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Eighteen years(2001–2018)of forest habitat loss across the Asian elephant’s range and its drivers

Science Bulletin 2022年第15期67卷 1513-1516页

作者： Lei Luo Xinyuan Wang Huadong Guo Lanwei Zhu Yuanxu Ma Ruixia Yang Siyuan Wang Guizhou Wang Meng Wang Jie Shao Chuansheng Liu international Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China international Centre on Space Technologies for Natural and Cultural Heritage(HIST)under the Auspices of UNESCO Beijing 100094China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China China Satellite Remote Sensing Ground Station Aerospace Information Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Geospatial Engineering and Science Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China

The Asian elephant(Elephas maximus)-the largest living land animal in Asia-is categorized as an endangered species according to the international Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)Red List and is listed in the Convention on international Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES)Appendix I[1].Over the past 100 years,the range of the Asian elephant has declined by as much as 90%[2].At present,the Asian elephant inhabits forest-dominated habitat in only 13 countries across South and Southeast Asia(Fig.S1 online),and the IUCN Species Survival Commission(SSC)Asian Elephant Specialist Group(AsESG)estimated the global wild population size of Asian elephants to number 45,671-49,028 individuals[3].Forest habitat loss,along with human-elephant conflict,poaching and the illegal trade in ivory and elephant body parts,is weakening global conservation efforts towards the recovery of wild Asian elephant populations at local,national and range-wide scales[3,4].

关键词：亚洲象 habitat Species

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Precipitated phases of superaustenitic stainless steel 654SMO

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research international 2017年第7期24卷 743-749页

作者： Zhi-gang Song En-xiang Pu Special Steel institute Central Iron & Steel Research Institute School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University

The phase diagram of superaustenitic stainless steel 654SMO was calculated by thermodynamic software and the precipitated phases in the specimens aged at 800-1100°C for 1hwere studied by methods of physicochemical phase analysis,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron *** results showed that the size of precipitated particles increased with increasing the *** amount of second phases reached the maximum value at 900°C,but decreased above 900°*** were about eight kinds of precipitated phases in 654SMO includingσphase,Cr_2N,μphase,χphase,Laves phase,M_（23）C_6,M_6C and M_3C,in which theσphase and Cr_2N were the dominant precipitated phases.

关键词： 654SMO Precipitation Superaustenitic stainless steel Precipitated phase Second phase

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Effect of edge cracks on critical current degradation in REBCO tapes under tensile stress

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Superconductivity 2022年第1期1卷 52-62页

作者： Zhirong Yang Yi Li Peng Song Mingzhi Guan Feng Feng Timing Qu State Key Laboratory of Tribology Department of Mechanical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Mechanical Engineering Advanced Manufacturing InstituteTexas Center for SuperconductivityUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX 77024USA institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Lab of Intelligent Manufacturing and Precision Machining Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China

The slitting process for manufacturing REBa2Cu3O7δ(REBCO,RE=Rare earth)tapes of required width significantly improves the production efficiency and reduces production ***,edge cracks induced by the slitting process of wide REBCO tapes may cause premature degradation under high tensile stress in highfield ***,it is necessary to evaluate the effect of edge cracks of REBCO tapes on the critical current(Ic)***,Ic degradation under artificial cracks was measured to validate the applicability of linear elastic fracture mechanics for the REBCO *** maximum circumferential stress criterion was used to derive the mixed-mode stress intensity factor of multiple oblique edge cracks.A semi-analytical model considering edge crack properties such as angleβ,spacing d,and length a,was built to evaluate the critical load and critical *** found that when the stress intensity factor at the crack tip is below KIC?2:3 MPa ffiffiffiffim p,edge cracks did not *** examined commercial REBCO tapes manufactured by two different processes,concluding that edge cracks in these tapes will not cause premature degradation.

