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Understanding livelihood vulnerability:a perspective from Western Sichuan’s ethnic rural settings

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第2期21卷 380-396页

作者： YU Yongqian JING Zheng WANG Yan QIU Xiaoping YANG Xueting XU Yun School of Geography and Resource Science Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610101China Key Laboratory of land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest Ministry of EducationSichuan Normal UniversityChengdu 610101China Sichuan County Economic Development Research Center Mianyang Normal UniversityMianyang 621000China institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China

To explore the livelihood status and key influencing factors of rural households in the minority areas,we collected flat data from 284 rural households in 32 villages across 12 counties of Western Sichuan from 2021 to *** conducted participatory household survey on the livelihood status of the rural households and try to identify the key factors to influence their livelihood vulnerability using multiple linear *** results showed that:the livelihood situation of the rural households is relatively *** vulnerability varies significantly with the income levels,education levels,and income *** vulnerability of farm households,categorized from low to high livelihood types,follows the sequence:non-agricultural dominant households,non-agricultural households,agricultural dominant households,and pure agricultural *** degree of damage to the natural environment,education costs,loan opportunities,the proportion of agricultural income to annual household income,and the presence of sick people in the household have significant positive effects on the livelihood vulnerability index(LVI)of rural households;while help from relatives and friends,net income per capita,household size,household education,agricultural land area,participation in industrial organizations,number of livestock,purchase of commercial houses,drinking water source,and self-supply of food have significant negative *** on the findings,we believe that local rural households operate in a complex livelihood system and recommend continuous interventions targeting key influences to provide empirical research support for areas facing similar situations.

关键词： Livelihood Vulnerability Rural households Ethnic areas

A novel deep generative model for mRNA vaccine development: Designing 5′ UTRs with N1-methyl-pseudouridine modification

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第4期14卷 1814-1826页

作者： Xiaoshan Tang Miaozhe Huo Yuting Chen Hai Huang Shugang Qin Jiaqi Luo Zeyi Qin Xin Jiang Yongmei Liu Xing Duan Ruohan Wang Lingxi Chen Hao Li Na Fan Zhongshan He Xi He Bairong Shen Shuai Cheng Li Xiangrong Song institute of Systems Genetics Department of Critical Care MedicineFrontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular NetworkState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610000China Department of Computer Science City University of Hong KongHong Kong 99907China Department of Biology Brandeis UniversityBostonMA 02453USA

Efficient translation mediated by the 5'untranslated region(5'UTR)is essential for the robust efficacy of mRNA ***,the N1-methyl-pseudouridine(m1)modification of mRNA can impact the translation efficiency of the 5'*** discovered that the optimal 5'UTR for m1y-modified mRNA(m1y-5'UTR)differs significantly from its unmodified counterpart,high-lighting the need for a specialized tool for designing mly-5'UTRs rather than directly utilizing high-expression endogenous gene 5'*** response,we developed a novel machine learning-based tool,Smart5UTR,which employs a deep generative model to identify superior m1y-5'UTRs in *** tailored loss function and network architecture enable Smart5UTR to overcome limitations inherent in existing *** a result,Smart5UTR can successfully design superior 5'UTRs,greatly benefiting mRNA vaccine ***,Smart5UTR-designed superior 5'UTRs significantly enhanced antibody titers induced by COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against the Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2,surpassing the performance of vaccines using high-expression endogenous gene 5'UTRs.

关键词： mRNA vaccine Machine learning 5'UTR mRNA design Sequence design N1-Methyl-pseudouridine COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2

Differences in the effects and action modes of gut commensals against dextran sulfate sodium-induced intestinal inflammation

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1201-1211页

作者： Dingwu Qu Zhennan Gu Saisai Feng Leilei Yu Fengwei Tian Hao Zhang Wei Chen Qixiao Zhai State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research institute Wuxi Branch Wuxi 214122China

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a complex relapsing inflammatory disease in the gut and is driven by complicated host-gut microbiome *** commensals have shown different functions in IBD prevention and *** gain a mechanistic understanding of how different commensals affect intestinal inflammation,we compared the protective effects of 6 probiotics(belonging to the genera Akkermansia,Bifidobacterium,Clostridium,and Enterococcus)on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice with or without gut ***-inflammatory properties(ratio of interleukin(IL)-10 and IL-12)of these strains were also evaluated in an in vitro mesenteric lymph nodes(MLN)co-culture *** showed that 4 probiotics(belonging to the species Bifidobacterium breve,Bifidobacterium bifidum,and Enterococcus faecalis)can alleviate colitis in normal *** probiotic strains differed in regulating the intestinal microbiota,cytokines(IL-10,IL-1βand interferon(IFN)-γ),and tight junction function(Zonulin-1 and Occludin).By constrast,Akkermansia muciniphila AH39 and Clostridium butyricum FHuNHHMY49T1 were not ***,*** JSNJJNM2 with high anti-inflammatory potential in the MLN model could relieve colitis symptoms in antibiotic cocktail(Abx)-treated ***,*** FJSWX25M1induced low levels of cytokines in vitro and showed no beneficial ***,we provided insight into the clinical application of probiotics in IBD treatment.

