relations with a Foreign Element （the Act） is a legislative move. The question, however, remains whether it is reasonable for mandatory property law to be left to the choice of parties, in particular in an age when transborder movement of movables is frequent. This paper analyzes the issues of party autonomy and applicable law to rights in rein to movables.

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THE KOLMAR V. SUTEX CASE ON RECIPROCITY IN FOREIGN JUDGMENTS ENFORCEMENT IN CHINA： A WELCOME DEVELOPMENT OR STILL ON THE WRONG TRACK？

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Frontiers of law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2018年第2期13卷 202-217页

作者： ZHU Lei Lecturer in law Institute of Intemational Law Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China EU Competition law Law School Bangor University Wales

In December 2016, the Nanjing Intermediate People＇s Court in China issued its ruling in the Kolmar vo Sutex case, where a monetary judgment from Singapore was recognized and enforced against a local textile company. The case confirms that once a foreign country has taken the initiative, Chinese courts will follow up to enforce judgments from that country reciprocally. This is the doctrine of de facto reciprocity adopted by some Chinese courts. The paper surveys the judicial practice of Chinese courts and finds that this area of law is full of confusion and uncertainties due to the lack of applicable rules. Recent developments suggest that China may move away from this approach and adopt a relaxed version of reciprocity, which is worthy of close attention.

关键词： recognition and enforcement of foreign judgment reciprocity de facto reciprocity obligation doctrine