关键词： REBCO Degradation Stress intensity factor Multiple oblique edge cracks Fracture toughness

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Progress in ENSO prediction and predictability study

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National Science Review 2018年第6期5卷 826-839页

作者： Youmin Tang Rong-Hua Zhang Ting Liu Wansuo Duan Dejian Yang Fei Zheng Hongli Ren Tao Lian Chuan Gao Dake Chen Mu Mu State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography Environmental Science and Engineering University of Northern British Columbia Prince George Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences College of Oceanography Hohai University international Center for Climate and Environment Science Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory for Climate Studies & CMA—NJU Joint Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological Administration College of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Fudan University

ENSO is the strongest interannual signal in the global climate system with worldwide climatic, ecological and societal impacts. Over the past decades, the research about ENSO prediction and predictability has attracted broad attention. With the development of coupled models, the improvement in initialization schemes and the progress in theoretical studies, ENSO has become the most predictable climate mode at the time scales from months to seasons. This paper reviews in detail the progress in ENSO predictions and predictability studies achieved in recent years. An emphasis is placed on two fundamental issues: the improvement in practical prediction skills and progress in the theoretical study of the intrinsic predictability limit. The former includes progress in the couple models, data assimilations, ensemble predictions and so on, and the latter focuses on efforts in the study of the optimal error growth and in the estimate of the intrinsic predictability limit.

关键词： ENSO prediction and predictability coupled model ensemble prediction optimal error growth probabilistic prediction

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Perspectives on Compound Flooding in Chinese Estuary Regions

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international Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第2期14卷 269-279页

作者： Hanqing Xu Elisa Ragno Jinkai Tan Alessandro Antonini Jeremy D.Bricker Sebastiaan N.Jonkman Qing Liu Jun Wang institute of eco-Chongming(IEC) Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of Ministry of Education and School of Geographic SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology2628 CNDelftThe Netherlands School of Atmospheric Sciences and Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System of Ministry of Education Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai519082China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA

Extreme surges and rainfall represent major driving factors for compound flooding in estuary regions along the Chinese *** combined effect of extreme surges and rainfall(that is,compound floods)might lead to greater impacts than if the drivers occurred in ***,understanding the frequency and severity of compound flooding is important for improving flood hazard assessment and compound flood resilience in coastal *** this study,we examined the dependence between extreme surges and corresponding rainfall events in 26 catchments along the Chinese coastline during typhoon and non-typhoon seasons using copula functions,to identify where the two drivers more often occur together and the implication for flood management in these *** found that the interaction between flood drivers is statistically significant in 10catchments located around Hainan Island(south)and Shanghai,where surge peaks occur mainly during the typhoon season and around the Bohai Sea(north),where surge peaks occur mainly during the non-typhoon *** further applied the copula-based framework to model the dependence between surge peaks and associated rainfall and estimate their joint and conditional probability in two specific locations—Hainan Island and the Bohai Sea,where the correlation between flood drivers is statistically *** observed that in Hainan Island where most of the surge peaks occur during the typhoon season,extreme rainfall events during the typhoon season are generally more intense compared to annual maxima *** contrast,around the Bohai Sea where surge peaks occur mainly outside the typhoon season,rainfall is less intense than annual maxima *** results show that the interaction between extreme surges and rainfall can provide valuable insight when designing coastal and urban infrastructure,especially in highly populated urban areas prone to both coastal and pluvial flooding,such as many Chinese coastal cities.

关键词： China Coastal catchments Compound flooding Copula function Extreme surge Optimal threshold

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Gender and Off-farm Employment： Evidence from Rural China

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China & World economy 2016年第3期24卷 18-36页

作者： Xiaobing Wang Linghui Han Jikun Huang Linxiu Zhang Scott Rozelle Associate Professor School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University China. Researcher Research Institute of Fiscal Science Ministry of Finance and the National Institute for Fiscal Studies Tsinghua University China Professor School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University China Professor Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences China Professor Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University USA

The goal of the present paper is to examine how the expansion of the economy from 2000 has affected rural off-farm labor market participation. Specifically, we seek to determine whether off-farm labor increased after 2000, what forms of employment are driving trends in off-farm labor and whether gender differences can be observed in off- farm employment trends. Using a nationally representative dataset that consist of two waves of surveys conducted in 2000 and 2008 in six provinces, this paper finds that off- farm labor market participation continued to rise steadily in the early 2000s. However, there is a clear difference in the trends associated with occupational choice before and after 2000. In addition, we find that rural oy^farm employment trends are diffbrent for men and women. Our analysis also shows that the rise of wage-earning employment corresponds with an increasing unskilled wage for both men and women.