关键词： Gut commensals Dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)colitis Intestinal barrier Immunoregulation

An aqueous rechargeable Fe//LiMn_(2)O_()hybrid battery with superior electrochemical performance beyond mainstream Fe-based batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5168-5178页

作者： Yu Liu Dehui Xie Yuxin Shi Rongguan Lv Yingna Chang Yuzhen Sun Zhiyuan Zhao Jindi Wang Kefan Song Huayu Wu Tuan K.A.Hoang Rong Xing Huan Pang institute of New Energy on Chemical Storage and Power Sources School of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringYancheng Teachers UniversityYancheng 224000China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada

Aqueous rechargeable batteries(ARBs)are generally safer than non-aqueous analogues,they are also less-expensive,and more friendly to the ***,the inherent disadvantage of the narrow electrochemical window of H2O seriously restricts the energy density and output voltage of ARBs,especially aqueous rechargeable Fe-based ***,we introduce a new battery system:the anode contains C@Fe/Fe_(2)O_(3)composite,which is interfaced with an alkaline electrolyte;the cathode contains LiMn_(2)O_()in contact with a neutral electrolyte.A Li^(+)-conducting membrane is carefully selected to decouple the electrode-electrolyte,which effectively widens the electrochemical window to above 2.65 V,thereby enables an aqueous rechargeable iron *** average output voltage is 1.83 V and its energy density is 235.3 Wh/kg at 549 W/*** this work,we propose the energy storage mechanism with the aid of density functional theory(DFT).The calculated reduction potential of the anode agrees with the experimental ***,this battery system demonstrates long cycle lifespan of approximately 2500 cycles at 2 A/g,corresponding to a capacity retention of 82.1%.These results are very far superior than those of mainstream aqueous rechargeable Fe-based batteries,which guarantee future investigation for storing electricity energy.

关键词： aqueous battery high voltage high energy iron oxide theoretical calculation

Energy loss correction for a crystal calorimeter

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Chinese Physics C 2008年第4期32卷 269-274页

作者：何苗王贻芳边渐明曹国富邓子艳何康林黄彬季晓斌李刚李海波李卫东刘春秀刘怀民马秋梅马想冒亚军毛泽普莫晓虎邱进发孙胜森孙永昭王纪科王亮亮文硕频伍灵慧谢宇广杨明尤郑昀俞国威苑长征袁野臧石磊张长春张建勇张令张学尧张瑶郑志鹏朱永生邹佳恒 institute of high Energy Physics CAS Peking University Hunan University Shandong University

Material effect of inner-detectors on the performances of the BESⅢ Electromagnetic Calorimeter （EMC） is investigated. The BESⅢ Time-Of-Flight counters （TOF） have been utilized to improve the energy resolution and detection efficiency for photons after a careful energy calibration. A matching algorithm between TOF and EMC energy deposits is developed, and the effects of beam-related background are discussed. The energy resolution is improved and the photon detection efficiency can be increased by the combined measurement of EMC and TOF detectors.

关键词： BESⅢ calorimeter material effect calibration resolution efficiency

Constructing inter-diffusive PtCuNi/WO_(3)interface to enhance the catalytic activity and stability in oxygen reduction

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 293-303页

作者： Hao-Zhe Xu Dong Li Ying Chen Pin Fang Xiao-Xing Ke Olga Demidenko Yu-Jing Li Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Scientifi c-Practical Materials Research Centre National Academy of Sciences of Belarus220072 MinskBelarus

Platinum-group-metal-based alloy nanocrystals have been considered as the most effi cient catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).However,the poor stability issues limit their further deployment in *** oxide(WO_(3))has received attention due to its intrinsic electrochemical stability and proton absorption/desorption *** this work,we prepared PtCuNi/WO_(3)/C hybrid catalyst with inter-diff usive alloy/WO_(3)interface on *** catalyst exhibits enhanced activity and stability associated with the WO_(3)*** characterization results suggest that the increased activity originates from the complementary proton supply of non-stoichiometric H_(x)WO_(3).Moreover,WO_(3)prevents the particle from dissolution and detachment under vigorous electrochemical *** enhanced stability originates from the electronic interaction established between Pt and *** work provides new strategies to design high-performance ORR catalysts by taking the merits of WO_(3)。

关键词： Tungsten oxide PtCuNi Interface Electronic interaction

Predicting Quantum Many-Body Dynamics with Transferable Neural Net works

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Chinese Physics Letters 2020年第1期37卷 101-104页

作者：张泽旺杨硕吴亦航刘晨曦韩翊民 Ching-Hua Lee 孙政李光杰张笑 School of Physics Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275 State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084 Department of Physics National University of Singapore117542Singapore institute of high performance Computing 138632Singapore

Advanced machine learning(ML)approaches such as transfer learning have seldom been applied to approximate quantum many-body *** we demonstrate that a simple recurrent unit(SRU)based efficient and transferable sequence learning framework is capable of learning and accurately predicting the time evolution of the one-dimensional(ID)Ising model with simultaneous transverse and parallel magnetic fields,as quantitatively corroborated by relative entropy measurements between the predicted and exact state *** a cost of constant computational complexity,a larger many-body state evolution is predicted in an autoregressive way from just one initial state,without any guidance or knowledge of any *** work paves the way for future applications of advanced ML methods in quantum many-body dynamics with knowledge only from a smaller system.

关键词： quantum exact entropy

Pollution source identification methods and remediation technologies of groundwater: A review

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 125-137页

作者： Ya-ci Liu Yu-hong Fei Ya-song Li Xi-lin Bao Peng-wei Zhang Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesXiamen 361000China Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Resources Conservation and Restoration in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yellow River Basin MNRZhengzhou 450016China

Groundwater is an important source of drinking *** pollution severely endangers drinking water safety and sustainable social *** the case of groundwater pollution,the top priority is to identify pollution sources,and accurate information on pollution sources is the premise of efficient ***,an appropriate pollution remediation scheme should be developed according to information on pollution sources,site conditions,and economic *** methods for identifying pollution sources mainly include geophysical exploration,geochemistry,isotopic tracing,and numerical *** these identification methods,only the numerical modeling can recognize various information on pollution sources,while other methods can only identify a certain aspect of pollution *** remediation technologies of groundwater can be divided into in-situ and ex-situ remediation technologies according to the remediation *** in-situ remediation technologies enjoy low costs and a wide remediation range,but their remediation performance is prone to be affected by environmental conditions and cause secondary *** ex-situ remediation technologies boast high remediation efficiency,high processing capacity,and high treatment concentration but suffer high *** methods for pollution source identification and remediation technologies are applicable to different *** achieve the expected identification and remediation results,it is feasible to combine several methods and technologies according to the actual hydrogeological conditions of contaminated sites and the nature of ***,detailed knowledge about the hydrogeological conditions and stratigraphic structure of the contaminated site is the basis of all work regardless of the adopted identification methods or remediation technologies.

关键词： Groundwater pollution Identification of pollution sources Geophysical exploration identification Geochemistry identification Isotopic tracing Numerical modeling Remediation technology Hydrogeological conditions Hydrogeological survey engineering

A revisit to the role of Mo in an MP35N superalloy:An experimental and theoretical study

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第26期157卷 60-70页

作者： Qing Cheng Jinyong Mo Xiaoqing Li Xiandong Xu Center for high Resolution Electron Microscopy College of Materials Science and EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China institute of Massive Amorphous Metal Science School of Materials Science and Physics China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Applied Materials Physics KTH-Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm SE-10044Sweden

Molybdenum(Mo)has been recognized as an essential alloying element of the MP35N(Co_(35.4)Cr_(22.9)Ni_(35.5)Mo_(6.2),at.%)superalloy for enhancing strength and corrosion ***,a full understanding of the addition of Mo on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Mo-free parent alloy is *** this work,we consider five(Co_(37.7)Cr_(24.4)Ni_(37.9))_(100-x)Mo_(x)(x=0,0.7,2.0,3.2,and 6.2)alloys,and reveal that yield/tensile strength and ductility are continuously increased for these alloys with increasing Mo content while a single-phase face-centered cubic structure remains *** is found that strong solid solution strengthening(SSS)is a main domain to the improved yield strength,whereas grain boundaries are found to soften by the Mo *** first-principles calculations demonstrate that a severe local lattice distortion contributes to the enhanced SSS,and the grain boundary softening effect is mostly associated with the decreased shear *** first-principles calculations and scanning transmission electron microscopy observations reveal that the stacking fault energy(SFE)reduces by the Mo *** calculated SFE value decreases from 0.4 mJ/m^(2) to-11.8 mJ/m^(2) at 0 K as Mo content increases from 0 at.%to 6.2 at.%,and experimentally measured values of SFE at room temperature for both samples are about 18 mJ/m^(2) and 9 mJ/m^(2),*** reduction of SFE promoted the generation of stacking faults and deformation twins,which sustain a high strain hardening rate,thus postponing necking instability and enhancing tensile strength and elongation.

关键词： Mo addition Solid solution strengthening Grain boundary softening Local lattice distortion First-principles simulations Stacking fault energy Deformation twin