关键词： gender rural China self-employment wages

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National Policy Change＇s Influence on the Landscape Pattern in Maoxian County

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2011年第2X期1卷 221-224页

作者： J. Jian W. Sheng Y. Y. Chen institute of RS and GIS Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China international institute for Earth System Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

Landscape pattern analysis is becoming the core to study global or local change. Incorporated with fast, dynamic and precise spatial information technology, Landscape pattern analysis has been a foundation for the governments to make decision. In this paper, Maoxian county, located in the northwest of Sichuan Province, was selected as the study area. Landsat TM data in 1994 and Landsat ETM data in 2002, with dates are just same as the time of national policy changes, are classified to make the landscape patterns change. The result indicates that, from 1994 to 2002, owing to the policies of the project of wild wood resource protect and the project of returning land for farming to forestry （grass）, the forests has increased about 2.68%, Natural meadow has increased about 0.83%, Shrubby has increased about 0.63%, Farm land has decreased about 4.10% and the fragment of forests in 2002 is lower than in 1994. This states that the national policy actioned during 1990s have much positive influence on the landscape patterns in Maoxian county.

关键词： Landscape pattern national policy change maoxian remote sensing.

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Friendly Neighbor, Strategic Partner——Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Establishing of Sino-Russian Relations

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Contemporary international Relations 1999年第11期9卷 13-18页

作者：王郦久 Associate Research Professor Division for East European and Central Asian StudiesChina Institute of Contemparory International Relations.

I On the occasion of the 5 0th anniversary of the founding of the People’S Re-public of China and of the establishment of diplomatic ties between the PRC andRussia,both countries have pledged to take this opportunity to further strengthenand develop bilateral relations in the coming 21st century. Looking back at the 50-year relationship between China and Russia,it is notdifficult to see that it underwent not only close cooperation,but also severe con-

关键词： Friendly Neighbor Strategic Partner Commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the Establishing of Sino-Russian Relations

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A Model for Precipitation Kinetics in Vanadium Microalloyed Steel

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research international 2010年第2期17卷 36-42页

作者： FANG Fang YONG Qi-long YANG Cai-fu SU Hang Structure Material institute Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Beijing 100081 China

Small dispersoid particles inhibit recrystallization which is critical in controlling the grain structure of many high strength low alloy steels. A general kinetic model has been developed to predict precipitation of V（C, N） in vanadium microalloyed steels with a series of carbon and nitrogen contents. The solubility product and driving force of carbonitrides precipitated in austenite as well as the interracial energy and other parameters can be evaluated to predict Nucleation rates-Temperature （NrT） and Precipitation-Time-Temperature （PTT） diagram. By using stress relaxation tests and fitting with Avrami equation, it is possible to draw PTT diagrams. The predictions of the model coincide with results of experimental investigation on V（C, N） precipitation in austenite. The nose temperature is around 850 ℃ obtained by experiment which is different from the prediction of the model and the difference is 30 ℃, and nitrogen has more effect on the shape of ＂C＂ curve of PTT diagram than carbon that makes ＂C＂ curve move leftward significantly.

关键词： kinetic calculation model PTT curve stress relaxation nitrogen

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Monte Carlo generator photon jets used for luminosity at e^+e^- colliders

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第6期34卷 877-882页

作者： G.V.Fedotovich E.A.Kuraev A.L.Sibidanov Budker institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk State University Joint institute of Nuclear Research

A Monte-Carlo Generator Photon Jets （MCGPJ） to simulate Bhabha scattering as well as production of two charged muons and two photons events is discussed. The theoretical precision of the cross sections with radiative corrections （RC） is estimated to be smaller than 0.2%. The Next Leading Order （NLO） radiative corrections proportional to α are treated exactly, whereas the all logarithmically enhanced contributions, related to photon jets emitted in the collinear region, are taken into account in frame of the Structure Function approach. Numerous tests of the MCGPJ as well as a detailed comparison with other MC generators are presented.

关键词： luminosity e^+e^- hadrons detectors

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